1. Seed material is produced in the riverbed of Yulong Kashi, and water is a natural tool for carrying and polishing jade.

Product name: Hotan sheep fat seed material weight (g): 60000 Liang. Hetian jade mountain material is produced on the iceberg at the source of the Yulong Kashi River.

3. In the riverbed at the foot of the head of the Yulong Kashi River, there are indeed some raw materials of mountains and waters washed down by the water to grind off some edges and corners.

4. After more than 200 kilometers of flood, the raw materials of landscape washed to the flat Hotan area of Yulong Kashi River and deposited, naturally without edges and corners, and were ground into pebble-like seed materials.

At first glance, the above evidence sounds reasonable and impeccable. But according to my decades of on-the-spot observation and repeated thinking, I think the above statement is not comprehensive, only talking about its surface, not its essence. A large number of facts have proved that the seed material was not washed away by the mountain material flood, that is to say, the primary ore of the seed material is not mountain material, but another primary ore body similar to mountain material itself. There are six arguments:

1. The source of the Yulong Kashi River, that is, at the foot of the flowing iceberg, is about 270 kilometers away from Hotan City, which produces seed materials. In this 270-kilometer-long riverbed, from the iceberg with flowing water to the riverbed about 20 kilometers down, several flowing waters can be lifted. From 20 kilometers down to more than 200 kilometers, there is no jade at all. From about 200 km to 270 km, this riverbed is the main area for producing seed materials.

2. Some people say that there is no jade in the middle section near 180 km, because the current is too fast, and the jade can't survive, and all of it is washed downstream by the flood. Excuse me, isn't the river speed more rapid than 20 kilometers ahead? Why can you find jade in that section more or less? And this 180 km section, why can't you find a piece of jade, big and small? The riverbed is full of egg-shaped stones. There is not a piece of jade, and the stone has not been washed away by water, but the jade with a much larger proportion than the stone has been washed away by water. Therefore, the explanation that "jade can't survive because the water is too fast" is naturally untenable.

3.2. From the quality of jade, the quality of jade in running water is different from that of seed jade. The quality of seed jade is more delicate, moist and colorful than that in flowing water. Some people say that this is because the seed material is washed away by the current, leaving only the middle part, which is of course better. But the texture I'm talking about is not bad outside, but good in the middle. Water scouring can't change the texture and color of jade, can't wash rough into fine, and can't wash warm color into cool color.

4. For example, in order to sell mountain materials to high-priced seed materials, many people do not hesitate to fake, cut off the edges and corners of mountain materials, and then put them into a roller to be crushed with sand and gravel to make artificially ground seed jade. Is this seed material of good quality? Still no, people with a little experience will know that it is ground from mountain materials.

5.3. Seed materials have five basic colors: white, blue, blue, yellow and ink. There are only two kinds of jade materials, white jade and sapphire, but there are no jade, ink and topaz at all. So where did the jade, ink and topaz in the river come from? What's more, the color of seed material is different from one piece to another, while a pit of mountain material is basically the same.

6.4. Seed materials are egg-shaped materials washed out from mountain materials, but there are also many seed materials that are half stone and half jade. If the above logic holds, then this phenomenon should not occur. Because we all know that jade is harder and more wear-resistant than stone, and jade has been ground into extremely smooth pebbles. Can the stone be loaded?

7.5. Judging from the distribution of seed material's texture and color in the river, after years of observation and summary, I found that jade materials with similar color, texture, fragmentation, performance and even skin color are basically produced in the same river section, and there are few confusions. As long as you bring a piece of jade, we can basically know where it is in the river, which is basically the same as the reason why the mountain material is produced in the mine. If it was washed down by water, there could be no such obvious difference.

8.6. There are all kinds of seed jade and Gobi materials on the Gobi Desert, ranging from Nurdosi in Qira County to Piamandoyo160km in Mo Yuxian. Is it true that all the jade on the Gobi desert in Fiona Fang, which is about 900 square kilometers, was washed out by rivers? I don't think so.

9. To sum up, seed material was formed by volcanic eruption hundreds of millions of years ago. This egg-shaped primary ore body remains at the bottom of the sea. After crustal changes and orogeny, this land in Xinjiang changed from sea to land, and seed materials also surfaced, resulting in the current situation. Therefore, the seed material is not washed with mountain material, not mother and child. They are also two unrelated primary ore bodies in the same deposit.

Characteristics of hetian jade

colour

All kinds of jade are fascinating with their own natural colors and rank among the world's treasures. Jade experts attach great importance to color. Color is not only an important criterion for evaluating the quality of Hetian jade, but also the main basis for its classification. The color of Hetian jade is the best among all kinds of jade, and it is cherished because of its unique jade color.

Compared with nephrite in other areas at home and abroad, Hetian jade has more colors and formed its own series. Hetian jade has four basic colors: white, cyan, yellow and black, and some transitional colors, such as innocence and gray. Hetian jade has rare white jade in the world, especially sheep fat white jade, which is unique to Hetian jade and has high value. In addition, Hetian jade has a variety of skin colors. Many jadeites in the world have this color, but it is not as beautiful as Hetian jade. Especially Hetian jade, there are many colors, such as autumn pear, reed flower, bordeaux, black and so on. Jade carving artists use various skin colors as jade names, such as autumn pear skin, tiger skin, bordeaux skin and black skin. Using skin color can make beautiful jade, which is naturally interesting. From the stone to the present, the original jade is very valuable and is called the treasure.

difficulty

Hardness is one of the important marks to identify Hetian jade. The hardness of minerals is a mechanical property of minerals to resist the invasion of other objects. Hardness is usually expressed in two ways: (1) relative hardness, or Mohs hardness, which is a kind of scratch hardness. (2) Absolute hardness, also called indentation hardness. According to the weight that the mineral surface can bear.

The Mohs hardness of Hetian jade is 6.5 ~ 6.9, which is slightly different among different varieties. Generally speaking, the hardness of sapphire is slightly greater than that of white jade. In the jewelry industry, hardness is generally regarded as an important symbol to distinguish gems from jade. The hardness of gemstones is generally above Mohs 7, and the hardness of jade is generally between Mohs 4 and 7. Hardness below Mohs 4 is usually called colored stone or carved stone. High hardness, good polishing performance, can make jade shine, and is also convenient for storage.

toughness

Toughness is usually the inherent bonding ability of jade, that is, the ability to resist external pressure or crushing force. Toughness is characterized by hard fracture and wear resistance. The mineral with the greatest toughness in the world is black diamond, for example, black diamond is 10 degree, while the toughness of other gems is relative: jade is 9 (nephrite); Emerald, ruby and sapphire are 8; 7-7.5 parts of diamonds, crystals and aquamarine. For example, the toughness of nephrite is 1000, while the toughness of other minerals or rocks is relatively: jadeite (jadeite) 500; Serpentine 250, etc. Nephrite has great toughness, which is not found in other jadeites.

Hetian jade has great toughness and can be used as a fine workmanship. Jade carving technique can be used to finely cut Hetian jade, which is not easy to be damaged.

transparency

Transparency is the degree to which jade allows visible light to pass, which is mainly related to the absorption of light by jade. Mineralogy is generally divided into three types: transparent, translucent and opaque. In the jade industry, transparency is more important and there are special provisions. Those with good transparency are called "Shuitou Group", "Diziling" or "Kengling". Poor transparency is called "waterless head", "boring in the ground" and "boring in the pit". To identify the degree of moth-eaten, it is necessary to polish jade and see through other objects (jade products) under a certain thickness, which can be divided into four grades: transparent body, Translucent, Micro-transparent body and Non-transparent body. Hetian jade belongs to micro-transparent body. Under the general enterprising degree, you can penetrate the light, but you can't see clearly through the object.

Bright, shiny; Shine, shine

Gloss is the ability of jade to reflect light. Hetian jade luster belongs to oily luster. The ancients called Hetian jade "moist and shiny", which means that its luster is oily and gives people a moist feeling. This kind of luster is very soft, neither thick nor light, that is, there is no crystal inspiration of strong light, nor wax texture of weak light, which makes people feel comfortable and beautiful. Sheep refers to jade, named after being as fat as a sheep. It has a good luster, is particularly moist, and is very precious.

weight

Weight is the weight per unit volume of jadeite. The weight of hetian jade is 2.66 ~ 2.976, which is measured with small weight samples. Different varieties are slightly different, white jade 2.922, blue white jade 2.976 and jet jade 2.66. Generally speaking, white jade is lighter than blue or blue white jade, while jet is lighter because it contains lighter graphite scales.

Distribution of hetian jade

Hetian jade is distributed in Kunlun Mountain in the south of Tarim Basin. It starts from Andari Tage and Alazi Mountain in the east of Tashkurgan County in Kashi region in the west, passes through Sangzhu Tage, Tiekeliketage and Liushitage in the south of Hotan region, and reaches Suramuningtag in the north wing of South Altun Mountain in Qiemo County in the east.

Hetianyu metallogenic belt is intermittently long 1 100 km. There are primary mineral deposits and occurrences of Hetian jade in the mountains, and many rivers also produce Yu Zi of Hetian jade.