In our 5,000-year history, countless outstanding giants have been born. They either made history or went down in history, because they left immortal thoughts and articles. Inquiring about their successful footprints, we are surprised to find that there is a great mother standing behind them almost without exception!
1 Meng Mu Loongson
2 Xu Mu's benevolence and righteousness
In the history of China, Xu Shu's mother in the Three Kingdoms period was the second among the mothers who were honored as "three virtuous mothers" by later generations.
Xu Shu, a native of Yingzhou (now Xuchang, Henan) in the Three Kingdoms, was born in honest and frank. I became friends with Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong in my early years. He voted for Liu Biao, and later voted for Liu Bei as a strategist. When Xu Shu defected to Liu Bei, Liu Bei was alone in the disaster. There are only a thousand soldiers, and there is only one new project in the city. Only Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Guan Ping, Zhou Cang and others. After Xu Shu became Liu Bei's military adviser, he showed his talents. In a few months, he even tried his best to kill Lv Kuang, cut Lv Xiang, beat Coss and take Fancheng. Liu Bei's morale was greatly boosted, and Cao Cao's arrogance was one of the chills. Cheng Yu, Cao Cao's counselor, said to Cao Cao: Xu Shu's talent is 10 times higher than that of Cheng Yu. Unfortunately, however, when Xu Shu became more and more brave in the Vietnam War, he had to retreat from the torrent. In the early days of the Three Kingdoms, an extremely important strategist was lost in the battlefield where counselors and wise men lived in peace, and many operational methods that could be learned and imitated by future generations were lost. Fortunately, when Xu Shu bid farewell to Liu Bei, he recommended Zhuge Liang to him, so there was a story of "visiting the thatched cottage" that was told through the ages.
Why did Xu Shu suddenly leave Liu Bei when he was displaying his talents? All because of Cao Cao's counselor Cheng Yu. Xu Shu is a famous dutiful son. Cao Cao heard counselor Cheng Yu say that Xu Shu was giving advice to Liu Bei, so he wanted to keep it for himself. Cheng Yu taught Cao Cao to trick Xu Shu's mother into Xuchang, and asked Xu Shu's mother to write and summon Xu Shu. I didn't expect Xu's mother to be an old man with a clear sense of loyalty and righteousness. Xu's mother saw through Cao Cao's plot and resolutely refused. Cheng Yu went further and forged a letter from Xu's mother to attract Xu Shu. Xu Shu is a dutiful son. After receiving this fake letter, he had to bid farewell to Liu Bei and vote for Cao Cao. When Xu Shu was leaving Liu Bei, they said goodbye with tears in their eyes. Xu Shu pointed to Liu Bei and said, "I wanted to work in Wang Ba with the general, so I occupied this place. Now that I have lost my mother, I am in a mess. It's no use. Please say goodbye. " Liu Bei cried, "Yuan has taken it straight! What would I do? " Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang, saying, "This man can't be compromised. You can ask him kindly. If you get this person, it is no different from Zhou Heliano. "
Xu Shu was easily tricked into Xuchang by a fake letter, making her mother commit suicide, which caused Xu Shu's lifelong regret. He hated Cao Cao, and Cao Cao was only happy in the end. What he got was a bystander who never made a plan for him. The old mother hates the stupidity of Jiuquan, and Xu Shu, who is disheartened, can't help but sigh: "I am Xu, who has the heart to serve the country, but I am unable to return to heaven; Unfaithful, unfilial, and a minister. "
At that time, Cao Cao's name was Han Xiang, and his official career was authentic. Xu's mother, on the other hand, can clearly distinguish traitors and forgeries, and thinks that her son's defection to Cao Cao is a bright pearl, which shows her great virtue and high righteousness.
3 Popo tattoo
Since Yue Fei picked the king with a gun and made a scene, he returned to his hometown of Shangyin, Henan Province with,, and.
At this time, the northern state of Jin rose, and the four princes Jin Wushu led troops to invade the south. The imperial court in the Northern Song Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, unable to resist. The capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng) was occupied by Jin Bing, and Emperor Qinzong and Emperor Taizong Hui Zong were also exiled to the north. The nomads from the Central Plains burned, killed and looted, committing all kinds of evils. In addition, this year's plague epidemic in Henan, but also a drought, no grain harvest. The people are in trouble and suffering. Yue Fei, his mother and wife are struggling at home, down and out, very desolate. Wang Gui, Tang Huai and Niu Hao's parents died one after another. Some people can't stand hunger and cold, so they have to do something unclean. Yue Fei advised them several times not to take ill-gotten gains, but they didn't listen. Finally, they went up the mountain and became an outlaw together. Yue Fei is very sad to see this.
One day, Yue Fei was talking to his mother at home when someone knocked at the door. Yue Fei received the man from the room. Only then did I know that the bearer was Wang Zuo, the headquarters of Yang Yao Rebel in Dongting Lake. Because Yang Yao had long longed for Yue Fei's all-rounder, he sent Wang Zuo to hire him and help him. At present, Wang Zuo has taken out a lot of gold and silver jewelry as a dowry. Yue Fei said seriously: "Yue Fei was born in the Song Dynasty, and it is a ghost to die in the Song Dynasty!" Do not accept firm words. Wang Zuo was very helpless, so he finally picked up his dowry and went back to the mountain.
After Wang Zuo left, Yue Fei went in and told her mother in detail. Mother-in-law listened and pondered for a while, and asked Yue Fei to go to nave to put down the incense table, straighten the incense sticks, and then go out with her daughter-in-law, burn incense and light candles to worship the ancestors of heaven and earth. Also called Yue Fei kneeling on the ground, daughter-in-law grinding ink. Mother-in-law said, "Son, it's great for mother to see that you are willing to be poor and not greedy for wealth." But I'm afraid that after I die, some malicious people will seduce me. If my son lost his ambition and did something disloyal, wouldn't he lose his reputation for half his life? So, today, I want to tell the ancestors of heaven and earth that I want to tattoo the words' faithfully serve the country' on your backs. I wish you a loyal minister and loyal service to the country. I will be immortal and laugh at Jiuquan! " Yue Fei listened and said, "Mother is right, then tattoo the child." He took off half his clothes. Mother-in-law picked up a pen and wrote "loyalty to the country" on Yue Fei's back. Then she took the embroidery needle and stabbed him in the back. I saw Yue Fei's flesh shrug. My mother-in-law asked, "Does my son hurt?" Yue Fei said, "Mother never stabbed me. How to ask the child if it hurts? " Mother-in-law cried and said, "Son, you are afraid that your mother is soft, so you say it doesn't hurt." Say it, bite your teeth and stab. Apply vinegar ink after piercing, so that the color will never fade. Yue Fei got up and kowtowed to his mother, saying it was to discipline his son.
At this time, King Kang of Song succeeded to the throne in Jinling (now Nanjing). This is the Southern Song Dynasty. The imperial court issued an imperial decree, hired Yue Fei to work in Beijing, and took revenge for rejuvenating the country and led troops to ask for thieves. Yue Fei received the imperial edict and immediately packed his bags. Mother-in-law reminds children not to forget "loyalty to the country". Yue Fei said goodbye to his mother, told his wife, and then got on the horse and went to Beijing. Later, Yue Fei led the troops to defeat the army of nomads from several times in an attempt to restore the Central Plains. Unexpectedly, Qin Gui, the prime minister of the imperial court, had an affair with Xu Jin and framed Zhongliang. They tricked Yue Fei into Beijing, falsely accused him of rebellion and sent him to prison. During the trial, Yue Fei took off his coat, revealing four impressive Chinese characters of "serving the country faithfully" on his back. He stood in awe and rushed to the bullfight. But evil was rampant for some time, and Yue Fei was finally killed in Fengbo Pavilion. However, the mother-in-law trains her son to serve the country and is a national hero. Yue Fei's reputation has been passed down through the ages.
4 dong mom jiao school
Monk's mother has become a model of mother's musical instrument in the world because of stories such as Three Movements of Meng Mu and Breaking the Machine to Teach Children. But little is known about the story of Yan Zhizhai, the adopted son of Confucius' mother. In fact, Confucius also played a vital role in the growth of Confucius.
Zhong Wei, the ancestor of Confucius family, was the younger brother of Zhou Wang, the last king of Shang Dynasty. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty, Wei Zi, the eldest brother, was named the monarch of the Song Dynasty by Zhou. After Wei's death, Zhong Wei succeeded to the throne. By the time of Confucius' father's generation, it was already fifteen, and Confucius was only a warrior in Lu. Boqin, the ancestor of Confucius' matriarchal family, is the ancestor of Lu, his eldest son, his grandson and the first king of Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wenwang Ji surname, enfeoffment of his descendants as the duke, with fiefs as the surname, passed down from generation to generation, became Yanshi. Confucius' mother is the daughter of Lu Yanshi.
In his later years, he married the young woman Yan and gave birth to Confucius. In Sima Qian's Historical Records? Confucius Family records: "Confucius was born in changping town, Shandong. First, the Song people also said that Confucius was against uncles. Prevent uncle from being born, but be born in Shu. Confucius is the illegitimate child of Ge Heyan's daughter. Pray for Confucius Niqiu. Duke Xiang of Lu was twenty-two years old and Confucius was born. It was first born in Ding Wei and was named Qiu Yun. From Sima Qian's records, three historical facts were confirmed: Yan's daughter, Ye He and Ding Wei.
There are few historical records about Yan's daughter. In the later "An Exegesis of Kong's Surname", it was said: "Kong was before the Song Dynasty. ..... Xia Bo gave birth to Shu, although he had nine daughters and no children. His concubine gave birth to Meng Pi, whose name was Meng Pi Bernie, and she was ill. So he proposed to Yan. The Yan family has three daughters, and the youngest son is Zheng. Father Yan asked his third daughter,' Doctor Wei's father is a scholar, but he is a descendant of the holy king. Today, his body is ten feet long, and his strength is unparalleled. I am greedy. Although the old man is strict, there is no doubt about it. Who can be the wife of the third son? The second daughter is right, and the characteristic is:' What do you want from the paternal system? Father said,' I can do it. So I took my wife with me. In the past, when I was in the temple, my husband was old, and I was afraid of men from time to time, but I prayed privately that Confucius would be born in the mountain of mud hills, hence the name Zhong Ni. "At that time, Confucius' father was over 60 years old, while Yan's daughter was under 20 years old, which made her move. In addition to the descendants of Confucius' holy king and unparalleled force, another reason is probably the aforementioned "door-to-door".
Because of the age disparity, it was impolite at that time, so there was the theory of "sexual intercourse" recorded in Historical Records. It is said that acacia is wild. According to this statement, Confucius is an illegitimate child. However, Confucianism has always avoided this statement, thinking that whitewashing Confucius' family instructions is detrimental to the dignity of a "saint." In fact, for the matter of "sexual intercourse", they tend to live together without marriage.
As for the concept of "being fixed", Confucius' parents also have the same desire, hoping that a son can pass on the ancestral temple. Confucius was born on September 28th, 55 1 year BC, and was pregnant because Confucius prayed in Nishan. His parents named him Qiu. "Zhong" means ranking second, "Ni" means Nishan, and "Qiu" means leading. When Confucius was about three years old, Shu died and was buried in Fangshan. Later, Yan took him away and lived in Qufu. His family was quite poor at that time.
The recruited father is a well-read man. At that time, he was able to make his daughter cultured and polite, and it was obvious that he was open-minded. My father's direct teaching not only accumulated rich knowledge and knowledge, but also had high cultivation in education and etiquette. She moved all her father's books to her new home, and chose one of the three rooms as the study room, so as to teach Kong Qiu to study when he was five years old. First, she collected five children, taught in her own home, and got the tuition for each student, five barrels of millet and a load of firewood, enough to feed her mother and son.
Zheng is teaching children Chinese characters, arithmetic, singing and manners. Kong Qiu began to study with his students when he was less than six years old. Later, Zheng accepted several apprentices and became his mother's little helper. Under the painstaking cultivation and careful education of Confucius, Kong Qiu, who was less than ten years old, learned all his lessons, because he loved to ponder, was willing to think with his head, had an outstanding memory, and liked to help others, and became a leader in his classmates' study. With Confucius' career as a tutor, his experience of helping others learn has a direct impact on Confucius' private school education and future education.
According to the regulations at that time, boys will go abroad to study (with other teachers) at the age of ten. Confucius closed her school and sent Kong Qiu Jr. to the best school in the city to study poetry, classics, history and other courses, which were later called poetry, books, rites and music. At that time, the school was called "East", belonging to a government-run university, which concentrated the best teachers in Shandong and implemented very strict education. Because Yan and Lu Guojun were of the same ancestry, Confucius was still educated in school as a noble child. Confucius received a good education from an early age, which not only came from his mother's strict teaching at home, but also came from the support of Yan family in Lu country and the care of Ji family.
Confucius' aristocratic status was recognized not only by the Yan family, but also by the monarch of Lu at that time. Zhao Gong ten years, Confucius got a son at the age of 20, and Lu gave him carp, so he named him carp. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, Confucius was thirty-five. Zhao was defeated and fled together. Confucius also fled together to avoid chaos.
Confucius and the Yan family, because of their mother, also maintained a very close relationship. Among the early disciples of Confucius, Yan Lu, as a member of the Yan family, could not go far in blood relationship. Later, Zhong You also married Yan's daughter. The first stop for Confucius to travel around the world was Weiguo, because he accepted Yan's recommendation and invited Confucius to be an official in Weiguo. Zhong You is Yan Kanyou's brother-in-law, and Yan Kanyou is a relative of Confucius' mother. They are close and well informed. Among the 72 disciples of Confucius, there are Yan Hui, Yan Xing, Yan Zu, Gao Yan, Yan Fu, Yan Kuang and Yan Hao.
It is precisely because of this deep dependence between mother and son that the story in The Book of Rites Tan Gong came into being: When Confucius was seventeen, his mother Yan Zhizai died, and Confucius insisted on burying his parents together. Because his mother was ashamed of sexual intercourse, he never told his father where the grave was. In order to find out where his father's grave is, Confucius thought of a way to bury his mother in the Fifth Father's Road. According to the usual ceremony, the funeral should be in bed, not outside. Today, Confucius deliberately buried his mother outside in order to attract people's attention and make people ask strange questions, so that Confucius could take the opportunity to inquire about the location of his father's grave. Later, I asked Zou Renman's father's mother, only to know that his father was buried in the defense field, and later his parents were buried together.
Compared with Meng Mu's godson, Confucius lacks some classic examples, but as a young widow, she can choose a good person to settle down, teach in person and study abroad, making her the greatest educator and thinker in China. Behind a generation of saints, we can still say that it is because there stands a great mother.
5 Ouhua Mudi
Ouyang Xiu was a famous scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is a scholar in the middle of 1030. In May of his childhood, he was appointed as an official of Xijing State, in charge of documents. Since then, he has served as a collator, an admonisher, a secretary's deputy envoy and a political participant in the magistrate's county, the prefecture and the pavilion. He is an outstanding writer and historian, and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Ouyang Xiu was born in a feudal official family, and his father Ou Yangxun was a small official. In the fourth year after Ouyang Xiu was born, his father died, so all the burdens of family life fell on Ouyang Xiu's mother Zheng. In order to make a living, my mother had to take Ouyang Xiu, who had just turned 4, from Luling to Suizhou, leaving orphans and widows to be taken care of by her uncle Ouyang Xiu.
Ouyang Xiu's mother Zheng was born in a poor family. She has only studied for a few days, but she is a persevering, knowledgeable and hardworking mother. She kept telling young Ouyang Xiu stories about how to be a man, and made a summary of the story every time she finished, which made Ouyang Xiu understand a lot about being a man. What she teaches her children most is not to follow the crowd, not to follow the crowd. When Ouyang Xiu was a little older, Zheng tried to teach him to read and write. One is to teach him to read the poems of Zhou Pu and Zheng Gu, poets of the Tang Dynasty, and nine monks at that time. Although Ouyang Xiu had a little knowledge of these poems, he enhanced his interest in reading.
Seeing that Ouyang Xiu is old enough to go to school, Zheng wants his son to study, but his family is poor and can't afford paper and pens. Once she saw grass growing on the pond in front of her house, and it suddenly occurred to her that it would be nice to write on the ground with these grass stems. With straw as a pen and sand as paper, she began to teach Ouyang Xiu to practice calligraphy. Ouyang Xiu practiced writing on the ground one by one according to his mother's instructions, repeatedly, and wrote again when he made a mistake until his handwriting was neat and meticulous. This is the "painting adopted son" that has been passed down as a much-told story by later generations.
Under the education of his mother, young Ouyang Xiu soon fell in love with poetry collections. Write every day, read every day, accumulate more and more, and you can finish reading at a very young age. /kloc-When he was 0/0 years old, his mother often took him to borrow books from people with many books nearby. Because he didn't, she asked him to copy the borrowed book.
One day, he found a six-volume anthology of Han Changli from the Li family's old wastebasket, got the owner's consent and took it home. Open it, open your eyes, forget all about eating and sleeping, and read day and night. In the early Song Dynasty, gorgeous, impetuous and empty style prevailed in society, but Han Yu's style was completely different from it. Ouyang Xiu was moved by Han Yu's fresh and natural articles. He happily told his mother that there are such good articles in the world.
Although Ouyang Xiu is still young, he may not fully understand Han Yu's literary thoughts, but he laid the foundation for him to get rid of the flashy style of writing in the future. It was inspired by this thought that an idea of learning from Han Yu and getting rid of the bad atmosphere in the literary world at that time rose in his heart.
When Ouyang Xiu grew up, he went to Tokyo to take the Jinshi exam and won the first place three times in a row. When Ouyang Xiu was 20 years old, he was already a famous figure in the literary world at that time. My mother is happy for Ouyang Xiu's outstanding talent, but she hopes that her son can not only achieve outstanding literary achievements, but also live up to his conscience in dealing with people.
Ouyang Xiu's father worked as a small official in Daozhou and Taizhou, managing administrative affairs and justice. He cares about the sufferings of the people, is honest and clean, and is deeply loved by the people. After Ouyang Xiu grew up to be an official, his mother often told him about his father's achievements as an official. She told her son that when your father was a judicial officer, he often handled cases at night. He was very careful about cases involving ordinary people and read them again and again. Anyone who can be given a lighter sentence will be given a lighter sentence; For those who really can't be alleviated, they often express deep sympathy and sigh. She also said: Your father is an official, honest and selfless, often gives money to others and likes to make friends. Although his official salary is not much, he is often not allowed to have any surplus. He often says not to turn money into a burden. So after his death, he didn't leave a room or a ridge of land.
She warned her son that it is not necessary to be rich to support his parents, but it is important to have a filial piety. Although you can't give your possessions to the poor, you must be benevolent. I have no ability to teach you, as long as you can remember your father's teachings, I will be relieved.
These mother's inculcations are deeply imprinted in Ouyang Xiu's mind. At that time, Ouyang Xiu's official position was not high, but he was very concerned about state affairs and dared to remonstrate. When Fan Zhongyan offended Lv Yijian and was exiled to the south, many ministers sympathized with Fan Zhongyan. Only Gao Ruone, an admonition officer, thinks that Fan Zhongyan should be demoted. Ouyang Xiu was very angry and wrote to blame Gao Rene for not knowing that there is shame in the world. For this matter, he was banished to other places and returned to Beijing after four years. In order to support Fan Zhongyan's New Deal, Ouyang Xiu came out to speak again, which greatly annoyed some dignitaries in the court. They accused Ouyang Xiu for no reason, and the court demoted Ouyang Xiu to Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province).
Chuzhou is surrounded by mountains and has beautiful scenery. After Ouyang Xiu arrived in Chuzhou, he often put his love affairs in the mountains and rivers after handling political affairs. A local monk built a pavilion on Langya Mountain in Chuzhou for tourists to rest. Ouyang Xiu often drinks in this pavilion when he goes hiking. He called himself "Zuiweng" and named the pavilion Zuiweng Pavilion. His famous work "Preface to Drunk Pavilion" was written at this time. "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but between mountains and rivers." The joy of mountains and rivers, the heart follows the wine. "In his article, he described the cheerful scene of drinking with guests in the drunken pavilion and the changeable natural scenery outside the pavilion with concise language, and expressed his thoughts and feelings of" having fun with the people ".
As Li Bai said: I am talented and useful. Ouyang Xiu was a local official for more than ten years, and was finally remembered by Song Renzong. Song Renzong was moved by Ouyang Xiu's talent and transferred him back to Beijing as a bachelor of Hanlin. At the beginning of his tenure, he actively advocated the reform of writing style. One year, the capital held a Jinshi exam, and he happened to be the examiner. He thinks this is a good opportunity for him to select talents and reform the style of writing, so he asks the examiner to look at the candidates with a new eye. If they find mysterious and flashy articles, they will not accept them. Ouyang Xiu's criteria for recording the list have created a generation of writing style, recruiting talents and talents, and naturally offended those flashy candidates. On the day of the award, many candidates were very dissatisfied with Ouyang Xiu and shouted insults at him. Some people even stopped Ouyang Xiu from riding out and asked him to explain. After this storm, Ouyang Xiu was under some pressure, but the writing style in the examination room changed from then on. Everyone began to abandon those harmless and grandstanding articles, and then formed a simple, free, rigorous and elegant style of writing.
Ouyang Xiu not only vigorously reformed the style of writing, but also paid great attention to discovering and promoting talents. Many previously unknown talents have become famous through his appreciation and promotion. The most famous are Ceng Gong, Wang Anshi, Su Xun and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe. In the history of literature, Ouyang Xiu and other six people, together with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, are called "eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Ouyang Xiu is an honest official, but he does not forget to honor his mother who has suffered for himself. In the fifth year of Emperor Hu Handi, Ouyang Xiu's mother died in Nanjing at the age of 73. Ouyang Xiu transported her mother's body back to her hometown for burial. His mother's kind face and hard-working figure always appeared in front of him, and his mother's inculcation inspired him to achieve his lifelong career.
In memory of his mother, he wrote A Brief Introduction to Birth, which revealed the deep affection between mother and son.
Ouyang Xiu's mother is full of a sense of justice. Her words and deeds have influenced Ouyang Xiu's life, making him aboveboard, daring to say and do things, and being respected by future generations.
6 Tao haircut tuiyu
Lixian Street in Tianxin District of Changsha today is said to be named in memory of Corporal Zhan Shili, Tao Kan's mother.
Tao Kan was a famous soldier in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He used to be the governor of eight States, the general of the western regions and the duke of Changsha. He has a very virtuous and understanding mother.
In order to commemorate this mother, people built a virtuous mother-in-law building where Taomu once lived in the northern section of Shahe Street in the south of the city, and called the street where the address of blessing was located "Lixian Street".
During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were many ethnic minorities in the south of the Yangtze River. Lujiang County, where the Tao family moved, is a place where Manchu people live in Pan Hu. The Xi nationality is also called the Xi nationality because it is located in the Five Rivers Valley. Tao Kan's appearance is different from that of Han people, so he was once called "River Dog", and history books also said that he was "vulgar and diverse".
Tao Kan's ancestors are unknown in the history books. His father, Dan Tao, was a border general of the State of Wu, and his official rank was General Yang Wu. Wu Yang, a miscellaneous name, has a low status. It can be traced back that there were no prominent officials in Tao Kan's last life. When he was young, he worked as a "fish beam official", indicating that his family belonged to a "poor family" and other low social status. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, the Central Plains called Jiangnan people "beyond national subjugation", and the gentry in Jiangdong were also politically suppressed by the gentry in the Central Plains. People like Tao Kan who "look at non-clan, vulgar and diverse" are in an even more difficult situation.
Tao Kan lost his father when he was a teenager, his family was poor, and he lived alone with his mother Zhan. Zhan is a very strong woman. She is determined to make her son get ahead. In this environment, Tao Kan was very disciplined. He helped his son make friends through his own textiles. Later, Tao Kan became the county master book under the recommendation of the county gongcao's weekly visit, and began to get rid of the status of a humble servant.
Once, Lian Xiao Fan Kui of Poyang County passed by Tao Kan's home. It snows heavily. Tao Kan was in a hurry, because his family was poor, and he was worried that he didn't have a way to entertain guests and left his friends in the cold. Mother looked into her eyes and comforted him, saying, you stay here and I will try my best to entertain you. So she cut off the long hair on her head, put it on the dining table, rolled up the hay for making the bed and cut it very finely. Tao Kan "made a house pillar" as firewood to feed Fan Kui's horse. Fan Kui learned afterwards and said with emotion, "If it weren't for this mother, this child wouldn't have been born!" " ! Even the slaves who followed Fan Kui felt more than expected.
When Fan Kui left, Tao Kan chased him for hundreds of miles. Fan Kui was very moved. When he left, he asked Tao Kan, "Do you want to be an official?" Tao Kan quickly replied: "If you want it, you will be trapped in no ears." . Fan Kui told Zhang Kui, the satrap of Lujiang, that the painting was beautiful. Wei Xiao called Du You, led by Zongyang. If you have a name, move to the main book. "At this time just the State Council to the county, he wanted to take bribes in the name of investigation. Tao Kan let his officials work with peace of mind, and said to himself, "If the county violates it, it should be clear and straightforward, and should not be forced. If you are not polite, I can resist. " Engaged in listening and retired. Tao Kan also did not forget to repay Zhang Kui's kindness. "Luckily, his wife is ill and will meet the doctor hundreds of miles away. When it's cold and snowy, the family can't bear it. Only Tao Kan said, "The father is a servant, and the monarch is a servant. Xiaojun, you are still a mother, and you don't care about your parents' illness! "So please do it, all the salt will serve its righteousness. Si Wan, a Changsha magistrate, met Tao Kan after passing through Lujiang, and Tao Kan was very humble and courteous to him, which greatly surprised the magistrate. When he left, he said to him, "You must have a name after all. ".Let his son make friends with him before he leaves.
With this relationship, Tao Kan was promoted to filial piety by Zhang Kui. With this identity, Tao Kan can enter Luoyang to meet with the upper-class celebrities and realize his ambition.
Soon, Tao Kan became a fisherman, eating official fish (pickled fish). Thinking of his poor mother, he put some fish in an earthenware pot and gave it to his mother. Unexpectedly, my mother not only refused to accept it, but also sealed it and returned it with a letter accusing her: "You are an official, leaving me official things, which is not good, but increases my troubles!" This incident gave Tao Kan a great education and laid the foundation for Tao Kan's later honest officials.
In about six years of Yuankang (296), Tao Kan arrived in Luoyang. Luoyang at that time, after decades of restoration and reconstruction, became very busy. However, the prosperity of Beijing has not brought any bright future to Tao Kan. Over the years, the system of "nine things in the right direction" has made the Western Jin Dynasty "no poor at the top and no powerful at the bottom" in selecting officials. Children of clans can live in important places in the shadow of their parents and ancestors, without worrying about future promotion.
Tao Kan also knows that a man of his status has no right to be a backer, so he can't gain a foothold in Luoyang officialdom. So he went to see Zhang Zhang, who was "good in character". But Zhang Hua "was far away at first and didn't see each other very much." Tao Kan's contempt for Zhang Hua is not discouraged. I have asked for it many times. "Every time I go, God has no color." When talking with Tao Kan, Zhang Hua was surprised and thought he was different from ordinary people. On the recommendation of Zhang Hua, Tao Kan soon became a doctor. Doctors are qualified to be selected for various official positions, but a poor man like Tao Kan can't squeeze into those prominent official positions at all.
Tao Kan stayed in Luoyang for five or six years, but his future is still very slim. During this period, the civil strife in the Western Jin Dynasty intensified. In the first year of Yongkang (300 years), Zhao Wanglun was abolished. The next year, he abolished Hui Di and proclaimed himself emperor. The unrest developed from the inside of the court to the outside. Inside and outside Luoyang, it has become a place of conflict and contention between the king's troops. In this case, Jiangdong gentry living in Luoyang returned home to avoid chaos. At this time, Tao Kan has realized that it is difficult for him to get ahead in Luoyang's door-to-door politics. Influenced by the atmosphere that the gentry in Jiangdong returned to their hometowns in succession, he also prepared to go south.
At that time, Huang Qing had been an official department official and recommended Tao Kan as Wugang county magistrate. Wugang is a county in the south of Jingzhou. At this time, Tao Kan was over forty years old. After Tao Kan took office, the relationship with Lv Yue, the satrap, was very tense. He gave up his official position and went home. Later, I became a junior high school student in the county. If it weren't for the turmoil in Jiangnan at the end of the Jin Dynasty, he would have been a small official like a county magistrate all his life. The turmoil in the south of the Yangtze River caused by the Eight Kings Rebellion provided Tao Kan with an opportunity to display his talents.
At this time, Tao Kan's mother, who had a great influence on her life, died at the age of 75.
Tao Kan is "smart, diligent in official duties, respectful and courteous, and caring for human feelings". Sitting in danger all day, no matter what happens, he handles everything, answers all kinds of documents by hand, and his pen is smooth and never delays. The reception door is not stagnant. He often said to people, "The sage Dayu cherishes every inch of shade. As for everyone, how can you escape when you are a teacher who cherishes Yin? If you don't live for it, you don't know what to die for, and you give up on yourself. " He did everything from bamboo chips to setting up a city to station troops, and he considered it very carefully. He once presided over shipbuilding, and he ordered the collection of sawdust and bamboo heads. People don't know why. After the heavy snow, the weather was fine and the snow melted. The government heard that the snow was muddy before, and sawdust was only used to pave the ground for everyone to get in and out. Decades later, Huan Wen was the secretariat of Jingzhou. When cutting Shu for shipbuilding, the bamboo heads stored in Tao Kan were used as the tripod for shipment. Tao Kan is always thinking about business and is praised.
During his decades as an official, Tao Kan always kept in mind his mother's teachings, insisting on moving out 100 bricks from home every morning and moving back all at night. When asked why he did this, his subordinates replied: My ambition is to lead troops to sweep the strongholds and restore the Central Plains. If I don't exercise well, I can't do it!
Tao Kan's representative works include abdication table, ode to the motherland, etc. There are two volumes of collected works. Tao Yuanming, a famous writer, is the great-grandson of Tao Kan.
7 Xu Xiake's adoptive mother
Xu Xiake was a great geographer, writer and historian in Ming Dynasty. Born free and vegetable-obsessed, Xu Xiake didn't like his career, so he devoted his whole life to mountains and rivers. He toured and inspected today's Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places, with footprints all over the country. During the inspection, Xu Xiake recorded his own eyes and academic thoughts in a beautiful style in the form of a diary, leaving a precious book for the world. Xu Xiake himself is known as "a strange man through the ages", while the book Xu Xiake's Travels is known as "a wonderful book through the ages".
But it was his mother's understanding and support that made Xu Xiake boldly and confidently embark on the road of pursuing his life ideal.