1. Be honest and cautious.
Example: Song Ouyang Xiu's "Preface to Historical Records" says: "People are greedy for it, and they get it without desire, so they get one." 」
2. Kindness.
For example: Huai Nan Zi? Damn it: "Animals eat people. " 」
3. ignorance.
Example: Fang Ming Xiao Ru wrote an inscription in Selected Works of Ye Ning: "People with good governance always cultivate people's quality in the dark, making them omnipotent, not chiseling their days, not thinking about their affairs, not being confused by falsehood, so their people are hard to shake and changeable." 」
4. adopt "special". Including specialization, specialization, specialization, patent, concentration, specialization and so on.
Example: New Tang Book? Biography of Jason Wu: "The wife occupies the supreme position, and the right to life and death is strict. 」
2. What does the word' Chu' mean in classical Chinese translation?
Frontier, border. Write "loss" again. Cao Zhi Baima: "When I was young, I went to my hometown, and the desert raised my voice ~"
2 cranes. "promoting weaving": "when you enter the house, you are in the secret room ~ curtain." "Peacock flies southeast": "Zhang Dou, four corners ~ sachet."
3 hang down and fall down. Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin: "All the scholars are in tears." "Difficult to Go": "When I am free, I go fishing in Bixi."
4 spread. Xunzi? Wang Ba: "Name is related to later generations." The idiom is "immortality"
5 approaching. Liu Zongyuan's Anecdote of Duan Taiwei: "If you hit twenty with a big stick, you will die."
6. Respect words. Explain that the other party is taller than himself. Bai Juyi's Answer to Assistant Minister Cui: "Ask about the situation." "The Legend of the Wolf in Zhongshan": "Please tell me, I am willing to listen."
3. Wang Classical Chinese reading answer translation for reference: Wang, the word Junyou, Kaifeng Xianping people.
Formerly known as Gong Shou, 19 years old won the first place in Jinshi, and Renzong gave him the name "Chen Gong". Ren Huaizhou sent a decree to go straight to Jixian Hospital to be the judge of salt and iron, repair beads and make patents.
In the first year of Li Qing (104 1), he was a bachelor of Hanlin. Liu, an emissary of the Khitan, once said to Jia Changchao, "What is the danger of the boundary river?" You can row it with a boat, and the soldier can fill it with a whip.
Or, dig up the river bank, make100000 bags filled with sand and put them upstream, and you can get through the road at any time. Injong and Chen Gong discussed this issue. He said, "There are always conspiracies in war.
As expected, the other party can do this and should not tell us. It must be bragging. Setting up obstacles to defend the country, the former king did so, and the ancestors also used dangerous terrain to resist the enemy. "
Soon, the Qidan sent Liu, demanding that the Song Dynasty cede ten counties in Guannan, and accused Taizong of cutting Yan unreasonably. The whole court doesn't know how to answer.
Chen Gong said: "When Wang Shi conquered Hedong, the Qidan had already communicated with us, but they attacked Shilingguan to support the anti-thieves in Hedong. Emperor Taizong was angry and returned to attack Qidan. How can you say it is unreasonable? " So he wrote back and said, "There was the battle of the Ten Mausoleums first, and then the battle of the Jade Gate."
After the Khitan received the reply, it was reconciled. Renzong happily said to the ministers: "If Chen Gong is not familiar with history, it is really difficult to answer."
Chen Gong also acted as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture, and was appointed as an ancient adviser. When Xia Song became the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Gong said: "When Xia Song presided over the western border affairs, he made no achievements and returned in vain.
How can he set an example for the world now that he is in charge of one of the two highest military and political institutions in this country? "So face to face with the emperor, fierce words. The emperor didn't figure it out, suddenly got up, and Chen Gong came forward to hold his skirts.
The emperor finally listened to his words, and Xia Song left. He also said: "What Teng Zongliang did in Gyeongju violated the law, but he was only demoted and transferred to Guo Shou. I'm afraid that border officials will be like him in the future.
Heavy penalties should be imposed. "The emperor didn't listen, just ask for leave to go home and ask for demotion.
So the emperor transferred Teng Zongliang to Yuezhou and ordered Chen Gong to continue to be in charge of the original work. When Chen Gong met with the emperor, the emperor said, "You staff officers, just give your own opinions. Don't think that the court didn't adopt one of your suggestions to suppress you, but easily left to seek fame and reputation. "
From now on, if you think you should say something, say it as much as possible and don't shy away. "Less monks deceive the people in the name of casting Buddha statues. Beijing residents are scrambling to put gold into smelting furnaces, and the harem also pays for him.
Chen Gong said, "The West has been sending troops to station for many years, but we spend money on places that should not be used, which will shake the morale of the army and cause public resentment." The emperor ordered the ban on this activity of the monks who lived less.
Entering the concert hall to entertain guests, Wang Yi got drunk and wrote a song of pride, suggesting that Su's subordinates and Liu report the matter. As a result, Sue and Wang were banished to a distant place, and everyone who got together was expelled to the local area.
The ministers in power at that time were Du Yan and Fan Zhongyan. They reformed the traditional rules and regulations, which made Chen Gong's friends feel uneasy. Shunqin and Yirou were both recommended and promoted by Fan Zhongyan, and Shunqin is Du Yan's son-in-law. Therefore, Chen Gong took this opportunity to overthrow these people. At that time, public opinion looked down on Chen Gong.
Later, I acted as an agent for three secretaries as a bachelor of Hanlin. Being wrongly elected to enrich the people, he became Zhengzhou and then moved to three countries: Iraq and Yinghe.
A few years later, he came back and became a bachelor. The emperor put Xuan Jing and yarrow in your parrot's house for divination, and said to Chen Gong, "I often study these.
Do you know this too? Chen Gong replied: "I hope your majesty will attach importance to the Confucian classics, supplemented by historical books that record the ups and downs of past dynasties. These miscellaneous books are not enough to learn. " In the third year (1056), he was appointed as the third secretary.
When I arrived in Khitan, I met with the Khitan Lord in Huntongjiang and had a feast. Every time Master Qidan catches a fish, he will pour wine for Chen Gong, personally play the pipa, and help him sober up.
He also said to his prime minister, "This is a young scholar in the Southern Dynasties. He has been in the Hanlin Academy for fifteen years, and I want to be very kind to him. " After his return, Zhao Yi, an imperial envoy, argued that his behavior was impolite. "If the Khitan emissary takes this as an example to ask us, how can we refuse?" Hunan Tongguan and Chenzhou Zhifu Renzhuan bought the jewelry of a dead businessman at a low price. They were arrested after the crime was exposed. Ye Zhao impeached all the jewels by bribing them to the harem.
When he was appointed as the ambassador of Xuanhui North Hospital, Zhao Yibian said: "The post of Xuanhui was originally for people with meritorious deeds. Only the former ruling minister and our ambassador can get this position. How can Chen Gong insult this position? " So let him know Yongxing Army as a bachelor of Duanming Temple, and he was in charge of Thailand, Dingzhou, Daming House in Henan, and the official ministers. After Zongshen acceded to the throne, Chen Gong should be transferred as a servant according to his qualifications. Ouyang Xiu thinks that Servant Shooter is the rank of prime minister, so he should not be ranked according to seniority, and only appointed him as the little prince.
In the first year of Xining (1068), he was recalled as an ambassador to the North Hospital. Wang Anshi, who got involved in politics, hated him for always being against himself and taking advantage of two prime ministers' affairs to drive him to take charge of Yingtianfu.
In eight years (1075), he went to North Korea to see the emperor and served as the envoy of Zhong Yi Palace. In the early years of Yuanfeng (1078), he was transferred to the South Courtyard and given a gold hoop.
Once again, it was named Wu' an Army. The Third Route Chief compiled the household registration of ordinary people, established the Baojia system, and recruited ordinary people for training every day. The ban is harsh and impatient, and ordinary people are often forced to be bandits.
County officials hide these situations and dare not report them. Chen Gong resolutely wrote a letter accusing it of its shortcomings: "Not only the material interests of ordinary people have been greatly damaged, but also their farming time has been delayed. This is forcing them to commit crimes by law.
Signs that they have gradually evolved into thieves can already be seen. Even if we can't abolish all these methods, we should spare the poorest and most incapable people from suffering and ease the situation. "
The authorities accused Chen Gong of boycotting the new law, and Chen Gong replied: "This is the old minister's loyalty to the country." Keep playing.
The emperor changed his mind, so the fifth-class households were exempted. Zhezong acceded to the throne, moved Zhang Dejie, and sealed the school for the Taishi.
He died this year at the age of 74. Posthumous title, Third Secretary of Kaifu Instrument, posthumous title.
4. Read classical Chinese. Li Qingchen, the word state straight, Li Qingchen word state straight.
I have known reading since I was seven years old, and I speak thousands of words every day. The guest came from the capital to talk with his brother about the fire in the Buddhist temple. The Qing minister replied from the side: "Is this a so-called disaster or is it bad for the people?" My brother was surprised and said, "Yes."
In the second year of Pingzhi, he tried the secret pavilion. Ouyang Xiu said: "It would be ridiculous not to put Li Qingchen first." When it rains heavily, the number of disasters varies, and the commentator blames Pu (1).
Moreover, the imperial court was right, and it still said, "It is advisable to take the Five Elements Biography and" Building a ancestral temple, the water is not moist "as evidence, and it is necessary to go to the top." Chen Qing said, "I don't believe it.
Don't people suffer? Those who are good at stopping the difference between heaven and earth are not only different, but also stop the suffering of the people. "Policy, such as reputation.
Ying Zong said, "If Li Qingchen is like this, it can be discussed through public consultation. How can we manage it?" After that, I wrote a letter to the pavilion, which was recommended by Ouyang Xiu, so I had to accept talents and merge schools. In the year of Shao Shengyuan, the imperial court tried to be a scholar, and the minister of Qing issued a policy saying, "The scholar doesn't know how to persuade him if he re-chooses Ci Fu. Let's stop being the official of Changping instead of the rich peasants, give the land a soft distance without worrying about the troubles of Qiang people and foreigners, and make it easy and convenient for the people, but the road of businessmen is blocked.
Husband can be a career, otherwise he will change, but you don't need a saint when you are expensive. "Attack Wu Zhai, claiming that the feather did not fight, angry, and discussed the slaughter of four thousand people.
Qing Chen said, "Now I know that officials and officials have been punished. If you die at different times, dispatch troops will surrender. " So Dan killed sixteen generations of tooth soldiers.
The servant shot Han Zhongyan, but what he said was monitored. Fan Chunli and Zhang Shunmin did not let Lv Xichun and Liu Anshi enter the DPRK, and they all had their own plans. He fell into the trap of Ceng Bu and died at the age of 7 1.
Give it to Dr. Jin Ziguang. Qing minister flea is famous for his words and deeds, building Dali Temple and capital. They are all ordered to take notes, simple and bold, and have their own style.
Be tolerant and don't hurt. Taste was disintegrated by Xu Shu. In Shangshu, Xu Xu made amends with stolen goods and applied for rescue alone. He said, "I believe in death, but I can't call it stolen goods."
Get up poor, be frugal and self-sufficient, and be rich without changing. But his ambition is to get wealth, and he wants to be a prime minister, so he is absurd and doesn't want to die.
(From Song History? "Biography of Li Qingchen", with amendments) [Note] ① Pu: refers to. 2 Changping: It has been closed.
Changping official, referred to as "Chen Cang" for short, is in charge of Changping's liquidation, exemption, market transactions, square yard, river crossing, water conservancy and other affairs. 1. The incorrect explanation of the words added in the following sentences is () A. Or its people are already embarrassed: damage B. It is bound to be big, and our school is big: China Everbright C. But the Qiang people are not worried about their sufferings: obeying D. Foucault's cause: following answer: C.
Similar to Zhuo, there are words such as "Cha" and "Ju" in "Wei Xiao, a former satrap minister, and Rong Xiucai, a later secretariat minister". B. As can be seen from the recommendation of Ouyang Xiu, Ouyang Xiu had a certain political status at that time; In literature, he, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, as well as Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty, are also called "eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
C "Jinshi" in "Shi Ting Jinshi" refers to the person who passed palace examination, the last level of the ancient Chinese imperial examination system, which means the person who can be awarded a title, and the examinee is called "Ju Jinshi". D. The "gift" in Dr. Jin Jinguang's Record is an official position or title posthumously awarded to the deceased by the ancient court in recognition of the achievements of the late minister, also known as posthumous title; The rest are gifts for officials and ceremonies.
Answer: A (Inspection: recommended after inspection. Recommendation: Select and recommend.
"Tea", "home" and "Zhuo" have different meanings. ) 3. The following summary and analysis of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect: () A. Li Qingchen was a good reader since he was a child, and his articles were well received. At the age of seven, he read thousands of words every day, which was not only affirmed by the examiner Ouyang Xiu, but also praised by Zong Shen for his early poems.
B. Li Qingchen is far-sighted and well aware of the hardships of people's livelihood. When he was a child, he thought that the fire in the Buddhist temple was caused by officials harming the people, and God issued a warning; After becoming an official, I feel that to be good at eliminating disasters, we must eliminate the suffering of the people.
C Li Qingchen is tolerant and doesn't hate hurting others. Even when the person who has problems is wronged, he honestly speaks for him; When Jin Ming Village fell, it was proposed to kill the whole army. He persuaded by reason to avoid the massacre.
D. Li Qingchen pursued wealth and was framed and died. He did wrong because he wanted to be prime minister. He colluded with Han Zhongyan and put forward the idea of excluding Fan Chunli, Lu Xichun and others, and was framed and died.
Answer: C (the latter example is not the embodiment of Li Qingchen's tolerance and hatred of others) 4. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (1) Today, the choice of ci and fu was resumed, but the scholars didn't know how to persuade them, so they stopped being officials and farmers didn't increase their wealth.
(2) Taste was disintegrated by Shu Qi. In Shangshu, Xu Qi atoned for his sins with stolen goods and applied for rescue alone. Answer: (1) Now the selection of tax officials has resumed, but the scholars don't know how to encourage them. The officials in Changping have all been removed, but the farmers are not rich.
(2) He was impeached by Shu Shu. When he was appointed minister, Shu Shu was convicted of accepting bribes, and Li Qingchen defended him and saved him. Li Qingchen is a straight word.
I have known reading since I was seven years old, and I read thousands of words every day. A guest of his family came from Beijing to talk to his brother about the fire in the Buddhist temple. Li Qingchen interrupted: "This is the so-called disaster. It may be too harmful to the people. God should warn you. " His brother said in surprise, "He will definitely open the door for me."
In the second year of Zhiping, Ouyang Xiu said, "It would be absurd not to put Li Qingchen first." At that time, there were several disasters in hardrain, and people who talked about it blamed Wang Pu's discussion.
When the court answered the question, someone said: "If you want to use the' building a ancestral temple, the water is not moist' as evidence, you will certainly be able to win the first class." Li Qingchen said, "I don't believe it.
Don't people have sufferings to play with? People who are good at stopping disasters between heaven and earth are not trying to stop disasters themselves, but to relieve people's suffering. "Being selected into the countermeasure class has a very good reputation.
Yingzong said, "People like Li Qingchen are considered available only after public discussion. Can you suppress it because you are a relative? " Soon, another letter was sent to recommend cabinet officials, and Ouyang Xiu recommended Li Qingchen and appointed him as the manager of Jixian School. During Shao Shengyuan's reign, he was admitted to Jinshi in the palace exam. Li Qingchen asked in "Ce Wen": "Now, scholars have resumed to choose scholars with ci, but they don't know how to encourage them. Farmers are not rich, but they take land as a reward, which softens the distance, but the suffering of foreigners has not subsided, and the road of merchants is still not smooth.