1840, the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium. In June, 1840, 47 British ships and 4,000 troops, led by Yi Law and Yi Law, the commercial supervisor of China, arrived outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocked Haikou and started the Opium War.

China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy. At the same time, the Opium War also opened a new chapter in the history of modern China people's resistance to foreign aggression.

2. The Second Opium War

1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing, and the Qing emperor fled to Chengde. British and French troops invaded Yuanmingyuan, plundered jewels and burned them. After Russia sent troops to participate in the war, it claimed that "mediation was successful" and coerced the Qing government to cede more than 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers of territory, becoming the biggest winner. The war ended with the Qing government being forced to sign the Beijing Treaty.

The Second Opium War forced the Qing government to successively sign the Tianjin Treaty, the Beijing Treaty, the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty and other peace treaties, and the invasion of foreign powers deepened. As a result, China lost 1.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest. After the war, the Qing government was able to concentrate on suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and maintaining its rule.

3. treaty of shimonoseki's signature

The signing of treaty of shimonoseki marked the end of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. The Chinese plenipotentiaries are Li Hongzhang and Li, and the Japanese plenipotentiaries are Ito Bowen and Lu Aozongguang.

Treaty of shimonoseki has benefited Japan enormously and stimulated its aggressive ambition. The national crisis in China is unprecedented, and the degree of semi-colonization has greatly deepened. The treaty met the needs of the imperialist powers to export capital to China, and then the powers set off a frenzy to carve up China.

4. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China.

1900 Spring, the Boxer Rebellion became the fuse of Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China. Eight-Nation Alliance used this as an excuse to carve up and plunder the Qing Empire in the name of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion.

The total number of troops invading China is about 50 thousand, which is well-equipped and powerful. 1900, 14 August, Beijing completely fell, and wherever Eight-Nation Alliance went, he killed, set fire to, raped and plundered! There are countless treasures stolen and looted from the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace! Among them, the famous Yuanmingyuan, after the British and French allied forces, was looted and eventually became a ruin.

190 1 On September 7th, China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which brought unprecedented suffering to the country and people at that time.

5. September 18th Incident

/KOOC-0/93/KOOC-0/September/8, 2008/KOOC-0/8, under the arrangement of the Japanese Kwantung Army, the railway "guard" blew up the Nanman railway track near Shenyang Liutiao Lake (built by China and later occupied by Japan) and planted the Japanese army. The Japanese army used this as an excuse to shell Shenyang Beidaying on the grounds of "September 18th Incident". The next day, the Japanese army invaded Shenyang and successively invaded the three northeastern provinces.

1February 932, the whole northeast fell. From then on, the Japanese established the puppet regime of Manchukuo in the northeast of China, and began to enslave and colonize the northeast people for 14 years.

The "September 18th Incident" was the inevitable result of Japanese imperialism's long-term policy of aggression and expansion against China, and it was also an important step to turn China into its exclusive colony. At the same time, it marked the beginning of the world anti-fascist war and kicked off the eastern battlefield of World War II.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Opium War

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Second Opium War

Baidu Encyclopedia-treaty of shimonoseki

Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China

Baidu Encyclopedia-September 18th Incident