I. Overview of Hainan

Hainan Island is a pearl in the South China Sea of China and the second largest island after Taiwan Province Province. China has the smallest land area and the largest ocean area. The total land area is 33,920 square kilometers, the forest area1714,700 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 5 1%. Tropical natural forests, which account for about half of the forest area in the province, have completely stopped protection and restoration since 1994. The main tree species in the plantation are rubber, eucalyptus, Casuarina equisetifolia, acacia, Pinus koraiensis, mango, longan, litchi, coconut, betel nut and other tropical fruit trees. The main forest by-products are tropical fruits, paper scraps, rubber and rubber materials, turpentine, southern medicine and so on. Hainan is located in the tropics, with an annual average temperature of 23-25℃ at east longitude 108 degrees 37 minutes, north latitude-10 degrees 05 minutes, and north latitude -20 degrees10 minutes. It is the coldest in February. Long summer without winter. When the northern country thousands of miles away is frozen, it is still warm and warm here, so you can take a sea bath. The island covers an area of about 34,000 square kilometers and has a population of 7 million, including about 65,438+200,000 ethnic minorities such as Li, Miao and Hui.

Hainan Island is at the same latitude as Hawaii in the United States, with rich coastal tourism resources of 1528 km, which can be developed into a world-class tourist destination. The climate on the island is pleasant all year round, and it is rich in minerals, animals and plants, especially oil and natural gas. Tropical rain forests and mangroves are rare forest types in China, which are ideal places for scientific research, tourism and teaching. 4200 species of plants were found, accounting for 15% of the national plant species, and nearly 600 species were endemic to Hainan. Among the 4,200 species of plants, there are more than 400 species of trees and shrubs/kloc-0, accounting for 28.6% of the species of trees and shrubs in China, of which more than 800 species are timber trees with high economic value; There are more than 2,500 kinds of medicinal plants, accounting for about 30% of the national medicinal plants, including 137 kinds of plants with anticancer effect; 142 kinds of fruit trees; 89 species of oil plants; There are nearly 200 other economic plants. There are 104 species of reptiles in wild animals, accounting for 29.5% of the whole country; There are 76 species of mammals, accounting for 18.6% of the whole country. Hainan's rich biodiversity occupies a very important position in China. Protecting biodiversity is one of the key tasks of Hainan forestry. There are 58 species of national key protected plants, including class I 1 species, class II 19 species and class III 38 species. Protected animals 133 species, including national second-class protected animals 14 species and provincial protected animals 32 species.

Hainan Island is located in the middle of the Asia-Pacific economic circle, facing Leizhou Peninsula across Qiongzhou Strait in the north, including Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, islands and reefs of zhongsha islands and their territorial waters. There are Wuzhishan, Limuling Mountain and terraced fields in the middle, surrounded by plains of different widths. With modern facilities such as Haikou Airport and Sanya Phoenix Airport, the island has become one of the top ten airports in China, with expressways around the island and high-star hotels all over the province, providing people with high-grade food, accommodation, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment. The suitable climate and excellent beaches make this place full of ideal bathing beaches and summer resorts, such as Luhuitou, Yalong Bay, Dadonghai and Tianya Haijiao in Sanya, Xiuying Sea in Haikou, Qinglan Bay in Wenchang County, Changpo in qionghai city, the north and south coasts of Tongguling, Monkey Island in Lingshui County and Fish Scale Island in Dongfang County. There are also wonders of volcanic eruption along the coast (such as Qiongshan? Quot underwater village "and Ma 'anling lava cave, etc. ) and mangrove coastal landscape. The South China Sea Monkey Island in Lingshui County is often mentioned. Wuzhishan is the main peak of Hainan Island, which is particularly majestic. The former site of Qiongya Column in Qiongzhong is a memorial to the modern revolution. Li nationality is only distributed in Hainan Island, with a population of about 700,000. They are good at textiles, printing and dyeing, clothing and food, and have distinctive national characteristics, making them the most important ethnic tourism resources in Hainan.

Hainan Island's charming seawater, snow-white beaches, bright sunshine, charming underwater world and legendary ethnic customs will definitely make you linger. The four seasons here, such as spring flowers in full bloom, fragrant melons and fruits, sunshine, beaches, seawater and air, as well as the affectionate and charming Li Miao girl and Xinglong leisure hot spring, all exude the special charm of this tropical island.

Two. Geography and climate

Location and area:

Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bounded by Qiongzhou Strait in the north, facing the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam in the north, facing Taiwan Province Province in the South China Sea in the east, and bordering the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the southeast and south respectively. The administrative areas of Hainan Province include Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands, the islands and reefs of Nansha Islands and their sea areas. The total land area of the province (including Hainan Island, Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,000 square kilometers and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like an oval Sydney, running from northeast to southwest, with a total area of 33,900 square kilometers (excluding satellite island). It is the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island. Hainan

Qiongzhou Strait, which faces Leizhou Peninsula across the sea, is about 18 nautical mile wide, and Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China.

Mountains and rivers:

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 500 meters and 800 meters, which are actually hills and low mountains. There are 8 peaks 1000 meters above sea level, which have become long walls rolling on low hills. The peaks above1500m are Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Ridge, Ozone Ridge and Monkey Mountain.

Ling, Yajialing, Diaoluoshan, etc. These mountains are generally divided into three mountains. Wuzhishan is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867. 1 m, which is the highest peak in Hainan Island. Ying Ge Mountain is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of1811.6m; Yajialing Mountain Range is located in the west of the island, with the main peak at an altitude of 15438+09.8+0 meters. Hainan Island is high in the middle and low around, and most of the relatively large rivers originate in the central mountainous area, forming a radial water system. There are only *** 154 rivers on the island, and the catchment area of 38 rivers exceeds 100 square kilometers. Nandujiang and Changhua

Jiang and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island, and the basin area of the three major rivers accounts for 47% of the whole island area. Nandu River originates from Nanfeng Mountain in Baisha County, obliquely crosses the northern part of the island, and enters the sea in Haikou City and Qiongshan City, with a total length of 3 1 1km. Changhua River originates from Kongshiling, Qiongzhong County, traverses the western part of Hainan Island and reaches Changhua Port, with a total length of 230 kilometers. The upper reaches of Wanquan River are divided into north branch and south branch, which originate from Wuzhishan and Fengmenling in Qiongzhong respectively. Two tributaries flow to the mouth of Longjiang River in qionghai city and enter the sea at Boao Port, with a total length of 163km.

Climate:

Hainan is the place with the most tropical marine climate characteristics in China. It is warm and hot all year round, with abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet seasons, strong normal wind, frequent tropical storms and typhoons and diverse climate resources. In Hainan Island, the annual total solar radiation is about11kloc-0/40 kcal/cm2, the annual sunshine hours are 1750-2650 hours, and the illumination rate is 50- 60%. By region, the sunshine hours are the most in the western coastal areas and the least in the central mountainous areas; According to the season, according to the order of summer, spring, autumn and winter, from more to less. The annual average temperature is between 23 and 25 degrees Celsius, which is lower in the central mountainous area and higher in the southwest. There is no winter throughout the year, and it is coldest from/kloc-0 to February, with an average temperature of 1 6-24 degrees Celsius and an average extreme low temperature of more than 5 degrees Celsius. Summer is from mid-March to165438+1early October, and July to August is the month with the highest average temperature, which is 25-29 degrees Celsius. The west, south and zhongsha islands have a tropical maritime climate, with no summer and no winter, and the average annual temperature is 26.5 degrees Celsius. There is abundant rainfall in most parts of Hainan Island, with the average annual rainfall exceeding 1600 mm. The east is humid and the west is dry. The rainy center is located in the eastern mountainous area of Central China, with an annual rainfall of about 2000-2400 mm, and the annual rainfall in the western rainless area is about 1000- 1200 mm, with uneven seasonal distribution. It is dry in winter and spring, and the dry season lasts for 6 to 7 months from 1 1 to April and May of the following year. There is a lot of rainfall in summer and autumn. May to 10 is the rainy season. The total rainfall in rainy season is about 1500mm, accounting for 70-90% of the annual rainfall. Rain sources include frontal rain, thermal thunderstorm and typhoon rain. The humidity in Hainan Island is high throughout the year, and the annual average water vapor pressure is about 23 hectopascals (Qiongzhong) to 26 hectopascals (Sanya). The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwest coastal areas are semi-dry areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas.

Three. Hainan resources

Land resources: Hainan Island is the largest "tropical treasure land" in China, with a total land area of 3.442 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the national tropical land area. The land available for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is about 0.48 hectares per capita. Due to the superior light, heat and water conditions, the growth and reproduction rate of organisms are better than those in temperate and subtropical regions. Farmland can be planted all year round, and many crops can be harvested two or three times a year. According to suitability, land resources in Hainan Island can be divided into seven types: suitable cultivated land, suitable rubber land, suitable hot land, suitable woodland, suitable grazing land, water surface land and other land. At present, Hainan Island has developed and utilized about 3152,000 hectares of land, and undeveloped land is about 260,000 hectares, of which about 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed and utilized is concentrated and contiguous, which is suitable for reclamation and mechanical tillage. Hainan is rich in land reserve resources and has great development potential.

Crop resources: Grain crops are the crops with the largest area, the widest distribution and the highest output value in Hainan, mainly including rice, upland rice, Shan Lan slope rice and wheat, followed by sweet potato, cassava, taro, corn, sorghum, millet and beans. Cash crops mainly include sugarcane, hemp, peanuts, sesame seeds, tea and so on. There are many kinds of fruits, belonging to 53 genera and 29 families of cultivated and wild fruits. The fruits cultivated into commodities mainly include pineapple, litchi, longan, banana, plantain, citrus, mango, watermelon, carambola and jackfruit. There are 120 varieties of vegetables. Hainan Island is rich in tropical crop resources. There are more than 3000 kinds of tropical plants on the island. After the founding of New China, more than 1000 species were introduced from abroad, and more than 1000 species of useful plants were excavated from foreign wild resources for cultivation experiments.

Experiments have achieved remarkable results. At present, tropical crops with large planting area and high economic value mainly include rubber, coconut, oil palm, betel nut, pepper, sisal, citronella, cashew nuts and cocoa.

Plant resources: Hainan is the birthplace of tropical rain forest and tropical monsoon forest, with rapid vegetation growth and various plants. Up to now, there are more than 4,000 species of vascular plants in Hainan Island, accounting for about17 of the national total, including more than 600 species endemic to Hainan. Among more than 4000 kinds of plant resources, there are more than 2500 kinds of medicinal plants; There are more than 2,000 species of trees and shrubs, among which more than 800 species are of high economic value, and more than 20 species are listed as special products and rare tree species under state protection. Fruit trees (including wild fruit trees) 142 species; More than 70 kinds of aromatic plants; There are more than 200 kinds of tropical ornamental flowers and garden trees. The largest plant resource reserve is the tropical forest plant community type, and the vertical zoning of tropical forest vegetation is obvious, with the characteristics of mixed, multi-layer, different age, evergreen, dry height and crown width. Tropical forests are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Bawangling, Diaoluoshan and Limushan, among which Wuzhishan is undeveloped virgin forest. Tropical forests are famous all over the country for producing precious tropical timber. Among more than 65,438+0,400 species of coniferous and broad-leaved trees, there are 800 species of trees, of which 458 species are listed as national commercial timber, and 5 species belong to special timber, including pear, pollock, amethyst, litchi and wood, with 34 species in the first grade, 48 species in the second grade and 65,438 species in the third grade.

Animal resources: There are more than 500 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Hainan, including 37 species of amphibians (1 1 species is only found in Hainan, and 8 species are listed as national endemic animals); Reptiles 104 species; 344 species of birds; 82 species of mammals (2 1 species is endemic to Hainan). Rare animals in the world are: black-crowned gibbon and deer, one of the four great apes in the world. Water deer, macaques and clouded leopards are also very precious. Southern medicine resources: Hainan is rich in animal and plant medicine resources and is known as the "natural medicine storehouse". Among more than 4,000 substances, about 2,000 can be used as medicine, accounting for 40% of the country. There are 500 kinds in Pharmacopoeia, and 137 kinds of anticancer plants have been screened out. There are more than 30 kinds of southern medicines, among which the most famous ones are the four famous southern medicines. Areca nut, Alpinia oxyphylla, Amomum villosum, Morinda officinalis. There are nearly 50 kinds of animals and marine medicinal materials, such as pilose antler, monkey ointment, bezoar, pangolin, hawksbill, sea dragon, seahorse, sea snake, amber, pearl, sea cucumber, coral, mussel shell, oyster, concha Haliotidis, shark's fin and tortoise plastron.

Fourth, Hainan is the best.

The largest rubber production base and the earliest test-tube rubber seedlings

Our island is the largest rubber production base in China. The rubber planting area has reached 4 million mu, and the annual output accounts for two-thirds of the national natural rubber sector. The earliest test-tube rubber seedlings were also successfully planted in our island. 1June, 1983, Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute transplanted their rubber test-tube seedlings into the field and survived, blossomed and set fruit, which became the earliest record of rubber anther culture research in the world.

The most birds and animals

Compared with other parts of the motherland, Hainan has the most kinds of animals, including more than 70 kinds of mammals and more than 340 kinds of islands.

The oldest turtle and the largest cultured pearl.

The oldest surviving turtle in China is over 300 years old. Weighing 240 kg, I live in Xisha. It was escorted to Beijing by naval soldiers in 1983, and it laid eggs in the window of China Revolutionary Military Museum. The Japanese sea cucumber along the Xisha Islands is the largest of more than 1000 sea cucumbers in the world. It is 60-70cm long,10cm wide, 8cm high, and the maximum length can reach 90-1.20cm.. At present, the largest cultured pearl in China is butterfly pearl cultured in Lingshui County 198 1 year, with a diameter of 15.5× 19 cm.

The largest sea and the southernmost territory.

Our province is located in the blue sea of the South China Sea, the largest marginal sea in China. Among the islands in the South China Sea, the Nansha Islands have the widest range and the largest number of islands and reefs, and the Zengmu shoal at its southern end is the southernmost territory of China.

Minimum latitude and maximum annual average temperature

Hainan is the province with the lowest latitude and the highest annual average temperature in China. The annual average temperature of Xisha Islands is above 26.5℃, and the monthly average temperature of/kloc-0 is above 1 7.3℃, while that of Hailaer, Heilongjiang Province is MINUS 27.6℃ in the same month.

Maximum wind speed and maximum thunderstorm

Hainan Island is called "Typhoon Corridor". Typhoon 1973 14 passes through Qionghai county in the east of the island with a wind speed of 8 1 m per second, while typhoon 12 has a wind speed of only 37 m per second. Danzhou City, located in the northwest of the island, is the city with the most thunderstorms in China. It thunders every year on average 130.7 days, and is known as the "hometown of thunderstorms" in China.

The largest coconut grove and the earliest cocoa tree

Hainan enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of coconuts" among the famous specialties in China, and the largest Chen Lin in Hainan Province is built in Wenchang City. The first cocoa plant in China was planted in Xinglong Overseas Chinese Farm in Wanning City on 1954.

The longest, most poisonous and oily plant.

White rattan growing in the tropical dense forest of Bao Dao can be as long as 300 to 500 meters. Its flexible stem is an ideal raw material for rattan furniture and the longest plant in the world. The most poisonous tree in the world is to seal the throat with blood. Eating milk sweat by mistake will lead to heart paralysis and poisoning death. A hunter can draw arrows with his milk to kill animals. The "World Oil King" oil zongzi from Africa settled in Bao Dao. Its annual oil yield per mu is about seven or eight times that of peanuts and 10 times that of soybeans.

Five, Hainan exotic customs

breadfruit tree

This variety was cultivated by Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute of Hainan Province. Its fruit weighs more than 40 kilograms, sliced and baked, and tastes bitter bread, so it is called "bread tree".

There is also a precious baobab tree, which has settled in Haikou Park and is one of the trees with the largest DBH in the world. This tree is about 20 meters high and its trunk is very thick. The stem is 50 meters around and needs more than 20 people to hold it. With a life span of 5000 years, he is a long-lived man in the plant kingdom. Traveler tree

It grows in Wuzhishan area of Hainan Province. This tree is very strange. There is a "container" at the base of the petiole, which can store several kilograms of crystal clear sweet water. Travelers and tourists can drink it on their backs by tearing off the petiole, just like "Jianlibao", which is clean, hygienic, cool and delicious, exhausted and refreshed.

Eucalyptus

It is located in the herbarium of South China Tropical Crops Research Institute. The leaves are thick and green and open in an umbrella shape around them. The crown of the tree is very gorgeous, and the red and yellow flowers are in full bloom, which looks warm and elegant. As long as the breeze blows, the petals will drift with the wind, such as butterflies flying in groups, and the scenery is charming.

Rain tree, whose hometown is on the desert edge of South America, will slowly close its wide leaves at night and accumulate dew and rain in rainy days. The next day, the sun shines, the leaves open, the dew accumulates and splashes, all of which are beautiful scenery, and it is clearly "raining", which is not funny at all. Tourists who travel in the desert or climb mountains and mountains often wait for this gift "manna" under the tree to quench their thirst whenever they are thirsty.

Underwater jewelry red coral

The South China Sea of the motherland has nurtured countless lives and various red corals, which are wrapped in crystal tropical seawater as if covered with a veil of obscurity. But it shines brilliantly, competing for beauty, better than the morning glow in May and the spring flowers in March. Red agate-like thick branches are delicate and flexible, shiny and moist, seemingly airtight, with tree-like texture on the surface and section. More interestingly, the coral of red coral is white.

Whenever night falls, the white coral meets the stagnant tide and stretches out its soft tentacles, just like the paddle that swings around. Suddenly, it contracted tightly like an electric shock. Ah, it caught a little creature and couldn't wait to send it to its mouth. Although it has no digestive system, it has a unique way of digestion. Food is digested by its peripheral blood vessels, and it secretes a powdery substance, which is calcareous. It is it that enlarges the bones of red corals. Height.

Baihualing waterfall

Baiyao Waterfall is more beautiful. At the top of the green hills, among the green forests, a silver chain descended from the sky, which was loud, white, magnificent, picturesque and spectacular. With a drop of 300 meters, the waterfall presents a three-stage falling rock flow, forming various beautiful landscapes. The first-class "Golden Dragon Spitting Beads" is the source of the waterfall. Water gushes from the top of the mountain and shines in the sun. The second level is the panacea pool, where the water quality is pure and warm, and it is pure natural mineral water, which contains minerals needed by the human body. Regular drinking can cure diseases. Three-level "white skin pond", the spring water is scattered along the cliff, and the spray is flying, which looks like "fairy scattered flowers".

Romantic alpine waterfalls

Fengshan Waterfall is located 8 kilometers east of Shilu Town, Changjiang Li Autonomous County. It originates from the nearby Bao Mei Mountains, flows through the hillside on the east side of Liu Feng Mountains and flows into Shilu River. The waterfall exhausts air from the 700-meter-high rock flow on the east side of the main peak of Romantic Mountain, forming a rapid three-stage cascade waterfall, which is vast and spectacular with a drop of more than 600 meters.

There is a huge Tianchi Lake in the waterfall of Romantic Mountain, which is deep and urgent, boiling endlessly, forming a rotating vortex. Water patterns are full of color, sometimes like blooming honeysuckle, and sometimes like floating jade belts. The cliffs around Tianchi Lake have been treated like knives and axes, and the adjacent canyons and streams are covered with exotic flowers and trees, which are colorful and particularly beautiful and charming.

Sanya is the central city and transportation hub in the south of Hainan Province. It is an important foreign trade port at the southernmost tip of the golden coastline that is open to the outside world in the southeast coast of China; It is the south gate of the motherland; It is a new international tropical seaside scenic tourist city under construction.

Sanya is located at the southernmost tip of Hainan Island, with north latitude1809' 34 ",east longitude1837' 27" and east longitude10856' 30 "-10940". Lingshui County in the east, Baoting County in the north, Biledong County in the west and Nanhai in the south. Urban area 19 19.58 square kilometers, of which the planned urban area is 37 square kilometers. It is 9 1.6 km long from east to west and 5 1 km wide from north to south. The whole territory faces the mountains in the north and the sea in the south, and the terrain gradually inclines from north to south, forming a long and narrow polygon. China's coastline is 209. 1 km, and there are 9 large and small harbors 19. The main ports are Sanya Port, Yulin Port, Nanshan Port, Tielu Port and Liudao Port. The main bays are Sanya Bay, Haitang Bay, Yalong Bay, Yazhou Bay, Dadong Bay and Moon Bay. There are 40 large and small islands, and the main island is 10. The larger one is Xixia Island 2. 12 square kilometers and Wuqizhou Island 1.05 square kilometers.

Sanya has a unique geographical advantage in international economic relations. From Sanya to the east via the Philippines to the western Pacific, to the south via Australia to the south Pacific, to the southwest via Indo-China Peninsula to the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, about 900 kilometers away from Guangzhou, it is the real south gate of the motherland. Sanya is also the rear base for protecting the South China Sea Islands, and its strategic position is of great significance in national defense.

Sanya, known as Yazhou in ancient times, has a long history. 1In March, 992, archaeologists discovered the site of Sanya people 10,000 years ago in Robbie Cave, which advanced the human history of Hainan by two to three thousand years. It is the earliest known human settlement in Hainan Island and the southernmost site of Paleolithic culture in China. Ancient Persian tombs have also been found along the coast. Yazhou was one of the three southern counties established as early as Qin Shihuang. Zhu Ya County was established in Yacheng Town, Sanya City in the Han Dynasty, Linzhen County in the Sui Dynasty and Zhou Zhen in the Tang Dynasty. Song Dynasty became the southernmost prefecture-level county in China. Sanya has been called "the ends of the earth" since ancient times because it is far away from the imperial capital and hangs alone overseas. Jian Zhen, a famous monk and prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Ding, Hu Quan, a famous minister in the Song Dynasty, and Huang Daopo, a textile worker, visited Yazhou successively, making important contributions to the economic and cultural exchanges and development in this region.

In A.D. 19 12, Yazhou was changed to Yaxian. 1950 in April, Ya County was liberated and the county people's government was established. In mid-June 1954, the county party committee and government and directly under the authority moved from Yacheng to Sanya. 1958 merged with Baoting, Lingshui and Wanning Xinglong Niulou areas to form Yaxian County (big county), and 1959 and 196 1 year were divided into two counties, Baoting and Lingshui. Yaxian county reserves its jurisdiction. 1984 May19 With the approval of the State Council, Yaxian County was abolished and Sanya City (county level) was established. 1On September 26th, 987, the State Council approved Sanya to be upgraded to a prefecture-level city. On February 30th of the same year, 65438+ Sanya prefecture-level city was formally established and listed for office. The administrative system of Sanya is the municipal government, offices, township governments and villagers' committees. The city has jurisdiction over two administrative districts, one office (Hedong, Hexi Administrative District and Nanhai Office), 10 town (Tengqiao, Wanglin, Hongsha, Tiandu, Yanglan, Litchi Valley, Tianya, Yacheng, Baogang and Meishan) and three towns (Gao Feng, Yucai and Liang Ya). In addition, it also governs five state-owned farms: Nantian, Nanxin, Nandao, Cai Li and Nanbin.

Sanya is a place where more than 20 ethnic groups, including Han, Li, Miao and Hui, live together. 1by the end of 998, the total population of the city (permanent population) was 463,700 (urban population137,000); Among them, Li178,000, Miao 2907 and Hui 6024. The languages are Mandarin, Hainan dialect, military dialect, Mai dialect, Li dialect, Cantonese, Danzhou dialect and Cantonese. ?

Sanya's urban environment is extremely unique, with three natural beauties of mountains, sea and river concentrated in one place, which constitutes Sanya's unique natural landscape. The urban area is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with Baopoling in the north, Dahualing, Hubaoling and Gaoling (Gouling) at an altitude of 393 meters in the east, and Nanbianling in the south, forming an encircling trend, with undulating mountains and distinct levels; At the same time, the extension of the mountains divides the urban area into several spaces surrounded by green mountains, providing different spatial landscape environments for different areas of the city. Looking back at the sea, the mountains are like green barriers, reflecting the charm of Sanya. Many hills also provide commanding heights overlooking the sea, river bends and urban landscapes. Sanya faces the South China Sea, and there are many bays, each with its own beautiful scenery. Dadonghai, Xiaodonghai and Sanya Bay, which are located in urban areas, have the closest relationship with citizens' lives. The east and west islands on the sea seem to be a door facing the South China Sea, adding a sense of hierarchy to the wide sea surface. The sea fog floats by, and the two islands are hidden among them, adding a bit of mystery; Walking on the beach, you can vaguely see the deer as a symbol of Sanya city. Sanya has two rivers, east and west, which run through the city. The two rivers cross and meet in the north of the South China Sea and the Middle Island. The natural coastline is tortuous and changeable, and the upstream water network is crisscross. Mangroves naturally grow on both sides of rivers, sometimes waterfowl fly and fish jump in fish scales. Beautiful scenery, full of vitality.

Sanya is located in such a beautiful natural environment characterized by mountains, seas and rivers. Urban construction pays attention to the harmonious relationship between the city and the natural landscape environment and ecological environment. The ingenious combination of "mountain, sea, river and city" constitutes the unique environmental characteristics of Sanya.