If we pay attention to the records in ancient books or the court plays in movies and TV plays, we can find that officials before the Ming Dynasty and officials in the Qing Dynasty all wore different styles of official hats except official uniforms. Before the Ming dynasty, most of them were familiar with their jobs. In the Qing dynasty, official hats wore crowns.
Then, why is there a crown on the official hat of the Qing Dynasty and a bunch of flowers behind it?
The official hat before the Qing Dynasty is our common black hat. Black hat is a hat made of black gauze, which was originally an ordinary civilian hat. Originated from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he became emperor. All the officials working in the palace wear a kind of hat called their jobs. In the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, this kind of hat became popular, and their work became a kind of hat that people often wore. Their work began in the Sui Dynasty and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty.
Song Taizu acceded to the throne, in order to avoid the courtiers whispering, he ordered to add a wing on each side of their jobs. As long as someone's head moves, the soft wings will tremble, and the emperor will be condescending and clear at a glance. In the Ming Dynasty, their jobs were first designated as official hats, and ordinary people could no longer wear them. Such as "Ming history? Yu Fuzhi uploaded: "The civil and military officials are always wearing uniforms, and Hongwu will be fixed for three years. Anyone who often looks at things in court will take his job, league collar and belt as a public uniform. "Their work has become synonymous with official positions.
In the Qing dynasty, due to different nationalities, the Qing emperor changed his crown to suit, mainly Manchu costumes. The official hat is also completely different from the Ming Dynasty. Instead, the hat was replaced with a bunch of flower feathers, called "wearing flower feathers on the top". There are two kinds of official hats in Qing dynasty: the imperial crown worn by the imperial court and the auspicious crown worn at ordinary times, namely the top hat and the cap. These two kinds of hats are available in winter and summer respectively.
The top hat worn by Qing officials, also known as the top hat, has two styles: warm in winter and cool in summer. According to the regulations, cool hats are worn in March and warm hats are changed in August every year. Warm hats are mostly round, decorated with red tassels in the middle, beaded on the top and upturned brim. The brim is made of leather, woolen cloth, flannel and satin. Cool hats are mostly conical hats, which are woven with jade grass, bamboo silk or rattan silk. The outer cover is mostly white, and there are also lake blue and yellow, and the top is decorated with red tassels and terminal beads.
Top-wearing and Hualing are the crown ornaments of official products in Qing Dynasty, and they are also important signs to distinguish the size of official ranks. In the Qing Dynasty, the official rank was distinguished according to the color and texture of the crown beads on the hat, which was called "top wear" and could also be used as the top belt, coat and crown beads, that is, the ornaments installed in the center of the official hat.
The crown is divided into three layers, the top is a pointed gem, the middle is a spherical gem, and the bottom is a metal base; The Giffordshire Crown has only two parts: spherical jewelry and a metal base. The base is made of gold and copper and engraved with patterns. According to the etiquette of the Qing Dynasty, the quality of the Ding Zhu is mainly precious stones, the first is ruby, the second is coral, the third is sapphire, the fourth is lapis lazuli, the fifth is crystal, the sixth is dragonfly, the seventh is plain gold, the eighth is engraved with negative lines, and the ninth is engraved with positive lines. Without Guanzhu, there is no official product.
In addition, the official hats of the Qing dynasty were all equipped with feather tubes under the top beads, with the purpose of placing flower feathers. The sleeve is about two inches long and cylindrical. The jade tubes worn by civil and military officials are all made of jade, ivory or glass. At that time, jade tubes were the most precious and popular, but the quality of officials was low and only rubies were allowed.
Yulingguan (network picture)
There are two kinds of feathers on the ceremonial crowns of officials in Qing Dynasty, namely "Hualing" and "Lanling", also known as Zi Ling, among which Hualing is the most expensive. Hualing is made of peacock feathers, commonly known as peacock feathers; Blue feathers are made of owl feathers, so it is called blue. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao continued to record Xiao Ting. Hualing Lanling customized upload: "Those who command guards, guards, pioneer camps, firearms camps and guards above level 5 are crowned with Peacock Hualing, and those below level 6 are crowned with Feather Lanling for identification."
Therefore, Lan Ling is a bodyguard officer who works in the palace under six grades, and can also be awarded to lower-level heroes. But later, I gave it to you, and I paid for it.
Peacock feathers have eye-shaped circles, and one circle counts as one eye, so flower feathers are divided into one eye, two eyes and three eyes, and the three eyes are the most distinguished. Therefore, Hualing mainly distinguishes the ranks of officials by their eyes. Such as "Qing Hui Dian". Make four. Guanfu "uploaded:" Peacock feather, with three circles at the end, Beizi wears it. Secondary writers, Zhen Guogong, Fu Guogong and He Shuo all wear them. The whole article is accompanied by the author, the minister, the first, second, third and fourth guards, the commander of the vanguard guards, the guards of the participating generals, the vanguard guards, the princes, the scattered riders and the first-class guards. The roots are decorated with blue feathers. "
Hualing was originally a crown ornament given by the Qing emperor to meritorious ministers or nobles, representing glory and official rank. Hualing has the function of showing official rank and rewarding meritorious service, so its regulations are strict and you can't wear it at will. If anyone wears clothes, they will be sent to the official department for severe punishment. If he is punished, he will be relieved of all his duties.
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the expansion of the reward scope of Hualing, it was not as noble as before, and officials with more than five products could get the dress of Hualing without honor and charity. Later, after the first Opium War, the treasury was empty, and donations were large, so you could use money to buy Hualingdai.