Residential description

It's not an obscure article, it's just a brick to attract jade.

"Instructions for residential use" usually refers to a document that explains the structure, performance, type, performance and standard of each part of the house and puts forward matters needing attention. If there are problems in the use of the house, the manual will become an important basis for developers and owners to resolve disputes. However, the residential instructions mentioned in this article are very different from the "five certificates and two books".

"The house is the jewel box of life, from which we get the happiness and preciousness we need." Le corbusier. From the slogan of Savoi Villa "House is a living machine" to Farnsworth House "floating" quietly in the soft waves of Fuhe River in the warm autumn sun. Such as the warmth brought by the smooth but sunken stone floor of the flowing water villa, and the shock and strong contrast between the original nature and the indoor warmth and comfort brought by the villa Maria in Xia Dong in two seasons. Although the design styles of masters are different, we can always see a shining golden thread in countless ties-that is the embodiment of humanity in architecture. The residential use method introduced in the Residential Use Manual is also to serve human beings.

"The house is a living machine"-in life, all kinds of machines have their own relevant instructions, so that users can clearly judge, repair and transform, and finally let the machine run in a state that meets their expectations.

When it comes to the "machine" of architecture, people often think of decoration and decoration, that is, through decoration, we turn our "living machine" into a beautiful "jewelry box" It is true that decoration and decoration are the embodiment of human nature, but just decoration can't stop our precious jewels from falling out of this jewelry box.

Mr. Wu pointed out in the Charter of Beijing that the meaning of architecture in a broad sense put me in a dilemma. All the details described in the "Residential Instruction Manual" (this article) are the details of a huge architectural system, and I can't help but pay attention to one thing and lose another. But I think it is necessary to explain.

"The more serious you live, the more beautiful your life will be" Frank Lloyd Wright.

There are various types of houses, which can be divided into units, apartments, re-examination rooms, duplex rooms and villas. But in the end it can be divided into two categories:

1. Single-family residence (rich villa and rural single-family residence)

2. Multi-storey apartment (low, middle and high)

Below we will make a comprehensive introduction through the classification mode of single-storey residential and multi-storey residential.

First, choose a house

Choosing a house is an important preparation before buying a house. In addition to paying attention to the volume rate, greening rate and sunshine spacing of the purchased community, the requirement of a safe and comfortable living environment for the house in the future should not be considered later. The crowd buying a house is more complicated. Some young people are ready to settle down and choose to buy a house, some middle-aged people have some savings to invest in fixed production, and some elderly people want to change to low-rise apartments. The topic we are discussing here is: the purchased house lives for a long time, that is, the purchased house is used for living. This represents the interests of most property buyers and is also an important reason for choosing a house.

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the urban population is increasing, but at the same time, it also encounters the same social problems and challenges. With the increase of urban population, the demand for housing will inevitably rise, followed by the increase in the number of neighborhood units. However, with the transformation of enterprises and the increase of private enterprises, the structural model of neighborhood units has also undergone tremendous changes. The occupational diversification of residential groups in residential areas is no longer the unified construction of large neighborhoods of large factories and enterprises at the turn of the century-workers who go to work and neighbors who leave work. The most remarkable feature of the structural model change of neighborhood units is the diversification of family occupation and family income level. And this is also the point of intensification of contradictions. Neighborhood units lack mutual cognition and communication; Neighborhood units lack mutual understanding and tolerance; Neighborhood units are mixed; These are the reasons for the intensification of contradictions, and they are also places that we should avoid especially when choosing a house. Specific practices are as follows:

1. 1 residential choice and neighbor choice

In my research on this city, I found it difficult to complete this task perfectly. Obstacles are:

(1) The opacity of the purchase information.

(2) The information held by intermediaries is not public.

(3) Neighborhood information has been obtained but the other party refuses to talk.

But this step is necessary. If you want to live in a safe and comfortable house in the future, you must make some physical and mental sacrifices between buying a house. The neighboring neighbors we refer to are horizontal and vertical, including residents on this floor and residents on the upper and lower floors. Take the middle and high-rise residence with one staircase and three households as an example. Before buying a house, you should know at least three households (left/right, up and down) or four households (left/right, up and down), and fully understand the three most basic and easiest things to know, including occupation, family population and personality characteristics. The key point is to make a "potential" judgment on neighbors through these, and judge whether they are hardworking and rich, arrogant and extravagant, or lazy and hate work. As the saying goes, "those who are near ink are black." In addition, when you feel that the neighbors around the house you choose are not to your liking, you must resolutely give up the present house and find another place. This is the beginning of residential use, guiding how to buy a house, and also the beginning of the "humanization" of the manual. But before we start, I have to say that the humanization of "machine" is cold and unsatisfactory on the surface.

Finally, if most people who love life and are ready to buy a house can see and follow this principle of choosing neighbors spontaneously as one of the main reference conditions for choosing a house, then a certain partition will be formed among the residents of this property, for example, a unit will be formed under this partition mode.

The residents of the whole building are very gentle, and the residents of the whole building are also very humble and tolerant. Residents in Unit 2 may quarrel when they go upstairs and downstairs every few days because of their children's frolicking. Because of air conditioning during lunch break, garbage piled up in the corridor, inconsiderate decoration upstairs and downstairs, fighting. Once this happens, one of the two families in conflict will inevitably move out in a short time. Idle properties are either changed hands or transformed into serviced apartments, and the bane of the chaos of 2-unit houses is thus buried. It is worth noting that some residents in Unit 1 originally took a fancy to the house in Unit 2, but this way enabled them to screen their neighbors in advance and reconsider their living location before starting. Maybe you can't get a particularly comfortable room type or selected floor in a unit, but you can get safety and comfort in the small environment of the unit house in the future. But we should also understand that this choice is not an absolute parameter of computer binary yes or no, and what is inside is mysterious and unknown.

Second, the residential use method

The house should have its own way of using it. What we are referring to here is no longer how to waterproof the bathroom, the use of electrical appliances, the installation of circuit protectors and so on. The residential use method provided in the Residential Use Manual (this article) is a solution based on the housing safety incidents that occur during people's use of houses.

Housing security is multifaceted and can be roughly divided into the following aspects.

(1) burglary.

(2) Falling objects hurt people in the house.

(3) Housing disaster

2. 1 Prevention methods of domestic violence crimes

Suspect burglary can be divided into contact type and non-contact type. As the name implies, no contact means that the owner and the suspect have never met, and the loss is only property. Contact types can be divided into active and passive. Active contact means that the suspect knows that there is someone in the house and still forcibly breaks in. Passive contact means that the suspect wakes up the owner or is hit by the owner when he is in the house. Contact type, whether active or passive, often leads to fierce struggle, and the owner often becomes a victim because he is not prepared. Then we put forward a set of processes to solve such problems as much as possible.

The steps and practices we propose below are the use of the house, just like the running machinery, which is a set of processes that should be adhered to.

2. 1. 1 Bypass the house

Before going home every time, walk around the house three times and observe. This method is suitable for low-rise residents living in villas, single-family houses and multi-storey units.

The purpose of the detour before entering the house is to observe whether there are signs of prying on the doors and windows of the house; Observe whether there are traces of climbing along building equipment, pipelines or building platforms on the building surface; Pay attention to whether there are suspicious people wandering around at this time; Comprehensive observation gives yourself one more chance to choose whether to go back or not.

The short time of three rounds is not aimless, but requires keen observation and careful memory.

2. 1.2 Set the outdoor living room control light.

The significance of controlling the lighting in the outdoor living room is that when it is not near the gate, you can turn on the lighting in the living room first, or set up a spare light in the living room. The practice is ever-changing, but the ultimate principle is to turn on the lights outside the house.

2. 1.3 Disposable double-sided adhesive tape

Double-sided tape, that is, after the surface is white, the white layer can be removed and the transparent tape layer can be stuck on both sides. Practice of double-sided adhesive tape in building safety: Take the security door as an example, you can stick appropriate adhesive tape at the corner of the building door. After the white film is removed, the adhesive tape is transparent and imperceptible, and the adhesive tape itself has low viscosity and tension, and it is easy to break irreversibly. Has the security door been opened when there is no one in the house? Go back and see if the tape is broken. Windows can also use this method.

2.2 Precautions against injuries caused by falling objects in houses.

Falling objects and people in the house are both vicious incidents with great influence. Court trial analysis can be divided into two categories: active parabolic and suicide by jumping off a building; Children fall due to negligence caused by improper placement of building components or owner's articles and falling objects. Whatever the reason, we should try our best to solve the crisis, so as to reduce the loss and breakdown of more families. We mainly discuss how to prevent children from falling and falling objects.

2.2. 1 reasons for children falling from high altitude

Children often fall from high altitude due to improper protective measures for high-level users. Ordinary families have just bought a new house and renovated the house they bought. So they won't install security window and anti-theft net by luck. High-rise residents don't install windows. The most common sentence of protective measures is: "My floor is high and thieves can't get in." Are the protective measures just to prevent thieves? Occasionally, children fall from the sky. The most fundamental reason is that the guardian opened the window for air, the child was frolicking at the window, and the guardian neglected to take precautions, and because there was no protection from security window, the child slipped and fell. What's more, security window has been installed at home, but the distance between security window is too large, and the child's body is stuck when it falls out. Because I couldn't persist for a long time, I finally fell down. In other words, security window, with a huge gap, is defenseless against thieves.

2.2.2 Stop falling personnel at the source of the accident.

The source of falling people is the window. Whether adults are impulsive or children are not aware of danger, the danger should be minimized through design and technical control. The method has the following points, in order.

(1) When shopping for windows, high-rise residents should try to choose windows with a large number of windows but a small window area. This method aims to focus on solving adults' impulsive suicide or parabolic thoughts to vent their anger.

(2) It is best to install security window and anti-theft net, if the funds are plentiful. The anti-theft net will not affect people's intuitive feeling of observing the outside world through the window. In the process of observing the outside world through the window, the residents in the high-rise building themselves have a bird's eye view. The streets are crowded with people, trees and branches are swaying in the wind, and birds are flying on low buildings. Because there are many moving points in the observation process, vision will ignore the influence of the nearest visual layer where the fine anti-theft net is located. When there is an indoor quarrel to vent their anger, the anti-theft net can prevent items from being thrown out, and can also prevent individual households from living in tall buildings. As for security window, for the sake of safety, the grid should be as thin as possible.

2.2.3 Stop falling objects during falling.

(1) Set the anti-falling net.

The setting of high-altitude catching net consists of two parts, one is catching net, and the other is supporting frame. Because the Code for Design of High-rise Buildings has relevant provisions on the external protection structure of high-rise buildings, there will be certain security risks when the net is placed, so residents should consider it as appropriate. Designers and developers should bear the responsibility of humanization and personal safety when setting up nets. The falling net should have the following characteristics: high strength, moderate porosity, strong ability to absorb kinetic energy, weak ability to generate elastic force and strong bearing capacity. Can be set in the middle and lower floors of high-rise residential buildings, and pick out 3-5 meters outward, pay attention to the placement of support members.

(2) accurately calculate the position of trees around the house

This is a desperate way. It has two aspects, using trees to block the impact. The branches and leaves of trees have certain toughness, which will puncture the human body and cause serious injuries during the falling of high-speed objects. But branches and leaves also have a blocking effect, which can offset some kinetic energy. However, for various reasons, low shrubs are mainly planted around high-rise residential buildings, which do not have the advantage of impact resistance. The dominant tree species are tall trees, such as

Conifers: Cedar, Cryptomeria fortunei, Pinus yunnanensis, etc.

Broad-leaved trees: Magnolia grandiflora, poplar, locust tree, etc.

2.3 Response and treatment methods of house fire

There are many reasons for house fires, and high-rise residential fires are more serious. When the fire source is not in the house, but in the low-rise residence, as a user of high-rise residence, it is most necessary to be vigilant and never miss the opportunity to escape because of greed for property. The contexts mentioned in this section are all when the house is on fire and the fire is out of control.

2.3. 1 Install the downhill rope in case of emergency.

Residents of high-rise residential buildings should install downhill ropes near the windows. This seems to contradict the previously installed security window. I'll explain it in detail here. Let's define the window with downhill rope as "escape window" for the time being. At the escape window, an internal or external safety window with hinges can be installed. In this case, the escape window can have a window opening function.

As an escape tool, the downhill rope should be selected by professional standards. It should be based on the ability to carry two adults at a time.

Three. Concluding remarks

In recent years, the continuous development of cities has led to over-concentration of population, and people from all over the world have gathered in cities. Different social backgrounds, different cultural atmosphere and different nature of labor have intensified various social contradictions. Some contradictions about life are expressed through the carrier of housing. I think the majority of architects should begin to pay attention to the embodiment of these contradictions in residential buildings, and solve various problems encountered by users in the use process through humanized design techniques, not to mention the troubles encountered in the use of residential buildings are not trivial. The instructions for residential use are more about throwing out problems. How should we live? What should our house look like? Such a residential instruction manual is meaningful.