Baoxi is a symbol of the royal family, which is hidden in the palace and rarely known to outsiders, so it has always been covered with a mysterious veil. Today, I would like to share with you what treasures are in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Most of the Shoushan Stone carvings collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing are collected by ancient courts, and the precious seals of Shoushan Stone after the Qing Dynasty have extremely high historical and artistic value in terms of quantity, texture, seal, use and engraving. "The treasure of Yongzheng's life" is Qing Yongzheng, made of Shoushan stone, sealed by seawater ox dragon, and sealed by China. The surface is 12.4cm square, the height is 1 1.5cm, and the height of the button is 6cm. Baoxi is surrounded by bas-relief and dragon ornaments, and the upper part of the dragon is carved in natural stone color. ? Emperor Qianlong's Three Seals This emperor's three seals should be the most widely known royal seal in China, and it is a favorite of Emperor Qianlong. The production of triple printing adopts chain carving technology. The so-called chain carving is to hollow out a stone and carve a whole movable stone chain without any traces of cracks and adhesion. A little carelessness will lead to broken chains and stones, so the technical difficulty of Tian Huang's three-chain seal can be imagined. "The treasure of respect for relatives in Yongzheng" is made of Shoushan stone in Qing Dynasty, and it lies like a new seal and a Chinese seal script. The face is 9.8cm square, the overall height is 9.7cm, and the button height is 6.2cm. The lying elephant is finely carved, and the proportions of various parts of the body are appropriate, and the posture is vivid, just like a vase placed on the side, which means "peaceful elephant". "Zun Tian Zun Zu" is printed in Yongzheng, and it is made of Shoushan stone. It is printed on one side, with dragons and new buttons. The area is 6.6cm square, the overall height is 9.5cm, and the button height is 4.5cm. Respecting heaven and ancestors is a very important ruling thought in the early days of Yongzheng's succession, and it has been running through the whole ruling process. This treasure is a true reflection of this idea. This treasure is one of Yong Zhengdi's early important treasures and seals, and it is often printed on his royal calligraphy. "When the sun shines, the seal is clear, Yongzheng, Shoushan stone, flying bear Niufang seal, Chinese seal script. The surface is 6 cm square, the height is 7 cm, and the height of the button is 4 cm. This treasure is an important cultural relic reflecting Yong Zhengdi's diligent thoughts, and it is often printed on his imperial books. This treasure's flying bear new button is beautifully carved and is a masterpiece of Indian new button carving in the early Qing Dynasty. " The "Conscientious" seal was made of Shoushan stone during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, with double rectangular seals and Chinese characters printed on it. It is 4.3 cm wide, 9.4 cm long, 4.5 cm high and 1.8 cm high. "Conscientious" language "history? Hao Tao's Hume: "If you don't learn and have no skills, you want to have a country and work hard, tens of thousands a day." There is no official, and the day worker takes its place? It means "a gentleman's way is to be cautious." Be careful what you say. There are 10,000 kinds of trifles between one day and two days, and you must know them yourself and not be complacent. " This seal was carved in Yong Zhengdi shortly after he ascended the throne, and it was written by Yong Zhengdi. The seal of "Pro-Saint and Love the People" is Qing Yongzheng, made of Shoushan stone, sealed by two animals, and sealed in Chinese. The face is 6.6cm square, the overall height is 9.2cm, and the buckle height is 4.5cm. This treasure is the self-warning of Yong Zhengdi's stepmother. It has always believed that a monarch should take the principle of being close to the saints as the foundation of governing the country and loving the people as the foundation of establishing politics, especially when he has just taken advantage of the reunification, and he will never forget it at all times as a warning to treat others. It coincides with the platform of "respecting heaven, respecting ancestors and loving the people" advocated by the Qing emperor. "Qianlong is the treasure of life", which is made of Qing Qianlong, Shoushan Stone, Xinfang Seal and Hanyin Handwriting. The surface is 13.3cm square, the height is 13.4cm, and the height of the button is 5cm. There are bas-reliefs and arc patterns around the seal, and dragons with different shapes are carved on the upper part. The method of printing and edge decoration is exactly the same as the "Treasure of Yongzheng Imperial Pen" carved in the first year of Yongzheng (1723), which shows that the treasure of Emperor Qianlong was carved from the early products stored in the palace. This treasure should be dedicated to the imperial edict issued by Emperor Qianlong. It has the same status as the "Shoubao" in the "Twenty-five Treasures" and is one of the treasures of Emperor Qianlong with higher specifications. The seal of "Supreme Treasure for Virtue" is clear, dry and long, made by Shoushan Stone. This is a square seal of a lying animal, and it is written in Chinese. The surface is 4. 1cm square, the overall height is 4.5cm, and the new height is 1.9cm. This seal is used together with "Ganlong Imperial Pen" and "Delinxin" and placed on the calligraphy and painting of Imperial Pen. ""treasure only virtue ""history? Travel mastiff: if you don't cherish distant things, you will be far away from your personality; If you only cherish good people, you will be safe. "Explain the importance of keeping good use of energy. Emperor Qianlong put this into the seal in order to show that he is thirsty for talents and he is eager to approach from a distance. " The treasure of Jiaqing's respect for relatives is made of Shoushan stone, rectangular seal and printed in China. The surface is 9.7 cm long, 9.3 cm wide and 17.8 cm high. "Dear Family Treasure" was generally made shortly after the new emperor ascended the throne, and was used to commend posthumous title or the national emblem. This "treasure of Jiaqing's respect for relatives" was already used on tombstones in the Qianlong Imperial Mausoleum in the early years of Jiaqing, and it was the earlier party to make the precious seal of Jiaqing Emperor. Bao's whole body is carved with rocks, trees and dragons, and is decorated with patterns representing "nine Russia's nature conservation". At the top, there is an inscription "Ruiye Jiuru, endless", which summarizes the meaning of the carved image. Its carving is exquisite and vivid, and its technical level is very high. The seal of "Zhengguiheng" is light and made of Shoushan stone. A square seal engraved with Yunlong pattern, written in Chinese. The surface is 4.6cm square and the height is 9.9cm. Zhou Kangwang said to Bi Gong: "The government is lofty and unchangeable, and words are important, not just good and different. "Carving' politics is precious' into a treasure seal shows that the basic viewpoint of maintaining the continuity, consistency and stability of national policies after Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne is in the same strain as the' Fazu' platform that the Qing emperor always followed." Diligent housekeeping, but moral "seal is light, made of Shoushan stone. It is engraved with the new square seal of Ganoderma lucidum and China seal script. The surface is 6cm square and the height is 9.5cm. ""Gong Jianwei ""Shangshu? "Zhou Guan": "Pushing the virtuous and appointing the competent, the ordinary officials are harmonious and modest; Diligent housekeeping, but be virtuous, open-minded, and cover your body with morality. After quoting this passage, the thirty-second volume of The Complete Works of Daoguang Zheng Yang Bookstore further affirmed its political importance and put frugality first: "Be frugal within, sift out glitz, advocate courtesy and thrift, be loyal and kind, and do not be stingy. With an open mind, you should always read "Abstinence". " "It fully shows that Daoguang Emperor attaches importance to thrift." The "Treasure of Yongzheng Imperial Pen" belongs to Qing Yongzheng, made of Shoushan Stone, engraved with Niu Wa of Solanum nigrum, and sealed in Chinese. The face 13.2cm is square, the height 15cm, and the buckle height is 6.5cm This treasure is huge. There are nine real dragons carved in the clouds on the Niu Wa with different shapes. The bas-relief Bo Gu around the treasure is really dragon, simple and elegant, with fine workmanship. It is a typical Shoushan stone carving work in the early Qing Dynasty. "The seal of" Yongzheng Chen Han "is the seal of Qing Yongzheng, Shoushan Stone, Yunlong New and Chinese. The face is 6.2cm square, the height is 7cm, and the buckle height is 4.5cm. This treasure carving cloud is like running water, and dragons haunt the clouds, which is elegant and vivid. This treasure is often accompanied by "doing things day and night" or "loving the virtuous and loving the people", which is engraved on Yong Zhengdi's imperial calligraphy and painting, and its imprint has been preserved to this day. The seals of "Master Yuanming" are Qing Yongzheng, Shoushan Stone, Lion-Xinfang Seal, and Chinese seal script. The surface is 3.8cm square, the height is 7.7cm, and the button height is 3cm. This seal was made during the period of Prince Yong Zhengdi, roughly carved after the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709). That year, Emperor Kangxi gave the northern part of Changchun Garden to his fourth son, Yin Zhen, and named it Yuanming. Since then, Yongzheng claimed to be a master of Yuanming. The seals of "Breaking the Custom" are Qing Yongzheng, Shoushan Stone, Guangfang Seal and Chinese Seal. The surface is 1.7 cm square and 2.7 cm high. This seal was made during the period of Prince Yong Zhengdi. This seal is used in conjunction with the "Treasure of Prince Yong" and is engraved on the imperial book. Yongzheng Ziyun liked to read Buddhist classics when he was a teenager, and read more books when he was an adult, and he had close contacts with monks. He called himself a "dust-breaking layman" and said that he had never become a monk, but only practiced Buddhism at home. At least in the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (17 16), the name "broken dust lay man" was used, because there was a phrase "broken dust lay man in Wang Yong" in a book given to a friend at that time, which can be used as a proof. This seal will no longer be used after Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne. "Xianning, Wanxian County" was printed in Yongzheng, and Shoushan Stone was used. A square seal engraved with landscape figures and Chinese characters. The surface is 3.3cm square and the height is 7cm. "Xianning in the world" is the language of Zhouyi? Gangua: "The head of the ordinary, Xianning, the world. "What about history? Zhou Guan: "Recalling the past, Tang Yu only built 100 officials, including 104 mountains, with Zhou Mu and Hou Bo outside. Ordinary politics is only harmonious, and all countries are Xianning. "Gaiyan said that all peoples should have a monarch, set up officials, and unify their thinking with the Ming Dynasty, so as to respect each other, and the world is at peace and all peoples are at peace. The seal of "Heart Master" is clear, dry and long. It is made of Huangshi, with a plain rectangular seal, Chinese seal script, and two liters of dragon patterns around the seal script. The face is 2.5 cm wide, 3.2 cm long and 5.5 cm high. The theory of solving puzzles written by emperor Qianlong in his early years imitated the meaning of the four gentlemen about morality and set it as a question and answer between a scholar in the Spring and Autumn Period and a doctor in the town. The article says: "Owls are all tattooed, all belong to the same clan, and they are brave and fearless, which has never been heard before. "The so-called chaff, Ann how do you know I believe in heaven? The master of Xintian called the doctor to recognize Confucianism and told him,' If the second son says Chu lost, Qi will gain nothing.' "Among them," albatross "means self-proclaimed Qianlong, which means" those who are in harmony with the sky will prosper and those who are against the sky will die ". The seal of "Qianlong Imperial Pen" is clear and dry, made by Tian Huangshi. This is a new square seal of the lioness, and it is written in Chinese. The face is 4.7cm square, the height is 6.2cm, and the buckle height is 3.5cm. This treasure is used in combination with "Bao Zhi De" and "De Xin", and it is the most used side of Emperor Qianlong's treasure seal. For example, there is this seal on the famous "Sanxi Hall" plaque. The seal of "Fu Xu Xiang Yuan" is Qing Jiaqing, made of Shoushan stone, with the seal of bergamot stem and vine, and the seal script in Chinese. The surface is 4cm square, the overall height is 9.3cm, and the buckle height is 3.5cm. The "Jiaqing Chen Han" is printed in Jiaqing, made of Shoushan stone, with small relief and small turquoise scenery. China seal script has a surface of 3.3cm square and a height of 7.5cm. This treasure has ordinary texture, tiny cracks and different shades of color. However, according to the situation, the printer carved pine, stone and pavilion with bas-relief technique, and the layout was just right, cleverly covering up the defects of the stone itself, which was a must. This treasure is widely used in Jiaqing Emperor's imperial calligraphy. "Ke Jingju" seals are rectangular seals of Qing Dynasty, Xianfeng, Tian Huangshi and Rui Niu Niu, and there are Chinese seal characters. The face is 2.8cm wide, 4cm long, 4.8cm high and 2.8cm high. "Kejingju" is located in the same room in the main hall of the backyard of Xianfu Palace, one of the six western palaces in the Inner Palace. In the thirty years of Daoguang (1850), Emperor Xianfeng kept filial piety for Daoguang in the same family, and still lived here frequently after the expiration, so there are many relics related to Emperor Xianfeng here. Among them, the "Ke Jingju" monument inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng in Nanmu was filled with blue stones and hung here. " "Jing Ke" language "Shangshu? Tai Jiazhong: "Only heaven has no relatives, but only respect relatives." It means that heaven has no personal relationship with people, but respect can kiss. It was named "Jing Ke" and engraved with this seal, which reflected Xianfeng Emperor Jing Ke's idea of heaven. "My lifelong friend is plum blossom" seals are Qing Jiaqing, Shoushan Stone, Pisces new rectangular seal, and China seal script. Width 1.7cm, length 3. 1cm, height 4cm, and button height 2.2cm The "treasure of Jiaqing imperial pen" is made of Shoushan stone, square seal of Kuilong ox and Chinese seal script. The surface is 8.6cm square, the overall height is 8.5cm, and the key height is 4. 1cm. The periphery of this treasure is covered with bas-relief Solanum nigrum and Bo Gu ornamentation, and the Solanum nigrum carved on it haunts the clouds with vivid images. Its texture, four-sided ornamentation and new carving are consistent with the seal style of Shoushan Stone in the last years of Kangxi, indicating that this seal was carved from the old treasures collected in the palace during Jiaqing years. This is also a normal phenomenon in the process of making the seal of Empress Dowager Cixi. "The treasure of Yongzheng Imperial View" is made of Shoushan stone in Qing Dynasty, engraved with the new seal of Longkui Bridge, and sealed in Chinese. The face is 10.8cm square, the overall height is 9.2cm, and the button height is 2.8cm. This treasure is one of the first royal seals made by Yong Zhengdi after he ascended the throne. According to Yong Zhengdi, the printed buttons are carved, just like a pair of real dragons separated by a bridge. The upper part of the printing body is bucket-shaped, and moire patterns are engraved around and on the buttons. Solanum nigrum is plump and healthy, and the details are carefully carved, which can be used as a model for investigating the seal carving of Shoushan Stone in Yongzheng period. "The treasure of Jiaqing Imperial View" is made of Shoushan stone in Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, engraved with rectangular small landscape seals, and shaped as Chinese seals. The surface is 4.3 cm long, 3. 1 cm wide and 8.5 cm high. This treasure is used in the ancient and modern paintings and calligraphy appreciated by Emperor Jiaqing, mainly the paintings and calligraphy cataloged by Baodi in Shiqu, Secret Hall and Zhu Lin. According to the "unusual case" recorded in the third edition of "Shiqu Treasure Secret Hall Zhu Lin", the ancient and modern courtiers' paintings and calligraphy recorded in the third edition all use Jiaqing Imperial Reading, Jiaqing Appreciation, Sanxi Hall's exquisite seal and Yi Descendants' seal. Among them, "the treasure of Jiaqing Imperial View" is this aspect. "The treasure of Xianfeng Imperial View" is made of Qing Xianfeng, Shoushan stone, rectangular seal and printed in China. The face is 9.3cm wide, 9cm long and 13cm high. This seal has inscriptions on three sides, namely "only clear" and "firm but precise, moist and shiny". Five-color attack, combining rigidity with softness. "heart is easy" and "jade is honey". Among them, "Xinyi" is the name of the inscription, indicating that this seal was not in the palace originally, and it was renamed as the imperial seal of Xianfeng Emperor after it was collected by the imperial court. Appreciation of "Xianfeng" seal cutting: Qing dynasty, Xianfeng, Shoushan stone, reclining lion new round seal cutting, and Chinese calligraphy. The face diameter is 3.8cm, the overall height is 3. 1cm, and the new height is 1.5cm. The engraving of this circular "XX Appreciation" seal began in Qianlong Emperor, and was copied by emperors in previous dynasties, mainly collecting calligraphy and painting in the palace. The seal engraver of Emperor Xianfeng's seal is the style of Shoushan stone seal in the early Qing Dynasty, and it should be engraved with the old seal. "Treasure of Empress Dowager Cixi" in the late Qing Dynasty, Shoushan stone was used as raw material, and it was engraved with dragons and phoenixes, Fang Zhuan, and Zhuan Shu. Face 10.4cm square, height 12cm, buckle height 9.9cm, this seal is the leisure seal of Empress Dowager Cixi. It is worth noting that the carving of the seal is extremely delicate, especially the phoenix bird occupies the top of the seal, which seems to take the dragon and Kirin under its wing, forming a situation in which the phoenix is above the dragon, echoing the power of Empress Dowager Cixi at that time. "Yuanmingyuan" is a clear seal of Yongzheng, made of Shoushan stone, printed by both sides and sealed in Chinese. The Yuanmingyuan, with a surface of 3.6cm square, a height of 7cm and a buckle height of 2.5cm, is located in Haidian, a western suburb of Beijing. It was originally a garden given to the fourth son Yin Zhen by Emperor Kangxi. After nearly a hundred years' operation in Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, it has become a large-scale royal garden integrating the elegance of palace architecture and the euphemism of Jiangnan gardens, and various forms and styles of gardening art are organically integrated. Known as "the model of all gardening arts" and "the garden of ten thousand gardens". The Yuanmingyuan referred to by Yong Zhengdi's seal refers to the garden given by Emperor Kangxi, but it does not include Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, which were later merged. "Five Blessingg Hall" has a clear seal of Yongzheng, made of Shoushan stone, engraved with oval lotus leaf seal and Chinese seal script. The face is oval, 2.5 cm wide, 3.9 cm long and 6. 1 cm high. Five Blessingg Pavilion is located in the "natural picture scroll" scenic spot of Yuanmingyuan "Five Blessingg's" language "history? Hong Fan: "First, longevity, second, wealth, third, corning, fourth, virtue, fifth, final exam." "This is the goal of ancient China people to pursue a happy life. Emperors of the Qing Dynasty also attached great importance to "Five Blessingg". Emperor Kangxi gave Yong Zhengdi a plaque that read "Five Blessingg Hall". Yong Zhengdi copied these three characters and hung them in Yonghe Palace and Yuanmingyuan, which will be handed down forever. This seal was made immediately after Emperor Kangxi gave the tablet. The seal of "Sanxitang" is clear, dry and long, made by Tian Huangshi. It is a rectangular seal with light elements and China seal characters. The face is 2.3 cm wide, 4.2 cm long and 8.5 cm high. Sanxi Hall, located in the West Room of West Warm Pavilion in hall of mental cultivation, is a famous ancient art collection place in Qing Dynasty. Three rare treasures in China's calligraphy history, namely, Wang Xizhi's "Sunny Snow Post", Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Post" and Wang Xun's "Yuan Bo Post", were collected by the Imperial Palace in the early years of Qianlong. In the 11th year of Qianlong (1746), Emperor Qianlong specially set up a small room in hall of mental cultivation Xinuange to collect these three calligraphy posts and named them "Sanxi Hall". Although Sanxi Hall is only four square meters, its furnishings are elegant, simple, elegant and exquisite, which always fills this narrow space and exudes a strong bookish atmosphere. Sanxi Hall began in Qianlong period, and has never changed after Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu, Xuan Tong and other dynasties, and still maintains its original appearance. The seal of "Changchun Bookstore" is clear and long, including Huangshi, Fangyin and seal script. The surface is 2.5cm square and the height is 8.3cm. This seal is the leisure seal of Emperor Qianlong. When Emperor Qianlong was a prince, Yong Zhengdi gave him the Changchun Fairy Museum and gave him the title of a layman in Changchun, so later royal bookstores were named after Changchun. Bookstores named after Changchun Bookstore are located in Yuanmingyuan, Imperial Palace and Summer Resort, and are important places for cultural activities of Emperor Qianlong. ? 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