1, hardness

The Mohs hardness of Hetian jade reaches about 6.5. Generally, when you use a knife, you won't leave any marks. If it is glass and jade with lower hardness, it will leave traces, but now many imitations also choose some jade with higher hardness, which will also leave no traces.

Step 2 color

Hetian jade has only four colors: red, cyan, ink and yellow. Legend has it that there is red Hetian jade in Xinjiang. But I haven't seen it, so if I meet red hetian jade, the designation is false. The color of red ranges from white to blue-white, yellow from light yellow to dark yellow (including sugar), cyan from light cyan to dark cyan, and ink from ink to light black.

3, translucent

There are three kinds of jade: transparent, translucent and opaque, and Hetian jade is translucent. Under the light, hetian jade is the best. You can see through light, but you can't see through images. You can aim the jade at the light source and shake it behind the jade with your hands. Really, Hetian jade can see that there are shadows shaking.

Step 4 sound

Hetian jade is thick and moist, and its pulse is firm and dense, so it is crunchy when knocked, and it is auctioned in Beijing Hetian jade. You can knock a few times with two pieces of the same jade, the price of Hetian jade in Xinjiang. If the voice is dull, it is not Hetian jade, whose voice is crisp and crisp, like steel.

5. Weight

When buying, you can measure the same volume of jade by hand. Hetian jade is heavier, firmer and thicker, generally heavier than other jade.

6. Texture

Hetian jade is moist, delicate and moist, and generally has oily luster. Other jadeites are not as moist, moist and shiny as Hetian jade. In addition, jade can be placed on the skin, which will have a cool feeling, while glass products do not.

7. Certificate number

Hetian jade is more expensive and generally has a certificate. You can call Xinjiang Hetian Jade at the Quality Supervision Bureau or check whether the number is true online.

References:

Sogou encyclopedia-Hotan jade

How to distinguish Hetian jade from imitation?

1, afghanistan white jade and Hetian jade identification: afghanistan white jade jade is fine and even, shiny and oily, and jade flowers are invisible to the naked eye, like Hetian jade.

But the hardness is low, and the white mark can be scraped with a common knife. 2. Identification between marble and Hetian jade: marble is white in color, with low hardness, which can be scraped by ordinary knives and has waxy luster, and its internal structure is waterline and striped; Hetian jade has high hardness, so the knife can't move.

3. Identification between quartzite and Hetian jade: quartzite, also known as water stone, is loose and dry, and its hardness is higher than Hetian jade. But the toughness is poor, the brittleness is strong, and the intaglio line is easy to crack.

Because of this, many quartzite ornaments are pressed out with molds at high temperature, and there are no traces of hand carving, but Hetian jade is an artificial carver with traces of carving, which can be identified. 4. Identification of Nanyang jade and Hetian jade: Nanyang jade is harder than Hetian jade and cannot be identified by scratches.

We can identify it from the appearance luster. Nanyang jade is glassy, from translucent to transparent, and Hetian jade is oily.

5. Identification of serpentine and Hetian jade: serpentine is also called Xiuyu and Chuanshi, with seed material and many varieties. The identification method is that the hardness of Xiuyu jade is low and can be cut with a hacksaw.

This is also the reason why Xiuyu is worthless. .

How to identify the authenticity of Hetian jade?

The identification of Hetian jade mainly depends on crystal transparency, internal structure and luster.

Real jade is transparent, oily and shiny, with natural patterns, and the internal fiber state is not easy to imitate. Listen to its voice, the voice of real jade is crisp, and the voice of fake jade is dull.

The authenticity can be identified by measuring hardness. With the glass plate (friction hardness of 5.5) as the standard, except jadeite and turquoise, stripes can generally be drawn on the glass plate, and jadeite itself is complete. Fake jade is generally soft and can't scrape the glass.

Distinguishing between true and false mainly depends on experience. You can't learn by talking. Still have to look at some real things. Beginners should first look at some better hetian jade. You can go to Zhuo Yixuan, where I bought jade two days ago. This jade is good. It can exercise your eyesight. When you have more experience, you can judge for yourself.

How to distinguish ordinary white jade from hetian jade?

Distinguish Hetian jade suet jade from ordinary white jade from the difference of oil wettability.

Sheep fat jade has high purity and higher oiliness than ordinary white jade. The sheep fat jade that has been played for a long time is very greasy. Even if it falls into the water, it will not stick to the water after being fished out, and ordinary white jade generally does not have this phenomenon. The difference between sheep fat jade and ordinary white jade is that Hetian sheep fat jade has a sense of powder fog, while ordinary white jade does not.

Distinguish Hetian jade, suet jade and ordinary white jade by color. The color of suet jade is not pure white, but suet white with a hint of yellow. Under the irradiation of light, there will be a layer of powder fog, but white jade does not have this phenomenon.

This can be used to distinguish suet jade from ordinary white jade. Finally, we can distinguish ordinary white jade from Hetian suet jade from the different tremolite content.

The tremolite content of suet jade is above 99%, while white jade is mostly below 98%. The transparency of suet jade is generally higher than that of white jade, which is translucent, and the water head is sufficient when observed in the sun, while the transparency of white jade is between opaque and translucent, and most of them are not translucent.

How to distinguish hetian jade? (urgent! ! )

Nephrite in China is mainly distributed in the three mining areas of Kunlun Mountain, Tianshan Mountain and Altun Mountain in Xinjiang, while Hetian jade in history is produced in Xinjiang, so this inherited name is often used to refer to nephrite in Xinjiang.

Hetian jade is distributed in the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain, with a distance of 1500 km from shache to Tashkurgan, Hotan to Khotan and Qiemo County in Xinjiang. In addition, in the 1990s, China discovered nephrite ore in the southwest of Golmud, Qinghai, which has been exploited on a large scale.

In recent years, white jade with tremolite composition has also been found in Xiuyan, Liaoning Province, but it has not yet entered the scale mining. 2. According to the output of Hetian jade, Hetian jade has been divided into mountain products and aquatic products since ancient times.

Aquatic products are called Yu Zi, and mountain products is called Shan Yu. According to the different output of Hetian jade, local jade collectors divide it into three types: mountain material, landscape and jade seed.

Mountain material is also famous for jade, which refers to the primary mine produced on the mountain. The characteristics of mountain materials are that the pieces are different and angular, and the quality is often not as good as that of Yu Zi.

Landscape refers to the jade which is brought to the middle and upper reaches of the river by the weathering and collapse of primary ore. It is characterized by being close to the primary ore, with large block size, slightly rounded edges and corners and smooth surface.

Yu Zi refers to the jade whose primary ore was eroded by flowing water and transported to the river. It is characterized by small block size, oval shape and smooth surface.

Due to long-term handling, washing and sorting, the quality of Yu Zi is generally good. 3. Sheep fat white jade is only produced in Yulong Kashi River (Baiyu River) and Karakash River (Moyu River), and it is a special white seed jade.

I used to be able to produce hundreds of pounds of suet jade hair a year. Although large-scale mechanical mining has been introduced in recent years, the annual output is only a few tens of kilograms, which is on the verge of extinction. Because sheep fat white jade is weathered and transported first, and then washed away by water for thousands of years, the core essence can be condensed. In fact, what is left is very fine, so the color is as white as sheep fat, the luster is as bright as the moon, and the structural components are very pure.

4. Qinghai jade is often passed off as Hetian jade in Xinjiang, because the market price is low, but there are still some differences between Qinghai jade and traditional Hetian jade: Qinghai jade is translucent, more transparent than Hetian jade, slightly thicker in texture, slightly lower in proportion, less delicate in texture than Hetian jade, lacking the dignified feeling of suet jade, and transparent waterlines are often seen. The color of blue ocean materials is also slightly incorrect, often gray, green and yellow, and there are also many jade materials mixed with black and white, black and yellow, green and white, green and yellow, which are used as clever colors.

Qinghai jade is basically mountain material. The origin of Russian materials also belonged to the territory of China in ancient times, and now it has been allocated to Russia.

The physical properties of Russian materials are basically the same as those of Xinjiang mountain materials, and some of them are a little transparent, probably because of the high latitude, so the color is cold and hard, and the oil is poor, so it is difficult to serve. At present, the price of the best Russian materials on the market has surpassed that of Xinjiang materials, because Xinjiang has not mined first-class mountain materials for several years, and the quality of new mineral materials produced now is not as good as that of first-class Russian materials.

Therefore, I personally think that the appreciation potential of good Russian materials is still very huge. 6. At present, there is no quality grading standard for white jade in China (because the composition, whiteness and delicate structure of jade can be measured, but there is no quantitative index to define oiliness and wettability), which leads to market confusion and some people take the opportunity to fish in troubled waters.

As far as I know, Hetian jade has a local standard, but I think it is formulated to push Xinjiang jade to the world market. Its sheep fat white jade standard is relatively low. According to this standard, the top Russian materials, Qinghai materials and Xinjiang materials, regardless of mountain materials, are suet white jade! ! ! (Xinjiang mineral and rock appraisal institutions implement this standard. The gap between this standard and the standard of suet white jade in our industry is too big! In the true sense, suet jade refers to the top-grade white seed material produced in the riverbed of Luyu River in Hotan, Xinjiang. But at present, this kind of top-grade material has basically disappeared for a long time. At present, the so-called' sheep fat material' we can see in the market is mostly seed material washed down by melting snow in Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang, also called mountain material (or landscape). There is no difference between high-quality material and seed material.

As for other materials, such as minerals mined in Kunlun Mountain, Russian minerals and so on. The texture and seed material are very different. Although high-quality is white, it does not belong to the real' sheep fat jade'. Sheep fat jade' is just an old name for the high-quality white jade in Hetian, Xinjiang (glittering and translucent and oily, but if the quality is condensed), and it also represents the highest grade of soft white jade in China and Hetian. No matter what kind of material is white enough, it is called suet white jade, which is irresponsible. According to the present grade (Hoan seed material with tremolite as the main generating substance), only its density, chromaticity, oiliness and purity reach the first grade can it be called' sheep fat grade' white jade.

In addition, the real suet-grade white jade is not particularly white, but slightly yellowish! Anyway, although suet white jade is the best of jade, I can't put it down at the price of more than 200 thousand kilograms now! Hehe ~ ~ This price is not nonsense! If you don't believe it, you can go to your regular gemstone business organization for consultation. It is skillful to identify Hetian jade with naked eyes. Hetian jade in China has a long history and is well-known at home and abroad. Its exquisite products are an integral part of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Hetian jade is an aura thing, symbolizing great wealth, but people often lack the vision to distinguish authenticity. With the improvement of people's living standards, high-grade jade articles that were once played by princes and nobles gradually entered the homes of ordinary people.

So, where does the collection of Hetian jade ware begin? How can I buy real Hetian jade products? One: Look at the material of jade: the material is the primary premise of jade collection, and high-quality jade material is very important for a jade. At present, the usual price, the same level of jadeite is 6-8 times that of mountain material.

In the market or online, it is more common to sell skinless mountain materials or Russian materials as fillers. Russian material is also a mountain material, and the material composition is the same. It is called Russian material because the ore is mined in Russia and the price is much lower. It is characterized by white color, but the jade is too watery, that is, the transparency is too heavy, and the density and oil texture are not as good as the authentic Hetian jade! It is difficult for people with little experience to tell if they sell rice in Russian. At present, there are only a few on the market or online.

There is no national standard for real suet jade, which is produced in ice-covered glaciers. mutton tallow

How to identify hetian jade

The accurate judgment of Hetian jade in Xinjiang is based on a solid theoretical foundation and rich practical experience. Besides, there is no shortcut.

This is the fundamental reason why the staff of many gem appraisal institutions can't make accurate judgments without instruments.

The most critical step in judging which jade species it is is in the jade.

At present, many laboratory instruments can't penetrate the interior of Hetian jade in Xinjiang at all, so they can't see the interior of Hetian jade in Xinjiang. You can't judge the place of origin.

Experts judge whether it is Hetian jade in Xinjiang, mainly through the internal structure of jade. This is the only place that cannot be imitated. In addition to economic benefits, the main reason for the misjudgment of the inspection agency is that the instrument simply cannot reach the inside of the jade.

How to identify hetian jade? (Be more specific. )

Identifying Hetian jade mainly depends on the internal structure of jade, which requires a solid theoretical foundation and rich practical experience!

Tell you several basic characteristics of hetian jade, and you can make a preliminary judgment based on it!

1. Xinjiang Hetian jade is not white and opaque! This is because the content of tremolite in Hetian jade is above 95%, which is composed of various minerals! And other jade species in nature are whiter than Hetian jade! For example, Russian in Qinghai.

2. Hetian jade plays in the middle of his hand for 20 minutes, feeling very greasy and should be as smooth and delicate as a baby's skin.

3. The cleavage on Hetian jade, which is what people call crack, will heal in playing!

4. Hetian jade will turn green and white during playing or wearing, and it will become more and more beautiful! The skin color of the seed material will become more and more gorgeous!

All jade that meets the above characteristics must be Hetian jade!

If you are not sure about the appraisal, you can look at the appraisal certificate. True hetian jade is a felt-like fiber interwoven structure, while other hetian jade can only be a fiber interwoven structure, because according to the new standard, all jade containing tremolite (no matter how much) is generally classified as hetian jade. The tremolite in Zhenhetian is over 95%, so you must see it clearly when you buy it.

How to identify the real hetian jade?

LZ has obvious conceptual errors from the beginning.

White marble does not belong to jade at all, commonly known as marble. It is obviously problematic to classify marble with Hetian jade and jadeite jade.

In addition, the identification standards of Hetian jade and jadeite jade are basically different at present. Jadeite is generally divided into A-goods, B-goods and C-goods. Natural jadeite without coloring is A-goods jadeite. Among A-goods jadeite, jadeite can be divided into collection grade, jewelry grade and commodity grade according to variety, moisture and color, which requires professional knowledge and rich practical experience, and can not be done by reading one or two books casually.

Hetian jade is not graded. According to the origin, nephrite from Russia, Hotan area of Xinjiang and Qinghai area is collectively called Hotan jade, at least according to the current national standards. According to the formation state of nephrite, it is divided into mountain material, seed material, landscape material and Gobi material, and according to the color, it is divided into white jade, sapphire, topaz and jet (there is a saying of ruby now, which is only popular in the circle, but the official does not admit it). I have seen people comment that a piece of Hetian jade is first-class white and second-class white, but people who play Hetian jade never call it that.

Identification of Hetian jade, like jade, requires a lot of time, such as seeing more, touching more, asking more questions and learning more.

How to distinguish the true and false identification certificate of Hetian jade

First, look at the inspection agency: the state has very strict qualification certification for the quality appraisal agencies of jewelry and Hetian jade, and only the appraisal certificate issued by the recognized appraisal agency is valid.

Formal hetian jade appraisal certificate will generally have one of the words CMA, CAL and cncal. If there are none of the three, it is a false certificate.

Second, look at the identification content of the certificate: 1, identification certificate number: this is essential, because sometimes, customers need to re-check online to see if the identification certificate is really from an identification agency or forged. That's enough. That's the point. 2. The appraisal certificate of Hetian jade is of course Hetian jade. What needs special mention here is that the meaning of the word "Hetian jade" is not what it used to be. The original (before 2003) refers to Hetian jade produced in Hetian area of Xinjiang.

Since 2003, the state has revised the concept of Hetian jade, and the concept of Hetian jade has been expanded to include not only Hetian jade produced in Hetian area of Xinjiang in a narrow sense, but also all jade whose main components are tremolite, such as Qinghai jade, Russian jade, Hanyu jade and Luodian jade, without emphasizing the origin and occurrence. 3. Shape (form): Including the names of the carvings, such as Dharma, Brave, Guanyin, etc. It is definitely not the occurrence of jade itself. I won't tell you whether the jade carved here is mountain material, seed material or landscape material.

4, weight: this is very easy, as long as you put it on the scale dedicated to jewelry and jade, you can copy the data. 5. Color: Under normal circumstances, it is obvious that this column is blank or replaced by some meaningless symbols, but many Hetian jade are leather. If the reason for the color displayed in the remarks column is not determined or the reason for the epidermis is not determined, it can only show that the appraisal institution can't make a judgment and can't identify whether the leather color is fake leather or second leather color.

6. Density: Some businesses fill in this item, while others don't. The density of Hetian jade is 2.95-3. 10g/cm3. Generally, merchants will not personally measure the density, even if they do, there will be errors, so just fill in any data between 2.95 and 3. 10, and there will be no technical errors.

However, the jade species of Hetian jade are different, and the density of Hetian jade is definitely different. Relatively speaking, the density of white jade is slightly lower, the density of sapphire, jasper and jet is higher, and the density of seed material is higher than that of mountain material. These are all basic common sense. 7. Refractive index: Hetian jade is composed of tremolite, and the refractive index of tremolite is 1.5438+0, so this data can be ignored and meaningless.

All appraisal certificates will be filled in like this. 8. Look at the signature of the appraiser: Usually, the Hetian jade appraisal book needs the signatures of both the appraiser and the reviewer, and the Hetian jade appraisal book can only take effect if both of them sign at the same time.

9. Look at the seal: Strictly speaking, the seal stamped on Hetian jade appraisal certificate must be steel seal, and the handwriting on the steel seal should be clear and legible. Extended data:

The jade certificate only proves the truth: "Generally speaking, the quality inspection agency refers to the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and its qualified inspection agency or the jewelry and jade inspection station of the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. Their identification is only for mineral composition. For example, all tremolite can be identified as Hetian jade, and Yunnan Huanglong jade can also be identified as Jinyu because their mineral composition is the same. "

Li Changbao, president of Xinjiang Jinsiyu Culture Association, told the reporter that the A-goods appraisal certificate can only prove that it is a natural stone, not glass or anything else, but only the authenticity and not the quality. For example, Hetian jade belongs to "nephrite" among jade, but not all nephrite is Hetian jade.

Nephrite is produced in many places. Due to different origins and causes, the quality and value of nephrite are obviously different. Hetian jade is divided into Xinjiang Hetian jade (Xinjiang material), Qinghai nephrite (Qinghai material), Russian nephrite (Russian material) and Korean nephrite (Korean material).

Appraisal institutions can only appraise part of the data. For these jadeites that meet the value of nephrite, a certificate of "Hetian Jade" will be issued. So Qinghai jade, Russian jade, Korean jade and so on. There will be "Hetian jade certificate" on sale in the market, but it is not the real Hetian jade in Xinjiang, and its value often varies greatly.

"From tens of thousands of millions of high-grade jadeites to tens of dollars of jadeite tourist crafts, it can be said that it is A goods." Xiao Yongfu told reporters, "It is not difficult to identify the authenticity of jewelry. Like some long-term practitioners, you can generally see the authenticity at a glance; The identification process is not complicated. Generally, it is only necessary to analyze its gemological characteristics with conventional gem testing instruments, which costs a few dollars and takes a few minutes. "

"But if a piece of jewelry needs all-round appraisal, 1000 yuan can't be done." Xiao Yongfu said that in fact, even if it costs two or three thousand yuan, it is still true and false identification, not price identification.

"From the collection point of view, the identification of jewelry and jade should have a cycle, which is as short as one week and as long as one month. Only in this way can its stability be detected. " Li Changbao said that compared with ordinary gemstone appraisers, art appraisers will not only test the mineral composition, but also evaluate the economic value. However, the appraisal certificates on the market at present are all issued by gemstone appraisers and cannot be used as a reference for value.

"The certificate can't identify what jade you bought. There are many kinds of jade, and their values vary greatly. Hetian jade also has secondhand goods, which are more used to pickle pickles. If you take this to identify, you can also give you an A-goods identification certificate. "