1, looking at the sunshine, there are some foggy things in jade, like cotton wool.

2. Jade is very hard, like a diamond, so you can draw a series of marks on the glass.

3, jade is cold, put a head on the jade, burn it with a lighter, and burn it with the jade head all the time.

Classification of jade:

Jade can be divided into nephrite and jadeite, which are two different minerals. The colors of nephrite are translucent white, yellow, green and black, and the colors are evenly distributed. As for jadeite, there are mainly white, purple, yellow and green, and the uniformity of color distribution among different germplasm will be different.

The vast majority of jades produced in China are nephrite, and "sheep fat white jade" is a treasure in nephrite, with delicate texture and white color. Many exquisite jade works of art are carved from nephrite.

Jadeite is mainly produced in Myanmar and is even rarer than nephrite. Because jade is superior to nephrite in quality, color and price, jade ornaments on the market are mainly jade, and the demand of consumers is very great, so we focus on jadeite.

Appreciate jade:

The appreciation of jadeite should pay attention to color and germplasm, which can be subdivided into color, transparency, clarity, cutting and cracking, generally starting with its color.

colour

Color is the most important factor affecting the value of jadeite, and the color of jadeite can be evaluated from the following four areas:

Purity: Purity refers to the ratio of primary color to secondary color of jadeite. Take green jadeite as an example, pure green is the best, followed by yellow or blue, and gray is the worst.

Appropriate shade: when it comes to the depth of color, of course, the thicker the better. But if the color is too thick, it will have the opposite effect and reduce the quality of jade.

Be bright: the brighter the color of jade, the more attractive it is. The more gray or black it contains, the darker the color.

Uniform: The more uniform the color distribution, the better, and the higher the value.

transparency

The transparency of jadeite affects the refraction of light, thus affecting the overall aesthetic feeling. When the light enters the transparent and delicate jade, it will reflect beautiful light, which will make people feel the crystal clear of jade and greatly increase its aesthetic feeling. On the contrary, if light meets jadeite with low transparency and rough texture, it will reflect dark light, which will greatly reduce the attractiveness of jadeite.

clean

Cleanliness refers to the defects contained in jadeite, mainly white and black, which are caused by other minerals contained in jadeite. Relatively speaking, black defects are more ugly than white ones. The less impurities in jadeite, the better.

incision

The processing of jadeite products can be divided into two categories: light body and carving. Because the surface of the bare finished product is not covered, the requirements for raw materials are high. In addition to no cracks, the proportion of cutting work, the thickness of the product and whether it is symmetrical are also very important, which can affect the appearance of the finished jade. For example, the sliced "egg noodles" should not be too thick or too thin, and the position of the "pot" should be in the middle and the proportion should be moderate.

The evaluation of flowers mainly measures their aesthetic feeling and the fineness of carving. Usually, jadeite with cracks will be carved to cover up its defects.

crack

Cracks will greatly reduce the value of jadeite. If there is a crack in the jade jewelry, it may crack along the crack if it is slightly collided. Therefore, you need to be extra careful when buying jade ornaments. Generally speaking, with a flashlight, it is easy to detect the existence of cracks.

High-quality jadeite can be sold at a considerable price, but the supply in the market is limited. In order to get better profits, some businessmen do not hesitate to manually treat jadeite. So commodities A, B and C appeared in the market.

Artificial jadeite

C goods

C goods refer to fake colored jade that has been artificially colored. The method is to infiltrate the dye into the colorless jadeite at high temperature and high pressure, so that all or part of it is dyed into emerald green or purple, but its color will fade and become dim with time.

Class b goods

B refers to the chemical removal of jadeite with defects, impurities and yellow parts on the surface, leaving only the original green and white elements, and then injecting epoxy resin glue into jadeite as consolidation, so that the whole jadeite looks more transparent and the color is more vivid. Because the interior of jade has been destroyed in the process of chemical treatment, the structure has become loose, so B goods are prone to cracks on the surface. In addition, if dyes are added during the treatment, it is called B+C goods.

natural jadeite

A goods

A goods refer to natural jadeite that has not been artificially treated at all.

In the long-term practice of jade processing and production, the predecessors of China's jewelry industry have summarized a lot of experience about jade, and expressed these characteristics of jade in the form of concise aphorisms. Remembering these maxims and being able to understand and appreciate their profound connotations will benefit you for life.

Don't look at the color under the lamp.

In fact, any jewelry should not be evaluated under the lamp. This is especially important for jadeite. This is because the color of jadeite, especially the color of jadeite such as flashing gray, flashing blue and oil blue, has a much better visual effect under light than under natural light. Therefore, under the light, we can only look at the cracks, water head length, reflection degree or other characteristics of jadeite. But to investigate and evaluate the green color of jadeite under natural light.

The color difference is first-class, and the price difference is ten times.

For high-grade jadeite, the price difference is more than ten times. For example: a 500,000 yuan jade ring face and a 5 million yuan jade ring face, what is the quality of jade? Style, size, planting moisture and defects are all first-class and impeccable, and the key to the price difference between them lies in the level of green. How to recognize and distinguish the differences between emerald green is extremely important, at least we have seen and experienced it. "Look more and buy less" For the purchase of jadeite original stone, "look more" is a selection process; It is a comparative process; It is also a process of experience accumulation and verification; It is the premise of "buying". "Buy less" does not mean not buying, but reminding you to "look" before buying. "It is better to buy a large film than to buy a thread". For the green shape feature in the jadeite original stone, "a line"? Green belt and "a large area" of skin green are two manifestations of the same green form. Are they "lines"? Standing and "patting" The difference between lying and lying. The thickness of "line" is known, but the depth is unknown; The area of the "sheet" is known, but the thickness is unknown. The key to the motto is to remind people not to be confused by the green "more" and "less" on the surface of jadeite, but to recognize the essence of green "standing" and "lying". So, I don't really buy a large piece of green jade, but I remind you not to expect too much from the thickness of green.

Ancient jade appraisal has several points:

First, process trace identification

Second, the oxidation identification

Third, the identification of condensed water

Fourth, the evaluation of artistic level.

Five, Qin color identification

Sixth, odor recognition.

Which is divided into (1), modeling and discrimination. (2), jade, jade material discrimination (3), decoration discrimination (4), style discrimination.

The identification of Qin color focuses on learning and understanding the color change between ancient jade and objects that have been in contact with various storage environments for a long time, but it is actually a physical phenomenon, and the natural quality change it produces is color change. We usually call it "Qin color". For example, ancient jade stored in red paint may be red, black paint may produce black, and buried in loess may produce yellowish brown mud. Observing under strong white light, Qin color usually occurs in the place where jade contact is weak or naturally cleavage wrinkles. Then along the cleavage or fissure, the penetration expands, which can seriously soak the whole organ, which is called "total immersion". After playing, the color is bright, and the color of the piano mostly changes from gray to red. The important point is: under normal circumstances, genuine products are relatively simple; The darker the color, the more chaotic the piano color and the bright piano color are questionable. Even if the real jade has cleavage and cracks, it is not a contact part and does not necessarily have bright colors. Imitate the color of the piano by chemical or physical methods, usually the whole piano. There is also local soft mud, which is characterized by its Qin color. It is not necessary to burn pseudo-ooze in the soft rib or crack of jade. This can be observed under intense white light. However, it is useful to forge the Qin color by laser along the cleavage or fold of jade with high technology. Another point is that the storage environment of jade is dry or jade is dense. Look at the color: natural jadeite has natural color, uneven distribution, prolonged green trend and generally no fluorescence.

Look at the polished surface: the polished surface of natural jadeite is fine and smooth, with grease showing a strong glass luster. If you look closely at the polished surface, you can usually see the mottled crystal interwoven structure. In general, the variegated crystal particles of the same jadeite are uniform in size; At the same time, slightly transparent to opaque white fibrous crystals can be seen, commonly known as "stone flowers".

Listen to the sound: tap the natural jade gently, making a crisp and pleasant sound. If it is artificially processed, it will make a dull sound.

In addition, because of the high density of jadeite, it feels like a thug by hand; Jade has a strong water-holding ability. When it drops on it, the water drops protrude higher.

At the same time, experts remind consumers that when buying high-priced jewelry and jade, they should choose regular and well-known jewelry stores or large and reputable shopping malls. Also remember to ask the merchant for the jewelry and jade appraisal certificate with "CMA" and "CAL" marks. Usually, every precious piece of jewelry and jade has a certificate to ensure that the purchased jewelry and jade are consistent with the certificate, and the certificate is accompanied by photos.

First-class jade, moist, thorough and greasy, is moist in your hand. The main method to identify the authenticity is to use a magnifying glass or microscope to see that there is a fiber interwoven structure inside the jade, and the particles are fine; Artificial glass has no structure and bubbles can be seen. You can also carve it in an inconspicuous place with a knife. What can be carved must be fake jade, but what cannot be carved is real jade. As the saying goes, "Gold is valuable, but jade is priceless". Because the top grade Hetian jade is getting scarce, it can reach tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan per kilogram, while the average Qinghai white jade and Russian white jade are only a few thousand yuan per kilogram, so some people mix it with Hetian jade. The minerals of these jadeites are basically the same as Hetian jade, but the surface color is dark and not soft, which will be even dimmer after a long time.

Old jade and new jade can be distinguished from two aspects. There is an oxidized jade skin on the surface of the old jade, commonly known as "patina", which is similar to the skin of autumn pear and obviously different from the natural color of jade, while the new jade does not. Judging from the theme of sculpture, ancient jade is a symbol of rank and power, and there are many mythical flowers, birds and figures, such as dragons and phoenixes. New ones are generally auspicious themes.

Jade has been closely related to China culture since ancient times.

People's interest in jade is not only that it is a crystal clear, colorful and pleasing ornament, because jade has wealth effect, is hard currency and has great appreciation potential. In gemmology, people divide it into two categories: jadeite and jade in a narrow sense. There are only two kinds of jade, jadeite (also called jadeite) and nephrite, which are divided into white jade, white jade, jasper and jet according to different colors. Others, such as agate, pith, jadeite, turquoise and lapis lazuli, belong to general jade. Most importantly, there are three levels of identification problems in purchasing jadeite and nephrite.

Is it really jade or nephrite?

You know, there are a lot of counterfeit products that look like jadeite and nephrite on the market now. Some are completely different from jadeite and nephrite in material composition, but there are some similar natural substitutes in appearance, such as Australian jade, albite jade (commonly known as water foam) and Wulan Cuimayu. Can be used to impersonate white jade, afghanistan white jade, white marble, etc. Although the appearance of these substitutes is very similar to that of genuine products, they also have certain self-value, but because their quality is not as good as that of genuine products, or because of their abundant output in nature, they cannot be compared with genuine products in market price. If you buy them back as natural jadeite or white jade, you will naturally suffer. Some imitations are completely artificial, such as using green glass as jade.

Distinguish artificially beautified jade

The so-called "B-grade jadeite and C-grade jadeite" are real natural jadeites, but their raw materials are relatively poor. In order to improve its appreciation and decoration, people have beautified it to varying degrees. Among them, B jadeite is used to wash some jadeites with low transparency and deep color with strong acid, so that some impurities are washed away, thus improving the transparency and making the color more gorgeous. However, the strength of jadeite will be damaged, so it is necessary to inject resin curing agent into jadeite under vacuum to improve its strength. Therefore, the goods B are actually the jadeite with acid pickling and glue injection. Although this kind of jadeite is very ornamental and decorative, after all, its strength is damaged and it is not durable, so it can't be compared with the real completely natural A-grade jadeite in price. Grade C jadeite is a low grade jadeite. It didn't have a beautiful color at first, but the color we see now is artificially dyed later, so the price is lower. White jade is simpler than jade on this issue. It is common to give it a sugar color (brown like brown sugar) to pretend to be a high-priced sub-white jade.

Jade is of good quality.

This is a complicated subject, involving several evaluation factors. The first is color. For jadeite, pure emerald is better. The closer green is to the requirements of consistency, integrity, integrity and uniformity, the higher its value is, and sheep fat is the best for white jade. In addition, it depends on their brightness; Whether the texture structure is dense and delicate; Are there impurities, defects and cracks? What are the sizes of these impurities and cracks? Chennai: τ Tan? But also on their block size; More depends on whether their workmanship is good, whether they are famous, whether they are cultural relics left over from ancient times, and so on. Because of these differences, the price of two completely natural jadeites or white jade of the same size will be very different.

In fact, the best way to avoid being cheated is to ask the merchant to provide an authoritative appraisal certificate when you buy jade. If not, then you should ask him to clearly specify the correct name of the goods purchased on the invoice. In this way, after you buy, if you look for an appraisal department and find that it does not match the name of the purchased goods, you can return it to the merchant for compensation. If the invoice is ambiguous, for example, the word "jade" is vague, then even if you identify that what you want to buy is not natural A jade or white jade, but B jade or C jade, or even jade or other jade, the merchant will plausibly say that he has not deceived you, because the goods are really made of jade, and then you will eat jade.