Xi belongs to temperate monsoon climate.
Xi 'an is the starting point of the "Silk Road" and has an important hub and central position in the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in ancient times, especially in the Han and Tang Dynasties.
About 10 century BC, Zhou Muwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty set out from Haojing, crossed Kunlun Mountain and Green Ridge, and arrived in Central Asia.
In the 3rd ~ 4th century BC, the Qin people, who were famous for their "good defense", had moved to India. Qin's transliteration appeared in the ancient Indian documents Mahabharata and Ramayana, both of which were written at this time. China's proper name comes from ancient Indian Sanskrit CINA, which is found in many languages in the world, such as English, German China, French China and Italian CIMA.
In BC 138, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, officially opening up the Silk Road connecting Eurasia with Chang 'an as the starting point. Since then, the envoys and merchants of the Han Dynasty have frequent contacts with those of Central Asia, West Asia and South Asia. Ambassadors and businessmen from Bushehr (southwestern Iran), Tiaozhi (ancient Roman Empire), Yueshi (northern Afghanistan), Kangju (ancient Central Asia), Dawan (ancient Central Asia), Corbin (Kabul River Basin in Afghanistan), Li Xuan (ancient Roman Empire) and Lion Country (Sri Lanka) came to Chang 'an. At the same time, Japan, South Korea, Funan (Cambodia), Shan (Myanmar), Laos and other countries also sent envoys and businessmen to Chang 'an by sea. This unprecedented large-scale international exchange made Chang 'an an an international city in the Han Dynasty.
After the opening of the "Silk Road", Chinese and foreign commercial trade developed rapidly. China's silk, lacquerware, bamboo, iron, medicinal materials, steelmaking and sinking technology, peaches, pears, ginger and other plants are exported from Chang 'an to Central Asia, South Asia and Europe. According to Pliny, an ancient Roman scholar, Rome alone spends about 70,000 pounds in gold coins to buy China silk every year. At the same time, "foreign objects come from all directions", and woolen fabrics, felts, thoroughbred horses, donkeys, pomegranates, grapes, alfalfa, magpies, sesame seeds, figs, mung beans, peas, cucumbers, green onions, carrots, garlic, saffron, coriander, walnuts, peppers and watermelons from Central Asia and South Asia are also imported into China. Cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries flourished, and Central Asian musical instruments such as harp, pipa, Hu Jia, Hu Jiao and Hu Di were introduced to Chang 'an. Zhang Qian brought back ancient Indian music such as Maha and Dule from the Western Regions, which was transformed by Li Yannian and copied into 28 interpretations of New Sound. China classical dance also absorbed the elements of the dances of various nationalities in the western regions. After 1 century, Indian Buddhism spread to the east, and after the introduction of Gandhara painting and sculpture with Greek and Roman artistic elements, China traditional painting added rich colors and grandeur to simplicity. The highly developed culture and art of the Han Dynasty also spread from Chang 'an to the north and south of Tianshan Mountain and further west, and the children of the royal family in the western regions went to Chang 'an to study.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chang 'an's economic and cultural exchanges with western countries through the "Silk Road" were still endless. The fire cloth (asbestos cloth), mercury, glass and medicinal materials of Daqin (Eastern Roman Empire) were introduced into China. Sericulture in China spread to Persia and then to Europe. At this time, Buddhism introduced from India gradually combined with China's traditional ethics and religious concepts, forming China Buddhism, which was widely spread. Chang 'an has become the Buddhist cultural center of China and even East Asia.
The economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries centered on Chang 'an reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. The prosperous economy and splendid culture of the Tang Dynasty have a strong attraction to Asian, European and African countries. According to the Six Codes of the Tang Dynasty, as many as 300 countries and regions came to Chang 'an as envoys at that time. The Eastern Roman Empire sent envoys to Chang 'an seven times, the Japanese official envoy to the Tang Dynasty 13 times, the Arab Empire came to Chang 'an 36 times as an ambassador, and princes and nobles of many countries lived in Chang 'an for a long time or a short time. There is a stone statue of 14 national guest king in the Zhaoling altar of Taizong. In addition to the kings of the western regions, there are Silla (Korea), Brahman (India) and other kings. 6 1 stone statue of the guest king in front of the tomb of Emperor Gaozong in Tang Dynasty, with Persian (Iranian) leaders in South America and Pirooz III. Countries in the western regions "have nearly 10,000 people living in Chang 'an". In the fourth year of Tang Yifeng (AD 679), Prince Nillies of Persia returned from Chang 'an with thousands of his men. Chang 'an has a large number of foreign students, monks seeking dharma and monks studying, many of whom lived and worked in the Tang Dynasty for a long time. In the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an's international trade was huge. Western businessmen who came to Chang 'an via the "Silk Road" were mostly Turks, Uighurs, diners, Persians and Eastern Roman Empire. Persian merchants who are good at jewelry business have made Chang 'an's jewelry industry prosperous for some time. Thoroughbred horses, cattle, sheep, furs, rare birds and animals from western countries are imported into China in large quantities. In particular, the number of horse transactions is huge. Excluding non-governmental trade, the country "has hundreds of thousands of horses every year". Since 1955, Persian silver coins, eastern Roman gold coins, Arabic gold coins, Japanese copper coins and Greek lead cakes have been unearthed many times in the eastern and western suburbs of Xi 'an. 1987 Among the palace offerings unearthed from Famen Temple, there are many kinds of glassware produced by the Eastern Roman Empire and Persia. The prosperity of Chang 'an international trade in Tang Dynasty can be seen.
The cultural exchange between China and foreign countries centered on Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous and had far-reaching influence. China's unique architecture, sculpture, urban planning and medicine spread from Chang 'an to other countries in the world. In ancient Japan, the capital was completely modeled after Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty, and the palace buildings in Ping 'an City were modeled after Chang 'an Palace in the Ming Dynasty, and even the decorative patterns of bricks and tiles were very similar. Japanese Nara Dynasty also set up medical clinics and doctors of medicine, acupuncture and massage to study China's classic medical works, imitating the court system of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. Chang 'an has also absorbed the cultural essence of various countries with its inclusive grandeur. In the Pharmacopoeia of Tang Dynasty, benzoin, borneol, pepper, turmeric, fennel, cardamom, clove, rhinoceros horn and other western medicines were added. On the basis of summarizing the previous calendars, astronomer Monk and his party absorbed the advantages of Indian calendars and invented the Dayan calendar. Shou Wen, a Buddhist monk in Chang 'an, imitated the principle of Sanskrit Pinyin and formulated 30 Chinese initials, which laid the foundation of Chinese phonology. Hu Le, Hu Dance, Hu Fu and Hu Cai are very popular in Chang 'an. Western music popular in Chang 'an was introduced to Korea, Japan and Myanmar. Chang 'an music, which has spread to Japan since the Tang Dynasty, includes more than a dozen kinds of music, such as Broken Array Music, Ganzhou Music, Tiaotou Music, Chunying Music and Beiting Music. In the 7th-9th century, Chang 'an became an international business center and cultural exchange center.