"/kloc-Italian opera in the 0/9th century comes from a primitive tradition, which is healthily rooted in Italian national life." This tradition is twofold. First, traditional national consciousness. /kloc-Italy at the beginning of the 0/9th century is facing the climax of the national rejuvenation movement, and the artistic activities at the beginning of the century are permeated with strong national consciousness. Second, the advantages of traditional music. This tradition is actually an Italian opera tradition, and the influence of romanticism on Italian opera is limited. Italians are not keen on new musical styles and new instrumental schools, which makes the whole country addicted to opera creation.

Rossini is undoubtedly the standard-bearer of Italian opera creation in the19th century. His nearly 40 operas have injected new vitality into Italian operas, inheriting and carrying forward Pei Griesi's comic operas and authentic orthodox operas. His "William? Tui belongs to the French grand opera style and even won the praise of his opponent Berlioz; His opera Tancredi is known as "the first Italian heroic opera", but as Graue said in the book History of Western Music, "Xi Opera and Rossini are similar in temperament", and his artistic achievements are mainly in Xi Opera.

The comedy opera The Italian Girl in Algiers reveals a deep national complex between love and relaxed laughter. "The Barber of Seville" makes people appreciate the composer's relaxed, wise and naughty style. His operas pay attention to the audience's appreciation taste and the differences between theaters. On this basis, he can also create works with unique artistic temperament. He is good at playing the traditional Italian lyric style, trying his best to meet the needs of the Italian audience in coloratura and melody, but he can also portray the personality of the characters in lyric and laughter. Although the effect of the band is still slightly thinner than Verdi's, it has made great progress compared with the habit of belittling the band in Italian opera. The application of duet, the technique of "Rossini gradually strengthening", rich rhythm, beautiful melody modeling, clean and clear orchestration and approachable temperament all make Rossini a representative of Italian opera in the first half of the19th century, which is a distinctive Italian style different from French and German operas.

After Rossini, Donetti and Bei Lini inherited Italian opera creation. But the styles of these two opera composers are different. Donizetti's opera creation involves two aspects: orthodox opera and comic opera. For example, the orthodox operas "lucia of Lamel" and "Beloved" pursue the same dramatic music effect and psychological portrayal of characters, especially the former, which surpassed Rossini's orthodox opera to a certain extent and directly provided reference for Verdi later. Compared with writing formal operas, loving opera is a more popular aspect of Donizetti. His Girls in the Army, Don pascual and Sweet Alcohol of Love have all reached a high artistic level, and gained a unique style with their rough style, powerful harmony and cheerful rhythm. However, Bei Lini's opera creation took a different path. Although there are many factors that love opera in his representative works, they still belong to the formalistic opera style. He is different from Rossini and Donetti at the same time, and has deep and melancholy romantic feelings. Its operas are delicate, gentle, solemn and elegant. Paying more attention to melody than any other factor is similar to Chopin's lyric style. Whether in Norma, Sleepwalking Girl or Puritan, this kind of temperament with Italian lyric tradition and its own feminine style can be seen everywhere.

Although Donizetti's rough musical style and the paleness of Bei Lini band are still criticized by many people, the Italian opera creation from Rossini to Donizetti and Bei Lini has made the best preparation for the peak of Italian opera art brought by Verdi. To some extent, Verdi's history of opera creation is equivalent to the history of Italian music development in the second half of19th century. The most striking difference between Verdi and his predecessors is that his opera works show deeper nationalism and patriotic enthusiasm. It is not only different from the grandeur of French opera, but also different from the emphasis on thought and romantic spirit in German opera. He emphasized that opera should be a drama that embodies human nature, even if this human nature is not based on facts. His creation can be divided into three stages. The first stage is represented by bards, La Traviata and clowns, and the second stage is the peak of Aida. In these two stages, his style is grand, his melody is flexible, and he has created a new reading style. Solo, chorus and duet are more free, harmony is bold, and the band's voice and works are full. The last stage is represented by otero and Xi's opera Falstaff. Otero is the highest achievement of Italian tragic opera. Similarly, Falstaff, the last comic opera, stands at the forefront of comic opera with its artistic height. Especially the former, this work depicts the weakness of human nature, the power of nature and the transition and cooperation of the whole plot to the extreme, concise, dynamic and epic.

As an Italian composer, Verdi has always followed the tradition of Italian opera creation. The pursuit of beautiful melody is tireless, and the acceptance and transformation of music styles in other countries are also personalized. No matter in the connection between aria and recitation, as the overall design of the scene and the handling of details such as chorus and band, or the drama concept embodied in the script selection, the composer's deep thinking and exploration spirit for Italian opera in the19th century, as well as his genius, deserves to be regarded as a master of Italian opera creation.

/kloc-In the late 9th century, the unification of Italy was actually the product of compromise between the bourgeoisie and feudal nobles, which doomed the Italian people to fall into a more tragic social reality. The turbulent society has triggered artistic "realism", mainly to expose the dark side of society. Therefore, Realistic Opera reproduces the poverty, suffering and some social unrest factors of ordinary people in their lives. In order to achieve the "real" effect, there are even bloody and violent scenes. Its representative figures are Mascagni's Country Knight and Leon Cavaroz's The Clown. Puccini was also an opera composer in the same period, but in fact, his works are difficult to fall into this category. Even though there are some realistic factors, they are more ideological and artistic. Accurately speaking, he is an eclectic opera composer, with both late romanticism and sentimental "Mistress Manon? Leiskow, an artist with realistic factors, Lady Butterfly and Turandot with exotic pursuits. The variety of colors in his operas not only has the traditional influence of Italian opera, but also has the personality interpretation of social figures close to life at the turn of the century, especially the portrayal of oppressed female characters. It is another highlight of Italian opera creation in19th century.

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