Obsidian is a natural colored glass formed by the sudden cooling of magma from volcanic lava. It is an amorphous gem, and its main component is silicon dioxide (SiO2).

In the process of formation, because the temperature around the lava flow drops rapidly and the cooling rate is the fastest, the magma containing silicon dioxide quickly condenses into blocks, and obsidian generally appears around the lava flow or near the seaside at the foot of the volcano. Because of its unique formation process, the crystal of obsidian also contains 1%-2% water.

Obsidian is mostly distributed in areas with volcanic activity, such as Hawaii, Japan, Java Island in Indonesia, Iceland, Hungary, Lipari Islands in Italy, the former Soviet Union, Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala and other places.

Dark black monocular obsidian is distributed in Arizona and New Mexico, and Indians call it "Apache tears".

Most obsidian jewelry is produced in Central America and North America and is the national stone of the United Mexican States.

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