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What is sapphire?
Question 1: What exactly does sapphire mean? The name of ire in Sapphire sapp comes from the Latin Sapphire, which means blue. The magical power of sapphire lies in peace and happiness. It can show strength on the wearer, protect the wearer's safety, make people lucky and help people realize their dreams. It is said that in ancient times, people also used sapphire as a judgment to test whether lovers were loyal or not. If the wearer is emotionally unfaithful, sapphire will change color. Sapphire symbolizes eternal love.

Sapphire also symbolizes loyalty, loyalty, kindness and honesty. Starlight sapphire is also called "stone of destiny". Sapphire is a high-grade gemstone, one of the five major gemstones, ranking third after diamonds and rubies. Sapphire is the birthstone in September and autumn, and it is also called "sister gem" with ruby.

Question 2: What kind of material is sapphire? Sapphire is the general name of corundum gemstones with other colors except ruby, and its main component is alumina (Al2O3). Blue sapphire is caused by a small amount of titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) impurities. Sapphire can be pink, yellow, green, white, or even multiple colors in the same stone. Sapphire is produced in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Laos, Cambodia, Hainan, China and Sun Shi Mountain in Jiangjin, Chongqing, among which the rarest origin belongs to Kashmir sapphire, and Myanmar is the place where the highest quality sapphire is produced today.

Question 3: What is a sapphire concept stock? Tianlong photoelectricity 300029

Jingsheng electromechanical 3003 16

Dongjing Electronic 002 199

Photoelectricity 002273

Sapphire single crystal furnace Tianlong photoelectricity 300029

Sheng electromechanical 3003 16

Crystal sapphire single crystal furnace Antai technology 000969

San' an photoelectricity 600703

Optical crystal sapphire substrate Tiantong shares 600330

Tongfang Guo Xin 002049

Sapphire wafer Dongjing Electronics 002 199

Question 4: What does sapphire symbolize? Sapphire symbolizes loyalty, faithfulness, kindness and honesty, and its English name is sapphire. Starlight sapphire, also known as "stone of destiny", can keep the wearer safe and bring good luck. Sapphire is a high-grade gemstone, one of the five major gemstones, ranking third after diamonds and rubies. Known as "stone of destiny", Star Sapphire has many fascinating legends. Its three stars represent "loyalty, hope and fraternity" Orientals believe that wearing sapphire can protect people from evil and bring good luck. World gemmology defines sapphire as the birthstone in September. The Japanese chose it as a precious souvenir for the 23rd anniversary (sapphire) and 26th anniversary (starlight sapphire). It and ruby are called "sister gems". Sapphire, like ruby, has a hardness of 9, second only to diamond, so it is extremely hard. There are not many sapphire producing areas in the world, mainly Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Australia and China. But in terms of gem quality, Myanmar and Sri Lanka are the best. Sapphire in Kashmir, India: The cornflower sapphire in Kashmir has always been regarded as the best sapphire. It is a hazy and dense blue with purple tones, giving people a velvet appearance. A lot of mining started at 186 1 and stopped a century later. Therefore, this kind of sapphire is very precious in the world.

Question 5: What is the meaning of sapphire characteristic spectrum? You should mean the absorption characteristic spectrum of sapphire.

Generally speaking, the absorption spectrum is as follows (excluding heated sapphire):

The absorption spectrum of sapphire has absorption peaks around 450 nm, 375 nm and 387 nm, which is the crystal field spectrum produced by Fe3+. The broad absorption band around 560nm is the charge transfer spectrum of Fe2+2Ti4+. The absorption peaks around 7 17 and 847 nm are the charge transfer spectra of Fe2+2Fe3+. The absorption in ultraviolet region is Fe3+2O2- charge transfer spectrum.

In addition:

1, except yellow sapphire, sapphires of other colors all have 560nm absorption bands, and the colors range from pink to purple to blue to green to yellow-green, and the intensity of 560nm absorption bands gradually weakens.

2. Yellow sapphire has no absorption band of 560nm.

3. Blue, green, yellowish green, yellow and brown sapphires have strong absorption at 450, 375 and 387 nm, and the absorption from green to yellowish green and then to yellow is slightly enhanced.

4. From blue → green → yellow-green → yellow, the absorption intensity of sapphire gradually decreases at 700 ~ 800 nm.

5. The absorption intensity of dark sapphire is stronger than that of light sapphire at 450, 375, 387 and 560nm.

6. Brown and pink sapphires have weak absorption at 693 nm.

7. Purple sapphire has weak absorption at 395,420 420nm.

8. Brown, yellow, yellowish green, green and dark blue sapphires are completely absorbed in the ultraviolet region of 3 10 ~ 360 nm, while light blue sapphires are weakly absorbed in this band, and pink and purple sapphires are transmission valleys in this band.

Question 6: What is the composition of sapphire? Identification method of rubies: Natural rubies are "ten Hong Jiu cracks", and natural rubies without any flaws and cracks are extremely rare. Artificial rubies have the same color, few internal defects or crystal inclusions, and are clean and large. As a precious gem, natural rubies over 3 carats are very rare in the market. If you encounter a big ruby, you should pay attention, because the value of natural ruby is thousands of times higher than that of artificial ruby. A little carelessness will "take medicine." Natural ruby has a strong "dichroism". The so-called dichroism means that there are two colors of red and orange red from different directions. If there is only one color, it may be red spinel, garnet or red glass. Red spinel and natural ruby are very similar, and they are most easily confused, so be very careful. Ruby Ruby's English name is Ruby, which comes from Latin Ruber, meaning red. The mineral name of ruby is corundum. The chemical composition of ruby is alumina (Al2O3), which is red to pink due to the trace element chromium (Cr3+). It belongs to the tripartite crystal system. The crystal shape is often barrel, short column, plate and so on. * * * bodies are mostly granular or dense blocks. Transparent to translucent, glass luster. The refractive index is 1.76- 1.77, and the birefringence is 0.008-0.0 10. Dichroism is obvious, and it is not isotropic. Sometimes it also has a special optical effect-starlight effect, which will reflect charming six-shot starlight under the irradiation of light, commonly known as "six lines". The hardness is 9, and the density is 3.95-4. 10g/cm3. No cleavage, cleavage development. Ruby emits red and dark red fluorescence under long-wave and short-wave ultraviolet irradiation. Among the reds of rubies, the most valuable one is the one with the strongest color, called' pigeon blood', which is very valuable. This bright and intense color can almost be called crimson, and you can see the true face of ruby at a glance. Unfortunately, most rubies are light in color and have a pink feeling, so the rubies with pigeon blood tones are more valuable. In addition, because ruby is full of strong vitality and rich colors, people in the past thought it was the incarnation of a dead bird and had ardent illusions about it. Natural rubies are scarce, and high-quality rubies are only produced in Myanmar, and the output is gradually decreasing. Now, it can be said that it has almost declined, and big stones no longer appear. Evaluation and purchase of rubies. The primary evaluation and purchase factor of ruby is color, followed by weight, transparency and purity. Generally speaking, faceted rubies with pure color, large particles, transparency, no or few inclusions and defects, fine processing and symmetrical parts are excellent products. Burmese rubies are mostly pigeon blood red, with uniform color, large transparency, large particles and few defects and cracks. Ruby in Sri Lanka is light in color, and the main variety is Star Ruby. Thailand pointed bamboo ruby, deep red, not very bright, relatively clean. Ruby is fragile, so be careful when wearing it. Identification method of sapphire: The color of natural sapphire is often uneven, and most of them have a flat growth line. Artificial sapphires are of the same color, and their growth lines are arc-shaped strips, and they are often breadcrumb-shaped or beaded bubbles in the body. Natural sapphire also has obvious dichroism, one direction is blue, and the other direction is blue-green. Other gemstones are different in color from natural sapphires and can be distinguished. In addition, the simplest method can be hardness measurement. Natural sapphires can carve traces on topaz, while other sapphires are difficult to carve traces on topaz. Therefore, when buying jewelry, if there is no instrument around, as long as there is a topaz, sometimes some problems can be solved. Sapphire's English name is sapphire, which comes from the Latin Spphins, meaning blue. The mineral name of sapphire is corundum, which belongs to corundum family. At present, all kinds of gem-grade corundum except ruby are collectively called sapphire. The chemical composition of sapphire is alumina (Al2O3), which is blue because it contains trace elements of titanium (Ti4+) or iron (Fe2+). It belongs to the tripartite crystal system. Crystal shape is often cylindrical, short column, plate and so on. The geometric shape is mostly granular or dense block. Transparent to translucent, glass luster. Refractive index 1.76- 1.77, birefringence of 0.008, strong dichroism. Not an isotropic body. Sometimes it has a special optical effect-starlight effect. The hardness is 9 and the density is 3.95-4. 1g/cm3. No cleavage, cleavage development. To some extent ... >>

Question 7: What does sapphire mean? Sapphire symbolizes loyalty, faithfulness, kindness and honesty, and its English name is sapphire. Starlight sapphire, also known as "stone of destiny", can keep the wearer safe and bring good luck. Sichuan Gemstone is a kind of high-grade gemstone, one of the five major gemstones, ranking third after diamonds and rubies. Known as "stone of destiny", Star Sapphire has many fascinating legends. Its three stars represent "loyalty, hope and fraternity"

Question 8: What is the best sapphire? How to judge? How to identify and choose sapphire

How to identify and choose all kinds of jewelry inlaid with sapphire can be described as brilliant. Wearing it in summer makes people feel cool, and wearing it in winter makes people feel the spring breeze around them. This is the charm of sapphire. When you choose a satisfactory sapphire jewelry, you will feel comfortable and satisfied. So, how to choose sapphire? First of all, it can correctly identify sapphire. The identification of sapphire is the same as that of ruby, which is divided into two steps. The first step is to distinguish sapphire from other sapphires; The second step is to distinguish between natural products and artificial products of sapphire ancient stones. Confused with sapphire are: blue spinel, kyanite, blue tourmaline, blue cone mineral, dong Qingshi, tanzanite and so on. Like ruby, the main difference between sapphire and other blue gems lies in hardness test. Because the Mohs hardness of sapphire is 9, second only to diamond, other possible substitutes and counterfeits are lower than it. For the polished product, the standard hardness of topaz and crystal can be used to determine the hardness, and whether it is sapphire can be roughly judged according to the hardness. In addition, according to other characteristics such as specific gravity and refractive index, substitutes that are easily confused with sapphire can be distinguished. Sapphire has a specific gravity of 3.97-4.08 and a refractive index of 1.766- 1.744. Blue spinel: hardness 8, specific gravity 3.6-3.8, and single refractive index generally 1.72. Blue spinel is gray-blue. No dichroism, unlike sapphire, is a more acceptable method. In addition, the blue spinel under the color filter is reddish; Synthetic spinel is orange tone, while sapphire does not change color. Synthetic spinels sometimes pass off as sapphires, because they contain cobalt and often flash red under strong light. Blue tourmaline: hardness 7, specific gravity 3.05, refractive index 1.62- 1.65, all lower than sapphire. Generally there is no reaction under the color filter. The tourmaline containing chromium presents a bright red appearance under the color filter. The blue of tourmaline is usually dark green and dark green indigo. Experienced people can recognize it at a glance. The refractive index and absorption spectrum are relatively acceptable. Tanzanite: hardness 6.5-7, specific gravity 3.5, refractive index 1.69- 1.70, produced in Tanzania. Zoisite is blue and transparent, and its components are calcium silicate and aluminum silicate. The color is 2% water and 0.02% sodium. It has developed cleavage surface and is not easy to cut and grind. The naked eye can clearly see three colors (dark blue, purple and light green), so tanzanite has obvious color changes from all directions, while sapphire is only dichroic. Dong Qingshi: Hardness 7, specific gravity 2.59, refractive index 1.54- 1.55, dull color, not as bright as sapphire, and strong trichromaticity. One direction is lovely purple and blue, and the other direction is light yellow. Compared with sapphire, it is very different in all aspects. Blue cone ore: hardness 5-5.6, specific gravity 3.67, refractive index 1.78. The refractive index is almost the same as sapphire. But the birefringence of 0.047 is much larger than sapphire. Its dispersion is much larger than sapphire, so its appearance is dazzling. Kyanite: hardness 4-6, specific gravity 3.69, refractive index 1.72. Hardness varies greatly in all directions. The blue crystal column is easy to split, not easy to cut and grind, and even if the cutting and grinding is successful, it is easy to form the appearance of phosphorus. This is easy to distinguish from sapphire. Dong Qingshi, blue cone mine and kyanite are generally treasures that collectors like very much, and they are rarely used as ornaments. After distinguishing sapphire from other sapphires, the second step of identification can be carried out, that is, distinguishing natural sapphires from candidate gems. Whether natural sapphire or artificial sapphire, its mineral composition is corundum, and their physical and chemical properties are very similar. This is to be identified by carefully observing its morphological characteristics and production line. Morphologically, raw natural sapphires often have hexagonal barrels or columns. On the other hand, artifacts look like upside-down or short carrot shapes, without clear edges and corners. In nature, the crystallization and weighing speed of natural sapphire is very slow, resulting in a "hexagonal growth line" parallel to the hexagonal crystal form, also known as the "hexagonal production belt". If there is only a part of this growth line, you can vaguely find parallel straight lines. All sapphires with parallel hexagonal growth lines or growth zones must be natural. Artificial sapphire is produced in a high temperature furnace, and the crystallization time is very short, so there is no time to arrange it regularly along the hexagonal direction. Instead, it is superimposed layer by layer on the surface of arc-shaped (cylindrical) gems, gradually forming a curved "arc growth line". Where is such an arc ... >>

Question 9: What is sapphire? Sapphire is a single crystal of alumina (Al2O3), and its optical transmission band is very wide, from near ultraviolet light (190nm) to mid-infrared light.

It has good light transmittance. Sapphire crystal has excellent optical properties, mechanical properties and chemical stability, high strength, high hardness and corrosion resistance, and can work in harsh conditions around 2000℃, so it is widely used in infrared military devices, satellite space technology and window materials of high-intensity lasers. Its unique lattice structure, excellent mechanical properties and good thermal properties make sapphire crystal the most ideal substrate material for practical semiconductor GaN/Al2O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), large-scale integrated circuits SOI and SOS, and superconducting nanostructure films. With the rapid growth of LED TV, LED display, LED NB, LED mobile phone and LED lighting market in recent years, the market demand for sapphire for making LED substrates has been strongly promoted.

Advantages:

The sapphire substrate production technology is mature and the device quality is good.

Sapphire has good stability and can be used in high temperature growth process.

Sapphire has high mechanical strength and is easy to handle and clean.

Common crystal growth methods:

Czoch fined alski method (Czoch crystal pulling method, also known as pulling method): pulling from the melt.

Kyropoulos method (also known as kyropoulos method): Dip in.

Temperature gradient method (TGT method)

EFG method (edge-defined film feed growth): pull through the die.

Heat exchange method

Vertical and horizontal gradient cooling (VHGF): the technology of South Korea Sapphire Technology Company (STC).

Growth method of ES2-GSA crystal: technology of Rubicon Technology Company of the United States.

Tungsten and molybdenum are widely used as thermal field components of sapphire crystal growth furnace because of its high temperature resistance and low pollution, including tungsten crucible/molybdenum crucible, heater, tungsten cylinder, heat shield, bracket, base, seed crystal rod, crucible cover and so on. The heating element adopts birdcage structure tungsten heating element or tungsten mesh heating element, which is beneficial to provide uniform and stable temperature field.

Kunshan Jing Anxin Material Technology Co., Ltd. provides customers with complete sets of tungsten and molybdenum components with high quality of 30Kg, 60Kg, 85Kg and 120Kg for the thermal field of sapphire crystal growing furnace.

Question 10: What is the meaning of sapphire? Sapphire symbolizes loyalty, faithfulness, kindness and honesty. Starlight sapphire, also known as "stone of destiny", can keep the wearer safe and bring good luck.