How to distinguish 1 from Geyao porcelain? Look at the luster. Ge kiln belongs to matt glaze, and its surface is oily luster, which is completely different from the glass luster of general porcelain glaze.
2. Looking at the opening, the typical characteristics of Geyao's opening are gold wire and iron wire, with coarse black cracks interwoven with fine red and yellow cracks. The patches are dense but not sparse, curved but not straight, and the distribution is irregular.
3, look at the foot, the edge of the circle foot is narrow and flat, not wide and uneven, the inner wall of the foot is deep and long, and the outer wall of the foot is shallow and short, which is difficult to pick up with your fingers. Where there is no glaze, it is iron black.
4, look at the bubbles, the glaze layer of Ge kiln is thick, and there are bubbles in the glaze, such as beads looming, folk? Gather foam and save beads? It is said that the Ge kiln without bubbles must be a fake, which is one of the most commonly used methods to identify the authenticity of the Ge kiln.
One of the main characteristics of Ge Kiln is that Ge Kiln glaze belongs to matt glaze, just like? Butter? General luster, colorful colors, including beige, pink and milky white.
Second,? Gold wire? On the pattern, the glaze of Ge Kiln has reticular slits, or overlaps like ice cracks, or becomes fine small slits (? Vulgar is broken? Or? Tortoise pattern? ), to? Gold wire? Typically, coarse black cracks and fine red and yellow cracks are intertwined. There is such a description in the Ming Dynasty's "Gegu Yaolun": "Ge Yaowen is topped by ice cracks and eel blood, followed by plum blossom ink patterns." Fine lines, even offline. "
Third,? Collect beads and balls? Generally, there are bubbles on the glaze. Ge kiln ware usually has a thick glaze layer, and the thickest part is even equal to the tire thickness. There are bubbles in the glaze, such as beads looming, like? Gather foam and save beads? This is a traditional method to identify genuine and fake Geyao porcelain. Sun Yingzhou, the granddaddy of ceramics, said in the article "Identification of Porcelain in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties" that the bubbles in Guan and Ge glazes are as dense as "beads", which means that the bubbles in Ge kiln glazes are as fine as water droplets and spread all over the surface. Such characteristics are not easy to imitate.
Fourth,? Purple mouth and iron feet? Due to the wind, the body of Ge kiln is mostly purple-black or brown-yellow, the thin glaze on the edge of the kiln mouth is yellow-brown because of hidden lines, and the place where the glaze is not hung on the bottom foot is iron-black. So it can be summarized as a reason. Purple mouth and iron feet? In a word, this is also one of the traditional methods to identify the true and false Ge kiln wares.
How to maintain porcelain 1? Porcelain is fragile, so we should pay attention to shock prevention, extrusion prevention and collision prevention when storing it. When appreciating the collection, be careful not to bump or fall, and try not to touch it with sweaty hands. It's best to wear gloves when looking at the collection, and the table is padded with flannel. Don't pass it on to each other when watching. One person should put it on the table after reading it, and others should hold it.
Second, bottles, cans, statues and other porcelain are generally spliced from bottom to top, and you can't lift the neck of the upper part of the object when moving. The correct way is to hold your neck with one hand and your ass with the other. Some bottles, jars and statues are decorated with ears, so you can't just lift the ears when you take them away, so as not to break or damage them. Thin-walled containers are thin, light and delicate, so be more careful when handling and placing them. Hold the bottom with both hands, and never use it with one hand, especially the bottle, which has small feet and long body and needs to be blown down by the wind.
Three, just bought high-temperature glaze or underglaze porcelain, should be soaked in water 1 hour, then use detergent to wash off the appearance of oil, dry the water with a towel and put it in the box. The box should be filled with foam, and the diameter after adding foam should not exceed 0.5 cm. The collection should be moderately elastic in the box to avoid squeezing and prevent the collection from being damaged.
4. Unearthed low-temperature glaze and glaze color. There will be a lot of impurities in glaze color, and even the phenomenon of stripping and discoloration will occur. A small amount of adhesive should be added between the fetal glazes, and then a layer of soft adhesive should be coated on the glaze to prevent the glaze from falling off in a large area. If high-temperature glaze or underglaze color is buried underground for a long time, a large number of calcium and silicon compounds, namely soil rust, will also be produced on the surface of porcelain. It can be washed with clean water once, soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide for about 3 hours, soaked in clean water for more than 30 hours, and washed with clean white cloth, which can generally remove soil rust. If it cannot be removed, you can apply acetic acid to the soil rust with a brush. After 5 hours, use a medical scalpel to remove soil rust obliquely, and the blade can only cut in one direction. After most of the soil rust is removed, clean it with Bai Jie cloth and toothpaste until the soil rust is completely removed. This method is only suitable for high temperature glaze and underglaze color.
Identification method of underglaze red porcelain in Ming Hongwu 1. Modeling features The modeling of Hongwu porcelain has a profound legacy of Yuan Shu Fu kiln, especially the folk kiln. The carcasses of dishes and bowls in folk kilns are getting thicker and thicker below the middle waist. Some of them are the same as Yuan porcelain, or bend over, or there are traces of cake stacking in the center of the kiln. The official kiln was determined to innovate, and quickly got rid of the clumsy style of Yuan porcelain, and gave birth to Yongle porcelain, which is famous for its beautiful and elegant shape, thus showing a new look of Ming porcelain.
2. Because of the different scouring thickness, the soil characteristics of carcass tire are also different. As far as the official kiln ware is concerned, the degree of porcelain is high, so it is firm, white and slightly heavy. Due to the lack of firepower, the artifacts in the folk kiln are similar to mortar tires. The cross section of the carcass is khaki, but most of it is still light gray with some impurities.
3. Glaze color characteristics The glaze color is blue and white, which is the same as that of Yuan and Ming porcelains, but the degree of blue and white in each dynasty is slightly different. Common Hongwu kiln porcelain, some are not refined, and the fetal quality is white or grayish white. Against the thick blue-and-white glaze juice, the glaze shows a deeper blue-gray or gray-white color than other dynasties in the Ming Dynasty. Although the glaze of the official kiln is bluish white, it is whiter and thicker than that of the private kiln. Some glazes are accompanied by fine and colorless natural open lines, with high degree of vitrification, elegant color, softness and pleasing to the eye. Generally, the feet are brushed with white glaze paste, and the thin part is yellow, and the thick part is milky white or cyan, and the gloss is not strong. There is a strange phenomenon that the glaze color of foot and body is different. The reason is that the burned feet are different from the back, the melted feet are different, or the glazed feet are different.
4. The patterns and decorations in the early Ming Dynasty were mostly simple and fluent, bold and vivid. During the Hongwu period, the development process of official kiln and private kiln was different. The decorative pattern of official kiln porcelain is exquisite, which more or less reveals the style of Yuan Dynasty. However, folk kiln porcelain is unique, especially the realistic decorative patterns depicting nature, which can better reflect the rich creativity of porcelain makers and the rich life atmosphere of working people. The chrysanthemums painted by Hongwu are oblate and oval, and the lotus leaves with broken branches or bundled branches are mostly spiral, while the lotus leaves with bundled branches that are common in Yuan Dynasty are gourd-shaped. At the same time, the leaf shape of the Yuan Dynasty was large, with large flowers and leaves, but it was obviously reduced by the time of Hongwu, and the old leaf ornaments no longer reappeared. From this, we can see the inheritance and evolution of decorative patterns in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
Porcelain is decorated with blue-and-white painting and relief at the same time, which is the inheritance and evolution of the relief technology of Hongfu kiln in Ming Dynasty to Shufu kiln in Yuan Dynasty. Some paintings of folk kiln utensils are the same as those of the Yuan Dynasty, using lotus petal patterns. In Yuan Dynasty, there were often eight treasures in lotus petals, but in Wu Hong's time, many flowers were painted in groups. Decorative patterns such as wishful streamer clouds, fire clouds and lotus flowers are common in bowls and plates. Folk kiln heart, cursive script? Shoushou? There are also pictures of banana leaves, lotus flowers, pine trees, bamboo, plums, orchids, seaweed, people and animals. Yunlong, plum, orchid, tree, flower and bird, twisted branch flower and so on are commonly used main decorative patterns, while the side decoration is mostly two continuous simple geometric patterns. The decorative patterns of blue-and-white wares in folk kilns inherited traditional calligraphy and painting, which initiated the early Ming Dynasty. Point painting? The pen is concise and skillful, mainly describing nature, unpretentious, freehand and intentionally rendering. Like the Yuan Dynasty, blue and white colors were relatively stable and rarely dispersed. But the hair color is not strong and tends to be light, which can better set off decorative paintings.