In July 2003, People's Republic of China (PRC) promulgated and implemented the national standard GB/T 16552-2003, and the laws and regulations regulating gemstones have come into effect. In the vast world of nature, among more than 3 100 substances, minerals and rocks that have been discovered and named by human beings, there are more than 30 kinds of 130 that can be made into ornaments. We call these beautiful stones gems, and now list their types and classify them:

Natural gems are produced by nature, water and air. They must have the following characteristics: certain aesthetics, certain acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, rare and precious output, strong plasticity, and can be carved into decorative ornaments and works of art.

Natural jade is produced by nature, water and air, and they must also have the following characteristics: aggregate mineral objects with certain aesthetic appreciation, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, collection value and technological value, in which amorphous bodies account for a small part. For example: jade, white jade, Dongling jade, jasper, Hetian jade, obsidian, agate, opal and so on.

Naturally occurring organic gems are all formed by animals and plants on the earth. Like natural jade, this process sometimes takes hundreds of millions of years. A very small part of the organic matter formed has the characteristics of ordinary gems and can be made into various jewelry and decorations in life. This substance is called natural organic gem. Like dinosaur fossils, bones of marine life, pearls and shells, ivory carvings, seeds and stones of trees and so on.

Scientifically cultivated gemstones artificially cultivated by scientific and technological means are cultivated, maintained and grown entirely or partially by human factors of scientific and technological processes, and their chemical composition and physical properties are exactly the same as those of natural gemstones, such as cultured pearls and cultured corals.

Man-made products, or imitation gems, are made of other substances similar to jewelry and jade in appearance, color, optical effect, weight and density, and their chemical and physical components are completely different from natural gems. Such as artificial jade, artificial amber, artificial pearls and so on. This kind of material regarded as gem is basically glass, plastic, resin, clay and so on. , which mainly reflects the brand value of the process.

Reproduction of artificial products refers to the jewelry and jade articles made by human beings by using various technologies and processes, which are useless or inferior in the form of powder and slag, after melting, kneading and pressing. For example: amber, coral, turquoise, etc.