Malay belongs to the Austronesian Malay-Porini West Asian language family, which is mainly used in Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines and parts of Sumatra. It is also one of the official languages of Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore. 1945 After Indonesia became independent, Malay used in many places outside Sumatra was called Bahasa Indonesia. In addition, Malay is also a widely used working language in East Timor. About130,000 people in Malaysia speak Malay as their mother tongue, accounting for about 52% of the national population. Malay can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Malay in a broad sense is the Indonesian language family in the Guide Island language family, while Malay in a narrow sense refers to a language used by countries near the Straits of Malacca. Malay (Malaysian: Bahasa Melayu) belongs to the Indonesian family of Austronesian languages in a narrow sense. There are 7 million to 6.5438+0.8 million people using Malay in the world, mainly distributed in Malaysia and its neighboring countries, such as Thailand, Singapore, Brunei and parts of Sumatra Island in Indonesia. Before 1945, Malay was also used in many places outside Sumatra, Indonesia. However, when Indonesia declared its independence from the Netherlands, the Malay language used in the country was called Bahasa Indonesia. In addition, Malay is also a widely used working language in East Timor.
The official languages of the Malaysian Federation and Sultans Of Brunei are also one of the official languages of Singapore. It belongs to the Indonesian family of Austronesian languages. Distributed in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, southern Thailand and Sumatra, Riau and Linga Islands in Indonesia. The user population is about 6.5438+million.
In the 7th century, South Sumatra produced an ancient Malay language with a large number of Sanskrit loanwords, which was widely used as a commercial language. /kloc-After the 0/4th century, dialects appeared in Malaya, Jakarta, Ambon and other areas, and at the same time, market Malay appeared, which is a simplified Malay language distributed in Nanyang Islands. Malaysia's modern standard Malay, also known as Malaysian, is different from Indonesian in some basic vocabulary, some pronunciation and some morphological and syntactic features. Malay has 6 vowels, 3 diphthongs and 24 consonants (6 of which are foreign consonants). Most loanwords come from Sanskrit and Arabic. Most word segmentation consists of two-syllable roots, which form derivatives or express some grammatical meaning through front, back and middle affixes. The gender, number and case of nouns remain unchanged, and the overlapping method can form plural numbers to express other grammatical meanings. Malay is an analytical language, and its syntactic relations are expressed by function words and word order. The basic structure of a sentence is subject-predicate-object, with attributive after noun and adverbial after verb. Malay originally used Palawan script originated in India, and after14th century, it used Jaw script, that is, Malay written in Arabic letters. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the British changed the Arabic alphabet into Latin alphabet. After 1904, modern Malay written in Latin letters was introduced to Malaya, and some parts of Malaya and Sumatra still use jawtail characters.
The difference between Malay and Indonesian can be compared to the difference between British English and American English. People who use these two languages can basically communicate with each other, but there are some differences between pinyin and vocabulary in writing system. The main reason for this difference is that Indonesian borrowed many words from Javanese and Dutch. For example, the Malay word for "post office" is "pejabat pos", but the Indonesian word for "post office" is "kantor pos", which is a word borrowed from the Dutch word "kantor" and the Dutch word "office".
Before the 20th century, because most Malays believed in Islam, they used an improved Arabic alphabet writing system called "Jawi" to write. Later, another Latin alphabet writing system called Rumi gradually replaced the original position of Jawi in daily life. The difference of writing system between Malaysia and Indonesia actually reflects the difference of writing system between the two colonial governments-the British colonial government and the Dutch East India Company.
In Indonesian, the vowel /u/ is written as "oe" according to Dutch custom. When Japan occupied Indonesia, the vowel was changed to "u" by the Japanese colonial government (therefore, the name of Su Jianuo, the first president of Indonesia, was changed from Su Jianuo to Su Jianuo). Similarly, the consonant /t before 1972? /,although it is represented by "ch" in Malay, it is written as "tj" in Indonesian according to the Dutch custom. So "grandson" is written as "chuchu" in Malay, but it is written as "tjoetjoe" in Indonesian.
This situation did not change until 1972. Due to Indonesia's "Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (accurate pinyin; With the publication of Perfect Spelling, these differences in writing systems between Malay and Indonesian show signs of narrowing. For example, the Malay word "ch" and the Indonesian word "tj" were changed to "c", so "grandson" became "cucu". In addition, Indonesian no longer uses "dj" but "J" which has been adopted in Malay, so the spelling of Jakarta has changed from "Djakarta" to "jakarta". The "J" originally reserved for semi-vowels in Indonesian has also been replaced by the "Y" in Malay.
Although the writing systems of Malay and Indonesian are almost unified, there are still some differences between the two languages due to some historical reasons. For example, "money" is written as "wang" in Malay, but "uang" in Indonesian.
Malay belongs to the Malay-Polynesian language family. Since14th century, as more and more Malays followed Islam, they began to use an Arabic script called Jawi. /kloc-In the 9th century, the British designed the Malay script which is widely used now according to the Latin alphabet, while the Indonesian script was designed by the Dutch. There is no difference between Indonesian and Malay except spelling. The grammar of Malay is fundamentally different from western European languages. Malay is an analytical language without prefixes and suffixes, and the corresponding functions are realized by adding words. The plural form of nouns is realized by simply saying nouns twice. For example, "rumah-rumah" means "house". However, nouns followed by numerals are singular, adding a unit of quantity, which is similar to the English "seven cows" structure. There are many such units in Malay, for example, animals (ekor- head, tail), people (orang-man), and flowers, jewelry, silk thread and even fishing nets. "Two cats" is "Duekor Kuching" in Malay, and two children are "Budak Duorang" in Malay.
Many borrowed words in Malay come from Sanskrit and Arabic. Loanwords from Malay in English are: orangutan (ape), checkered cloth (striped or checkered cotton cloth), sarong (apron), bamboo (bamboo), rattan (rattan), kapok (kapok), rice (rice) and kapok (killer).
As long as you study hard, you can learn Malay well. I hope I can help you.