The Fourth Dynasty of Byzantine Empire: the Development History of Iraqi Dynasty

Iraqi dynasty (6 10 ~ 7 17), the fourth dynasty of the Eastern Roman Empire.

During his reign, the empire was surrounded and attacked like never before.

In Asia, the Persian Empire continued to attack Byzantium. In 6 1 1 year, Persia occupied Capadocia, then occupied the richest Syrian province in eastern Byzantium and Antioch, the third largest city in the empire, and invaded Egypt and Palestine, taking away the fragments of the most sacred Christian cultural relic "True Cross". The African-born emperor Chirac later recaptured these eastern provinces, but the sudden appearance of the * * * people who had just been unified under the guidance of * * * was unexpected by Chirac.

* * * People wiped out Chilalio's army near Jordan in 636, and then occupied Syria, Egypt and Palestine. The Byzantine Empire lost these territories forever. In 644, * * * troops wiped out the Persian Empire. Half a century later, North Africa fell into their hands. Around 670, * * * people built an aggressive fleet. However, the Byzantine navy still holds the right to control the sea with its secret weapon, the "Greek fire" that later made people feel frightened. In 678, the * * * fleet rushed to the gates of Constantinople, and nearly two-thirds of the ships were destroyed by Greek artillery. During the retreat, it was attacked by a storm and pursued by the Byzantine navy, and almost all the troops were wiped out. The army suffered the worst defeat since the beginning of the "jihad" and was forced to sign a 30-year peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire.

During the reign of Emperor Chilalio, the Byzantine Empire completed the transition from the late Roman Empire to the Hellenistic Middle Ages. He reformed the military system and administrative management, and implemented the military land system, that is, land was granted to non-commissioned officers from farmers. In exchange, these people must perform military service. This practice consolidated the military strength of Byzantium. In Greece, Thrace, Macedonia and other regions, Chirac slightly promoted the military administrative state (Marseille) system and established a series of administrative units under the jurisdiction of military generals. The governors of each state were directly appointed by the emperor. With the establishment of Marseille, the empire consolidated its rule over the western territory hit by Slavs, Huns and Avars, and expanded the territory of the country.

In the late Chilalio dynasty, civil strife broke out again in the empire. During the 22 years from 694 to 7 16, the emperor changed six times. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Byzantine Empire was on the verge of extinction, and its territory was reduced to Constantinople and its surrounding areas, and several ports in East Thrace, Greece, southern Italy and Sicily. In the latter two places, there are thousands of refugees from the Balkans and Greece, and hundreds of thousands of Christian refugees who have escaped from Syria, Egypt and Carthage. As was the case a hundred years ago, in the early 8th century, sea power was the factor to save the Byzantine Empire from extinction and resurrection. Sea power maintains the legacy of the political unification of the former empire, and it protects the commercial activities in the Mediterranean from threats.

In 7 17, the last emperor Diodo Sius III was deposed by the Syrian military commander Leo III.

List of emperors

1. Chiralius (6 10-64 1)

2. Constantine III (64 1 year)

3. Chirac Lyon (64 1)

4. Constantine II (64 1-668)

5. Constantine IV (668-685)

Justinian II (685-694)

7. Leontes (694-698)

8. Tiberius III (698-705)

9. Justinian II (705-7 1 1 year) (reset)

10. Chief Operating Officer of Filipi (7 1 1 year -7 13 years)