Hui Zong, regardless of state affairs, handed over all government affairs to six thieves headed by Cai Jing. Cai Jing banned the party and excluded dissidents in the name of restoring the new law. On the second day after Cai Jing ascended the throne, he issued an imperial edict prohibiting the laws of Yuan You. This is the so-called Yuan You traitor case. Therefore, honest ministers are excluded from the political center. Hui Zong himself was overjoyed. When he saw that Liao was attacked by Jin, it was convenient to reunite with him. In the spring of the first year, he sent envoys to Dengzhou to cross the sea to Jin. The two sides discussed that the two countries would jointly attack the Liao country, and Nanjing and Xijing were responsible for attacking the Liao country in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the demise of Liao, the land was returned to Song, and the old coins given to Liao by Song were replaced by gold. This is the maritime alliance. However, Song Jun was defeated. In the end, the nomads from the army plundered the population of Yanjing and deducted the three states of Ying, Ping and Luanhe. In the seventh year of Xuanhe, nomadic people attacked the Song Dynasty in two ways. Evonne was so scared that he immediately inherited his son Qinzong. Qin Zong wavered between war and peace. Later, in desperation, Li Gang was activated to defend Tokyo. Although he won for a time, the ruler did not give up and went south twice. In September of the first year of Jingkang, Taiyuan fell. In November, the outer city of Kaifeng fell, and 8 Jin Army forced Qin Zong to make peace. On the 30th of November, Qin Zong was forced to make peace in Jinying and returned three days later. The gold digger demanded a lot of gold and silver. Qin zong therefore plundered property in Kaifeng city. Kaifeng city was besieged by the Jin army, and epidemic diseases prevailed in the city, and many people starved to death. On February 6th, the second year of Jingkang, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were abolished and demoted to. On the 7th, Hui Zong was forced to go to Jin Ying. The Jin Dynasty established another Zhang Bangchang and a puppet regime called "Da Chu". Two cases of Qin Hui were captured by the Jin people and taken to the Five Kingdoms City, which is called "Jingkang Change" in history. Hui Zong was made faithful and faithful, and Qin Zong was made faithful and faithful. The last two people died in a foreign land, Wu Guocheng.
Although Hui Zong has made no achievements in politics, there is no doubt that his accomplishments in painting and calligraphy are unparalleled. Hui Zong's calligraphy and painting play an important role in the art history of China. Hui Zong created "Thin Gold Style", attaching importance to calligraphy and painting. The status of Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute has been greatly improved, and Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter and author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, was promoted by him. Even his son Zhao Gou was edified and became an outstanding calligrapher.
At the same time, peasant uprisings are surging. As early as the beginning of Song Huizong's accession to the throne, in some places in Henan (now Luoyang City) near the capital, "thieves steal businessmen and kill people without forgiveness" ("Essays on Yong 'an County Bandits" by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), after the establishment of the State of Jing (11year), Hebei, China. After Xuanhe (119), the peasant uprising broke out in a wider range, more times and on a larger scale. In Zhejiang and other places, there were uprisings in Fang La, Lv Shirang, Qiu Daoren and Lu Hange, and the number of insurgents reached one million. In JD.COM and other places, there were uprisings in Sung River, Jin Jia and Zhang Xian, with hundreds of thousands of people. Hebei and other places have uprisings such as Gaotuoshan and Johnny; Kyung Jae, Kyung ...
Famous celebrities include Li Gang and Zhongshidao.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, a famous scholar said.
Zhongshidao (1051~1126) was a famous soldier in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Uncle Yi is from Luoyang. Make up for the third shift of Yin, and then know Deshun Army. In the sixth year of Zheng He (1 1 16), he was promoted to the position of commander-in-chief of Long Shenwei and magistrate of a county (now Pingliang, Gansu). In eight years, Hui Zong ordered his army to build Xi Weiping City, but the city was built before Xia Jun suddenly arrived. He pretended to have a decisive battle with Xia Jun, and secretly sent Qu Chong to lead the army out of Xia Jun's flank, threatening to send reinforcements to Song Dynasty. When Xia Jun hesitated, he ordered Yang to lead the troops out, and Yao led the elite to ride and attack, and defeated Xia Jun. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), 8 Jin Army went south in a big way, and Song Ting ordered both capital city and Hebei to be teachers, with a rate of15,000 people to Tokyo (now Kaifeng) for reinforcements. When Zhong Shi entered Luoyang, he heard that 8 Jin J had arrived at the gates of Tokyo, so he used the plan of "Yinbing" to claim to be a million-strong army and made great strides to the south of Bianshui. 8 jin j don't know the actual situation, move village since solid. Since the teacher came to Beijing, the court has made peace with the ruler. When 8 jin j returned to the division, it was suggested to attack it with its half crossing, but Qin Zong refused. When 8 jin j retreated, hedong's officers were ordered to be sent to hebei province, out of tunhua state (now huaxian county, henan province). He suggested that the imperial court should station troops in Cang (now Cang County, Hebei Province) and Wei (now Jixian County, Henan Province) to prevent the Jin Army from attacking again. Song Ting thought that Jin Jun was going to retire at the beginning, and the job was not suitable, so there was no adoption. Soon, Jin Jun attacked again, and he asked Qin Zong to take refuge in Chang 'an (Jin 'an) for the time being. The court thought the seed teacher was afraid of the enemy and called him back. He died in the same year 10. (Source:/result/shizhai/ap32548267.html)
The great warrior of the seed family-the seed teacher knew that the warrior had a plan but was captured by the enemy-the great warrior of the ch6ng Dynasty, the seed teacher Dao (pronounced as "seed"), was born in Luoyang. Born in the third year of your life (105 1) and died in the first year of Jingkang (1 126), he was a famous soldier at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Three generations were famous soldiers in the northwest, and grandfather Zhong was a general guarding Xixia. Zhong Shidao is a new civil servant. Because of his strategy, he switched to Wu Zhi and became a famous soldier after resisting Xixia. In the first year of Jingkang, Jin Bing went south. He was appointed as the special envoy of Hebei Province, both the capital and Hebei Province. He urged the people to resist Jin and won the support of the people. He was affectionately called "the old seed". The military power was relieved after the capital was cleared. Then the capital fell, and soon the teacher died of illness. Zhong Shidao studied as a teacher with Zhang Zai, a thinker and philosopher. He himself is mainly Confucian, and he also combines Taoism and law. Step career, Xizhou (now Didao, Gansu) was promoted first, and then Yuanzhou (now Guyuan, Ningxia) and Qin Feng Road (namely Shaanxi Road, governing Jingzhao, namely Chang 'an, Shaanxi) and other posts. Later, he offended the traitor Cai Jing and was accused of "slandering martyrs", so he failed to join the party and was banned for ten years. Later, he was appointed as the commander of Huaide Army in Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province) and Jingyuan (now Jingyuan, Ningxia), and was stationed at the border between Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia. Since then, the teacher has changed from a local governor to a general with troops. Xixia arise, eyeing the central plains, Song Huizong ordered a surname Tong Guan rate army conquest. Tong Guan, who looks imposing, is actually bluffing. Hui Zong was not at ease, so he called Teacher seed to ask about the strategy. The seed teacher replied: "Xixia invaded the Central Plains, and we can fight back; But it is really difficult for us to win the crusade against Xixia. It is not the best policy to act rashly and create trouble. " Song Huizong told Tong Guan the advice of Zhongshidao, but Tong Guan refused to listen! I also want to select archers from the mainland to enrich the new frontier fortress. Song Huizong saw that Tong Guan was really making trouble, so he asked the advice of Zhongshidao again. Zhong Shidao said insightful: "I am worried that the deployment of troops in the mainland has not been successful, and the worrying thing about border defense has already happened." Hui Zong thought it was very reasonable, so he gave him a uniform with a gold belt and praised him, saying, "The teacher is a general I personally selected." Zhongshidao was also promoted to be an archer in Qin Feng, and was placed in the Fifth Road as an official. Tong Guan was very unhappy when he heard about it, so he didn't dare to take the responsibility when he heard about it. Song Huizong was appointed as the magistrate of Chongfu Palace, and then served as the magistrate of Xi 'an (now Haiyuan, Gansu). Since then, Zhongshidao has been in charge of the capital under Tong Guan (leading the troops as commander-in-chief, the soldiers will be saved, and the Song system sent troops to worship Shuai and give him a handsome seal; The soldiers took back the handsome seal and cancelled the relieving), and worshipped the Baojing army as our time. Tong Guan intends to cut Liao again. At that time, Liao was being harassed by the Jurchen nationality, and it was approaching step by step. Zhong Shidao dissuaded Tong Guan from saying, "For example, a gang of robbers in our neighbor's house are robbing property. Instead of helping others, we took advantage of others' danger to join a gang of robbers and intervene in robbery, which is really not what the righteous teacher did. "Tong Guan, insist on cutting liao. Liao army prepared, clamoring, unstoppable, unstoppable. Fortunately, the teacher's road was equipped with a sledgehammer in advance, avoiding a fiasco. Soon, Song, the messenger sent by Liao, made peace and * * * dealt with Nuzhen. Zhong Shidao suggested that Tong Guan agree to Liao's request, but Tong Guan not only refused to listen, but also privately collaborated with Zhong Shidao. The traitor Zhou Wang couldn't tell the truth from the false and flew into a rage. He immediately cut his post as a seed teacher and was appointed as the three cities of Heyang at that time (Heyang, now Mengzhou, Henan; Cheng Nan, North City and Zhong Bing were replaced by Liu Yanqing. It was not until Liu Yanqing's fiasco that Song Huizong remembered his words "General who mobilized himself", so he began to use Zhongshidao as the secretariat of Xianzhou (now Jingle South, Shanxi Province) and Zhihuan State (now Huanxian County, Gansu Province), and resumed Zhongshidao Baojing Army (now northwest Lingwu, Ningxia) as our time. In the early spring of the eighth year of Xuanhe, Hui Zong (1 126), Jin Bing surrounded Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, with lightning speed. Cowardly and obsequious, Song Huizong saw the enemy Enemy at the Gates and fled for his life in panic, surrounded by Tong Guan and others. Song Qinzong (changed to Jingkang), who succeeded to the throne, lived in fear all day, waiting for the arrival of loyal troops from all walks of life in the cold wind, hay, dead trees and cold atmosphere. Zhongshidao led the new troops of West Road to fight day and night. When I arrived in Xijing Luoyang, I realized that nomadic people were stationed at the gates of Kaifeng. The staff suggested: "The nomadic people are fierce, and our department can temporarily stay in Surabaya (now northwest of Surabaya, Henan Province) to ensure safety. "The breeder said," The presence of Sishui just shows that we are outnumbered and foolhardy; Go forward, but let nomads from speculation, unpredictable. Moreover, it will boost Beijing's morale when it learns that reinforcements are coming. How can our department worry about the enemy? We should not only advance, but also create public opinion, which is overwhelming and overwhelming. "The troops continued to move forward, distributing leaflets (revealing the list) along the way, claiming that" planting less insurance and attracting a million troops "arrived in the west of Kaifeng. The army of nomads from the West Road led by Zhongshidao was aggressive and flooded in, so it moved slightly north and did not dare to make a move. When Zhongshidao led troops to Kaifengfu, Song Qinzong sent a group of ministers to meet and entertain the soldiers. When the Taoist met Qin Zong, Qin Zong asked, "Jin Jun is under siege. What do you think of the current state affairs? "The seed teacher replied," Jin people don't understand the art of war. Going deep alone is suicidal. How can you let him go home for nothing! Qin zong said: "I have decided to make peace, and it is better to compromise with Jin people." Zhong Shidao was shocked. I thought that "peace" and "compromise" were actually surrender, and he dared not say it. After a while, he replied: "I am a soldier. My duty is to defend the country and your majesty in the Song Dynasty. I don't know the rest. Qin Zong was very happy when he heard this, so he asked the seed teacher to be a proofreader and the subordinate Fu to be the Privy Council in Gyeonggi, Hebei and Hedong. The commander was actually the marshal of the military forces at that time. All the armies arrived in Kaifeng one after another, but the heavy troops led by General Dao Di Zhong have not arrived yet because of the long journey. Zhong Shidao thought that after all the loyal troops arrived, they would discuss the countermeasures to defeat the enemy. Unexpectedly, after Yao Zhongping (also known as Zhong Ping), the leader of Xihe (now Gansu), arrived in Beijing, he immediately proposed "peace, no war; The war should be carried out as soon as possible, and it was approved by Li Gang, assistant minister of the Ministry of War. The seed teacher is sophisticated and cautious in using troops. He believes that "to defeat the enemy without fighting and to make peace without fighting" is extremely impatient and rash. However, Qin zong was even more impatient and repeatedly urged the breeder to play. The breeder's way has repeatedly explained the truth and interests, and it is not too late to concentrate the superior forces when the breeder leads the troops into Beijing. However, Qin Zong made up his mind to attack Jin Junying immediately. Because nomads from early preparation, as a result, Song Jun was defeated. At that time, in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Li Gang in literature and teachers in martial arts. If the monarch, the minister and Qi Xin are United from top to bottom, it is entirely possible to resist the nomads from afar. However, the Northern Song Dynasty was on the verge of despair, the monarch was confused and the ministers were treacherous. After Song Jun's defeat, Zhong Shidao thought he could clean up the mess. He said to Qin Zong and the Prime Minister, "Although you are defeated today, you will attack again tomorrow night. If you take it by surprise, the herdsmen will be hard to guard against." Qin Zong kept silent, but Li Bangyan firmly opposed it and advocated immediate surrender to the Jin people. He also instigated Qin Zong to recall Li Gang. The surrender of Song Qinzong and Li Bangyan aroused the anger of the soldiers and civilians in Beijing, unanimously demanding the removal of Li Bangyan and the use of the hawkish Li Gang to take charge of the military power of Zhongshi Island. Qinzong was forced to reinstate Li Gang. The soldiers and civilians shouted: "We want Li Gang, we want adults, not Li Bangyan!" The general rushed among the soldiers and civilians, and the spectacular scene made the teacher shed tears. Li Gang and Zhong Shidao immediately ordered: Anyone who kills the enemy bravely will be rewarded! The nomads from the army and the people were angry. Seeing that Li Gang and Zhongshi were in power, they ordered to retreat. Tokyo's military and civilian defense war left a glorious historical chapter. Nomads from the North, Tao thought it should be a good opportunity to pursue 56 points, and they could get together at the chaotic moment when nomads from the Yellow River crossed. However, Qin Zong was worried that the northern nomads would come back and get into trouble again. Instead of listening to the general's advice, he took back the general's handsome seal again. In the proposal, Cheng asked Qin Zong not to remove the military power of Zhongshidao. Qin Zong thought, "What's the use of being an old teacher?" And ordered Han Xu to visit Zhongshidao. Han Xu met with the general and explained his purpose. Seeing the fall of national survival, Zhong Shidao analyzed the military situation of both sides according to the situation and talked about his own views. He thought, "Our army is outnumbered. We can guard the main roads, divide our troops and camps, and cut off the route for providing grain, so we can win. Hearing this, Han Xu felt that the old general was flexible, clear-headed and not senile. At this moment, the nomads from the south, Qin zong had to use the way of seed teacher, sent him to the front to resist the nomads from the south. Zhong Shidao put national security first, regardless of old age and physical decline, accepted the appointment of Qin Zong and quickly took office. Before he left, he wrote to Qin Zong, asking the court to allow him to concentrate superior forces to break the enemy, and to deploy military forces from Guanzhong, Hebei and Hedong, and to fortify along the lines of Cang (now Cangzhou, Hebei), Wei (now Puyang, Henan), Meng (now Mengzhou, Henan) and Slip (now Yanshi, Henan) to prevent the nomads from coming. However, the ignorant and mediocre people in Manchu thought that nomadic people had retired and there was no need to mobilize the masses. Therefore, the correct advice of Zhongshidao has not been adopted, and it is difficult to win an unguarded battle. Just as Tao was in a dilemma, there was bad news. His younger brother, General Zhong Shi, died in Yuci (now Shaanxi Province). After Taiyuan was captured by nomadic people, Qin Zong hit the stone road to patrol the border defense. Zhong Shidao estimated that nomadic people would attack Tokyo on a large scale, and hurriedly invited Qin Zong to Chang 'an to take shelter from the wind. However, the courtiers said that Zhong Shidao was timid, so he was recalled to Tokyo by Qin Zong. This kind of general is depressed and seriously ill because of the dusty journey. He died at the age of 76 shortly after arriving in Beijing. Due to the fatuity of the Northern Song Emperor and the treacherous court officials under Zaifu, he refused to adopt the advice of Zhongshidao at every critical moment and refused to accept it. Shortly after the death of Zhongshidao, Jin people crossed the Yellow River in November of that year. Kang Wang (Zhao Gou) and Jin Yihe were summoned by Qin Zong. 1 1 month, jinbing surrounded Tokyo. I wrote to the defenders of Hebei Province that they should try their best to help the soldiers and civilians, but they found nothing. At the end of the month, Hebei Jinbing was trapped in the capital. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the loyalists were in chaos. Kang Wang opened the Grand Marshal's Mansion in Xiangzhou (now Anyang, Henan), seized gold and silk from the capital, and ceded the two rivers to gold. At this time, Qin Zong, a vassal in Cangzhou, said with regret: "Because I didn't listen to the general, I ended up in such a miserable end." Then, he knelt in front of the nomads from.
Li gang, a famous minister in song dynasty
At the end of the northern song dynasty and the beginning of the southern song dynasty, he resisted the famous officials of Jin dynasty. Zi Ji Bo, a native of Shaowu, Fujian, is a national hero. Song Huizong Zhenghe was a scholar for two years (1 1 12). Li Guan is too ordinary and too young. Awarded to assistant minister of the Ministry of war and minister you cheng. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), when nomads invaded Bianjing, they served as the garrison on the four walls of the capital, uniting the army and the people and repelling the nomads. But it was quickly rejected by the capitulators. At the beginning of Song Gaozong's accession to the throne, he served as prime minister, trying to innovate the internal affairs. In just 75 days, he was fired. In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), he was re-appointed as the ambassador of Fu Xuan, also known as Tanzhou. Soon, he stopped. Many times, Chen Kangjin's plan was not adopted. Died of depression. The famous patriotic national hero in Song Dynasty was able to write poems and wrote many patriotic chapters. Yi Neng Ci, whose historical works are vivid in image and vigorous in style. The representative works are Liu Yao Ling, Shui Diao Ge Tou ([1], [3] and [6]), Shui Long Yin (3), Yu Yue Yong, Jiangchengzi ([2] and [7]) and Nian Nujiao. Among them, Liu Yaoling takes the high-rise buildings of Song Yue and Yushu Zhongshu Ancient Temple as the background, which sets off the poet's feelings of "the rise and fall of the Sixth World is like a dream, and the bright moon is shocked by the time" and the unyielding ethics of "although this ambition is far from cold, it is difficult to win", which is awe-inspiring. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Liang, Biographies of Jingkang and Liangxi Ci.
Zheng He was a scholar in the second year (1 1 12). During five years, he served as a supervisor in the hall of ministers, and was soon dismissed for discussing state faults. In the first year of Xuanhe (1 1 19), Shangshu asked the imperial court to pay attention to the problem of domestic troubles and foreign invasion, which was considered inappropriate by Evonne, Song Huizong, and was supervised by the tax authorities of Shaxian County, Nanjianfu.
In July of the 7th year of Xuanhe, Li Gang was recalled to North Korea, and he was appointed as Taichang Shao Qing. In the winter of that year, the nomads from two roads attacked the Song Dynasty, and Wan Yan and Wang Zong led the East Route Army into the capital of song dynasty.
In the case of panic in Song Ting, Li Gang proposed to Song Huizong that he should be transferred to Prince Zhao Huan, calling on the military and civilians to resist gold. After Zhao Huan (Song Qinzong) acceded to the throne, Li Gang was promoted to Shangshu Youcheng, and was appointed as a personal expedition, responsible for the defense of Kaifeng Prefecture. He led Kaifeng soldiers and civilians to complete the defense deployment in time, personally went to the city to supervise the war and repel the nomads from the city. Seeing that Kaifeng was difficult to storm, Jin Shuai turned to lure him in, and Song Ting surrendered in humiliation. Li Gang was dismissed from office by Song Qinzong because he resolutely opposed making peace with gold. Due to the angry demonstrations of Kaifeng soldiers and civilians, Li was forced to withdraw the power of attorney and was used again. Unable to break Kaifeng, Wang Zong of Wan Yan withdrew his troops in February of the first year of Jingkang after Song Ting promised to cede three towns in Hebei. Kaifeng's preparations for the war were won under the organization of Li Gang.
After the nomads left, Li Gang was rejected and framed by Song Ting's capitulators. In May of the first year of Jingkang, Song Tingqiang appointed Li Gang as the envoy of Hedong and Hebei in Fu Xuan and expelled Li Gang from North Korea. After Li Gang came to power, Song Ting restricted everything, making Fu Xuan an empty name and unrestrained military power. In September, Li Gang was forced to resign, and Xuan was accused of "being eager to fight the main battle and wasting his time". First, he was responsible for the resettlement of Jianchang Army (now Cheng Nan, Jiangxi) and then moved to Kuizhou (now Baidicheng, Fengjie, Sichuan).
Shortly after Li Gang was demoted, the nomads from the army once again besieged Kaifeng in two ways. On the eve of his capture, Song Qinzong remembered to use Li Gang, and appointed him as a university student in the Prime Minister's Hall to lead Kaifeng House, but to no avail. When Li Gang learned this fate in Changsha, the Northern Song Dynasty had already perished.
Zhao Gou, King Kang, built another court in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan). In order to take advantage of Li Gang's reputation, he was appointed as the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu (right phase). At that time, Li Gang was on his way to Kaifeng. After receiving the appointment, he rushed to Nanjing, tried his best to plan and reorganize the platform for the emperor, organized anti-Jin, and launched a sharp struggle around the emperor and the capitulators such as Huang Qianshan. He opposed surrender, advocated "all peace talks", and severely punished Zhang Bangchang and other Song officials who worked for the nomads from the Song Dynasty to encourage the last festival. In order to strengthen the strength of the anti-gold struggle, he recommended Zongze, a veteran of the resolute anti-Japanese war, to stay in Tokyo and go to Kaifeng to renovate the defense facilities; He also advocated the establishment of Hebei Zhaofu Department and Hedong Economic and Trade Department to support the military and civilian struggle against gold in the two rivers, and recommended Zhang Suo and Fu Liang as Hebei Zhaofu Ambassador and Hedong Economic and Trade Deputy Ambassador respectively. In view of the corruption of military and political affairs and the unclear rewards and punishments since the Northern Song Dynasty, he also promulgated Article 21 of the New Army System, set out to rectify military and political affairs, and suggested setting up command posts along the river, Huaihe River and Yanhe River to implement defense in depth.
Li Gang's rectification of military and political facilities will help the Song Dynasty to prop up the situation, which is acceptable to Song Gaozong. However, Song Gaozong, Wang Boyan and Huang Qian Shan did not allow him to resolutely resist gold and surrender. Therefore, they tried to expel Li Gang. First of all, Li Gang was appointed as the left servant and assistant minister of Shangshu (left phase), and Huang Qian Shan was appointed as the right servant and assistant minister of Zhongshu to contain Li Gang. Then, Zhang Suo and Fu Liang were dismissed, Hebei Zhaofu Department and Hedong Economic Department were revoked, and Li Gang's anti-gold deployment was destroyed and he was forced to resign. Li Gang was expelled from North Korea after only 75 days as prime minister, and was soon exiled to Ezhou (now Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province) and then exiled to Wan 'an Army in Hainan Island (now southeast of Guangdong Province). It was not until the end of three years (1 129) that he was released.
After four years of advice, Li Gang returned to Shaowu to live. Thereafter, from February of the second year (1 132) to Shaoxing for three years, he served as Fu Xuan's ambassador and Zhizhou of Guangnan Road in Jinghu (later changed to Anfu Ambassador of Hunan), and from October of five years to November of seven years, Shaoxing served as appeasement ambassador and Zhizhou of Jiangnan West Road. Although he was excluded, he always cared about state affairs, expounded his political views many times, continued to oppose humiliation and surrender, and supported Yue Fei's resistance to gold. Shaoxing died in the first month of the tenth year.
The vivid reappearance of famous customs at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty is The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.
This painting depicts the prosperity of Bianjing in the Qingming period. It is a witness to the prosperity of Bianjing in that year and a portrayal of the economic situation of the city in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through this painting, we learned about the city appearance of the Northern Song Dynasty and the life of people from all walks of life at that time. In a word, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is of great historical value.
The center of the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival consists of a rainbow-shaped bridge and the street surface of Qiaotou Street. At first glance, crowded and chaotic; A closer look shows that these people are from different industries and engage in various activities. There are some vendors and many tourists on the west side of the bridge. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the stall. There are tea sellers and fortune tellers. Many tourists lean against the railings by the bridge, or point at them, or watch the ships coming and going in the river. On the sidewalk in the middle of the bridge, there are bustling people; There are people who ride cars, ride horses, carry loads, drive donkeys, transport goods and push unicycles ... The south side of the bridge is connected with the street. On both sides of the street are teahouses, pubs, pawn shops and workshops. There are many vendors with big umbrellas in the open spaces on both sides of the street. The street extends eastward and westward to the quiet suburb outside the city, but there are still pedestrians on the street: some are carrying goods, some are driving ox carts to deliver goods, some are driving donkeys to pull trucks, and some stop to watch the scenery of Bianhe River.
There are many boats coming and going on the Bian River, which can be described as a race in Qian Fan. Some are parked near the dock, and some are driving in the river. Some big ships were overloaded, and the owners hired many trackers to tow them. A big ship carrying goods has passed under the bridge and will soon cross bridge opening. At this time, the boatman on this big ship is very busy. Some people stood at the top of the canopy and put down their sails; Some people are struggling to support the pole by the boat; Some people hold the ceiling of bridge opening with long poles, so that the boat can pass safely with the water. This tense scene attracted the attention of tourists on the bridge and nearby boatmen, who stood by and cheered. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly depicts the busy and tense traffic scene on the Bianhe River, adding more vitality to the painting.
In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:
Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population is dense and there are many grain ships. Some people are resting in the teahouse, some are telling fortune, and some are eating in the restaurant. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, pulled by trackers or rowed by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, and some are nervously berthing to unload. Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people are busy lowering the mast so that the ship can pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling, and is really the intersection of land and water transportation.
In the second half, busy city streets:
Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. Silk, jewelry, spices, incense, paper horses and so on all have specialized businesses. In addition, there are medical clinics, car repair, fortune telling, shaving and plastic surgery, and all walks of life have everything. Large-scale shops are also tied up with "colorful buildings and happy doors", and banners are hung to attract business, and pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other. There are businessmen who do business and people who look at street scenes. There are monks walking around with baskets on their backs, tourists asking for directions from other places, street children who have heard of books, children of rich people who drink heavily in restaurants, disabled elderly people begging on the edge of cities, men, women and children, scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen, and so on. Means of transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw, flat car and flatbed car. Vividly displayed in front of people.
In a total of more than five meters long picture scroll, * * * painted more than 550 people of various colors, including fifty or sixty cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 20 cars and bridges, and more than 20 ships of different sizes. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has high historical value and artistic level.