Born in Tianxi, Song Zhenzong for three years, he died in the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong at the age of 68. Born in Guangshan County, Henan Province, he is known as Mr. Su Shui in the world.
Sima Guang was a politician, writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. He lived in Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong dynasties. He presided over the compilation of the first chronicle general history in the history of China-"Learning from the Same Experience".
Sima Guang is gentle, humble and upright, and his personality under Confucian education is exemplary and has always been admired by people. Once, he and his friends were playing in the backyard.
There is a big water tank in the yard. A child climbed to the edge of the tank to play and accidentally fell into Tanqueray. The water tank is very deep, and it seems that the child is going to have no roof.
When other children saw that something was wrong, they cried and cried in fear and ran outside to ask adults for help. Sima Guang used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and hit it hard at the water tank. "bang!" The water tank was broken, the water in the tank came out, and the child who was submerged in the water was saved.
Xiao Sima Guang was calm when he was in trouble, and he was like an adult since he was a child. This is the story of "Sima Guang smashing a jar" that has been passed down to this day.
This accidental event made Xiao Sima Guang famous, and people in Tokyo and Luoyang painted it and spread it widely.
2. Song Shi Sima Guang's translation of classical Chinese.
Sima Guang's filial piety is loyalty, honesty, frugality, integrity, laws to follow and courtesy to do. When I was in Luoyang, every time I went to visit the grave in Xiaxian, I went to see his brother Sima Dan, who was nearly eighty years old. Sima Guang served him like strict father and protected him like a baby. Sima Guang never talked nonsense when he was growing up. He himself said, "I have nothing extraordinary, but what I have done all my life, I have never told anyone." Sincerity comes from nature, so the whole world admires him and believes him. Both Shaanxi and Luoyang were influenced by his morality. If one thing is not done well, he says, "Will Sima Jun really know?"
Sima guang is not interested in material indifference, but he is proficient in learning, but he doesn't like Buddhism and old learning. He said: "Interpretation and old learning cannot surpass Confucianism. They are ridiculous, I don't believe them. " Sima Guang has 300 acres of land in Luoyang. After his wife died, he sold his field to deal with the funeral. He was in rags until he died.
3. The original text and notes of Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Crossing the Old Town of Luoyang" are surrounded by mountains and the three rivers are full of flowers.
Luoyang city is surrounded by green hills, and the Sanchuan River is flowing.
Spring breeze doesn't know the meaning of rise and fall, and the grass color fills the old city year after year.
Spring breeze doesn't know the rise and fall of the world. Even in the old capital, there are still green grass every year.
Smoke, worry, rain, noise, Nai Huasheng, Palace Que, Old Imperial City.
Smoke and dust roared, leaving only a few palaces in the former imperial city.
If you ask about the rise and fall of ancient and modern times, please only look at Luoyang City.
If people want to know the law of ups and downs through the ages, just look at Luoyang City.
Background: Luoyang is a famous ancient capital with the earliest capital, the most dynasties and the longest history in China. Thirteen dynasties, including Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Later Tang, Later Liang and Later Jin, all established their capitals here, with a total time exceeding 1500 years. The rise and fall of Luoyang is also a microcosm of the rise and fall of the feudal dynasty in China, which is called the "Twenty-five History" of the official history.
4. Write a modern translation of the classical Chinese "Sima Guang": Sima Guang, whose name is Junshi, is also from Xia County, Shaanxi Province.
Father pool, Tianzhangge to be built. Guangsheng, born at the age of seven, is as imposing as an adult. As soon as he heard about Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, he loved it endlessly and retired for his family, which was his great purpose.
Naturally, I can't put down my books. I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty. A group of children were playing in court. One climbed the urn and his foot fell into the water, so everyone abandoned it. As long as the urn is broken with a stone, the water will burst and the child will live.
Later, Beijing and Luoyang drew a picture. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Injong Baoyu was an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
When I was crowned, I didn't like luxury. I didn't wear flowers when I heard about the party. In the same sentence, I said, "You can't violate it." This is a hairpin.
In addition to serving Li Lang, seven feet in Hangzhou, I asked to appoint a judge in Suzhou, so that I could kiss him and promise him. There are difficulties inside and outside the country, and they have been mourning for many years, and destroying barren land is like a gift.
In addition to taking office, Wu signed a book to judge, changed the judge of Dali, and assisted the country to speak frankly. Pang Ji, the deputy envoy of the Tang Dynasty, recommended Guan Ge's collating, which was the same as Yuan Zhili's.
Zhong Guan Mai Yunyan died and gave a halogen book. Yan Guang said: "It is not enough for Confucius to make countless tassels for North Korea.
Without the great efforts of the founding fathers, it is not a big deal to allow a minister who is close to learning to give three officials a halogen book. Xia Song was stunned and said, "Who is the most beautiful person in this stone? Who can it be?" ? "Go to Wen Zhuang.
School management should be strengthened. From Pang Qi Bi, pass the sentence and stand.
There are many fertile fields in the west of Quye River in Linzhou, and people in the summer eat their land, which is the disaster of Hedong. According to the order, two castles can be built to control the Xia people, support the people to cultivate, and the cultivators will be cheap, and the worries of the East River will be gradually relieved.
Follow its policies; However, our general Guo was crazy and led his troops to cross the river at night. He was ill-equipped and lost to the enemy, so he offended him. Just three monsters, not reporting.
Without a family, Guangshengtang worshipped his wife as his mother, and Nadeshiko as his brother, who was virtuous at that time. Change the secret cabinet and Kaifeng government to promote officials.
The name of the tribute animal is Lin, and it is concise: "The authenticity is unknown, so it is true, but not self-sufficient, and I am willing to return it." Dance with the wind.
Xiuju Zhu, Shenli Department. If there is a company that plays every day, if the story is not full, or if there is a lack of capital, congratulations.
Yan Guang said: "When you see the four sides, the capital is not seen, and this person is covered with yin and evil; The world knows it, but the court doesn't know it. It is a great benefit to the disaster and should not be congratulated. " From it.
Tongzhi Jianyuan Su Zhe's answer was straightforward, and examiner Su Hu swore it, saying, "A philosopher has the heart of loving the monarch and worrying about the country, so he should not swear."
Put a letter on the last level. Renzong was not prepared from the beginning, and the heir of the country was not established. The world is chilling and dare not speak.
Fan Zhen, an admonition officer, first put forward his suggestion, but it was heard in Bing, and he suggested that the whole town should die. So I replied, "I passed the judgment of merging with the country in the past, and I hope your majesty will make a decisive decision."
The emperor pondered for a long time and said, "Do you have to choose the imperial clan as the heir?" This loyal minister's words, however, make people afraid to spread to their ears. "Just say:" I said this, claiming that I will die, but I didn't expect your majesty to accept it. "
The emperor said, "What's the harm?" When I retired, I didn't know how to live. When I returned to Shu, I said, "I told people that I meant to do it right away. I haven't heard about it yet. There must be a villain saying that your majesty suddenly did something ominous during the heyday of the Spring and Autumn Period.
I have no long-term worries. When I want to die suddenly, I will help kind people. Can the disasters of "the old man of the country" and "the son of heaven" speak louder than words? "Dadi moved to say," send a hanshu. "
Loyal, honest, diligent, honest, courteous. When I was in L.A., every time I went to visit the grave in Xiaxian County, I had to pass my brother Dan, who would be eighty years old. I would be honored as strict father and protected like a baby.
Growing up, I never said anything wrong and said to myself, "I have no outstanding people, but I have never done anything in my life that I can't say to others." Sima Guang, whose real name is Shi Jun, is from Xia County, Shaanxi Province.
His father, Sima Chi, was appointed as Tianzhangting. In the early years of Baoyuan in Song Renzong, Sima Guang was admitted to Jinshi, and he was just twenty years old this year.
He does not like luxury. When attending the Wenxi banquet, Sima Guang was the only one who didn't wear flowers. A scholar told him: "It is disrespectful not to wear the flowers given by the king." So Sima Guang put on one.
The court granted him the post of Li Lang. Because Sima Chi was in Hangzhou, Sima Guang asked to be a judge in Suzhou so that he could serve his father, and the court agreed. When he was in charge of the work of the recommendation office together with others, the value given and rewarded by Song Renzong exceeded1000000.
Sima Guang led his colleagues to write three letters, exhorting: "The country still has great worries and is poor both at home and abroad, so we should not follow the old example. If it is necessary to give or reward, the minister should be allowed to give a reward to help build the mountain. "
The emperor disagreed. Sima Guang took the jewels given by the emperor as the office expenses of Yushifu, gave the gold to his uncle's house, and resolutely refused to stay in his own house.
In the imperial history, Cheng was dismissed from office because he thought the Prime Minister was absent, and Sima Guang took his place. Sima Guang said: "Wang Tao was dismissed for discussing the prime minister, so I can't take up the post now."
I hope to wait until the Prime Minister is on duty before taking office. "The emperor agreed.
The official in charge of government affairs thinks that the drought and poor harvest in Heshuo area are insufficient for the country, and don't give gold or silk when asking for sacrifices in the southern suburbs. The emperor sent a letter to the bachelors to discuss the matter.
Sima Guang, Wang Jue and Wang Anshi were summoned at the same time. Sima Guang said: "Disaster relief and thrift should start with your relatives and trusted ministers. This can be done. " Wang Anshi said: "The reason why the national use is insufficient is because there are no people who are good at managing money.
People who are good at managing money can make full use of the country's wealth without increasing taxes. Sima Guang said: "How can there be such a truth in the world? The wealth, goods and various substances produced by heaven and earth are not in the common people, but in the masses. They are trying to plunder the people, which is more harmful than increasing taxes. "
The ministers argued endlessly on this issue. The emperor said, "I mean the same as Sima Guang, but I can't allow it for the time being."
Wang Anshi began to preside over government affairs and implement the new law. Sima Guang resolutely opposed it and wrote a letter stating his own interests. Wang Anshi stayed at home and asked to resign because of Han Qi's neglect.
The emperor then appointed Sima Guang as the deputy envoy of the Council. Sima Guang declined politely: "Your Majesty probably hired me because I am arrogant and straightforward, which may be beneficial to the country. If you honor me only with salary and position, but don't listen to my opinion, then you regard the position as a personal favor, not a real appointment.
I only honor myself with my salary and position, but I can't save the people from disaster, which is equivalent to stealing the name of the country and the car service system for my own benefit. "Wang Anshi came out to preside over politics, and Sima Guang got the opportunity to resign and left the capital.
He lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, and everyone regarded him as a real prime minister. After the death of the emperor, Sima Guang rushed to the palace.
Everywhere he went, people stopped on the road to gather and watch, so that.
5. Sima Guang's classical Chinese Sima Guang was born at the age of seven, and he is as imposing as an adult. He heard about Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals and loved it so much that he retired to his home for this purpose. Naturally, I can't put down my books. I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty. A group of children were playing in the yard. One climbed into the urn and fell into the water. Everyone abandoned it. Just throw a stone at the urn, the water will burst and the child will live. -"History of Song Dynasty"
At the age of seven, Sima Guang was as serious as an adult. When he heard the teacher explain Zuo's Chunqiu, he liked it very much. After school, he told his family what he had learned, so he also understood the connotation of Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. Since this book, he has never left his hand, even forgetting hunger, thirst and cold. Once, he and his friends were playing in the backyard. A child climbed into the tank to play, slipped and fell into the water in the tank. As soon as the other children found out something was wrong, they abandoned him and ran away. Sima Guang used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and hit it hard at the water tank. The water overflowed and the child was saved.
When Sima Wengong was young, he suffered from (1) remembering people and asking them questions. In the group lecture, all the brothers became chanting and rested; Only (10) can recite (1 1), while (4) can repeat (5) but (6). Those who work harder will go further, and what they recite will be unforgettable for life. Wen Gong tasted 7 words: "Books must be memorized. Or (8) when you don't sleep at once or in the middle of the night, recite your scriptures and think about its meaning, and you will get more. "
This article is selected from Records of the Words and Actions of Famous Officials in Three Dynasties.
Sima Wengong: Sima Guang, a politician and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, was named "Wenguogong" after his death, so he was called Sima Wengong.
It's already started.
Ending: Originally, Han Dong ended his lecture by not looking out of the window for three years. Here refers to concentrate on reading.
Independent editing: According to the historian's Family Records of Confucius, Confucius read the Book of Changes, and "Wei edited three independent editors" (meaning that the cowhide rope of the wooden slips was broken many times), which means diligent reading here.
1 suffering: worry. 2 if: such as.
③ Crowd: numerous ④ arrived; Wait until.
⑤ Double back: Double means "back" and "back".
⑥ Nai: Cai ⑥ Taste: once ⑧ or: sometimes.
No.9: No.9. Attending independence: being alone.
? The last chapter mentions two allusions of Dong Zhongshu's and Confucius' academic attitudes. Now it means studying hard and intently.
When Sima Guang was young, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books was not as good as others. Let's discuss it together. Many brothers have finished reciting, and have gone to play and have a rest. Sima Guang is the only one who studies hard, and still concentrates on his studies and studies hard until he can recite skillfully. Because of the current efforts, the harvest will be long-term. He has carefully read the books he has recited and will never forget them. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. Sometimes in the carriage, sometimes when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you will gain more by reciting what you have read and thinking about its meaning! "
6. Classical Chinese Sima Guang Sima Guang, the word Junshi, is from Xia County, Shaanxi Province. My father's name is Sima Chi, and he was ordered by Tianzhangge. Sima Guang was like an adult when he was seven years old. He was told that Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals liked it very much, and came back to tell his family after knowing its main idea. From then on, I couldn't put it down for Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, even forgetting hunger, thirst, cold and heat. A group of children are playing in the yard. A child stood on the jar, fell into the jar and was flooded. All the other children have run away. Sima Guang smashed the jar with a stone, and the water flowed out, and the child survived. Later, people in Chang 'an and Luoyang recorded it with pictures and spread it widely. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Injong Baoyu was an academician of China Academy of Sciences. When he was just twenty years old, he didn't like luxury by nature. He was the only one who didn't wear flowers when he attended the wedding banquet. Everyone around you said, "The flowers are given by the king, and you can't violate them." He just put a flower on the brim of his hat.
When Sima Guang was appointed minister of rites, his father Sima Chi was in Hangzhou, and he applied for the position of judge in Suzhou for his father, which was approved by the court. Soon, my mother and father died one after another. They mourned for many years and their bodies were destroyed by grief.
When the envoys of Liao and Xia countries arrive, they will definitely ask about Sima Guang's physical condition and warn their border officials: "All the big countries in the Central Plains use Sima Guang as their prime minister, so don't make trouble easily and provoke border conflicts." Sima Guang thought that the imperial court was obedient to him, and he wanted to exchange his body for the strength of the country and personally handle state affairs day and night. Seeing his weak body, the guests used Zhuge Liang's principle of eating less and doing more as a warning. Sima Guang said, "Life and death depend on fate." Try harder. After he was seriously ill, his mind was not clear, and he was still talking in his sleep, but they were all state affairs.
Sima Guang (1019165438+1October 17-1086), whose real name is Junshi, was born in Suishui, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province). Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, he was given Wen's and Wen Guogong's courtesy. Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "the day is insufficient, the night follows", his personality can be called a model under Confucian education and has always been admired.
When Song Renzong was studying, he entered Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When Song Shenzong was in office, he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. There were many people inside and outside the imperial court who opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the imperial court for fifteen years, and presided over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, the first chronological general history in China history. He wrote many works in his life, mainly historical masterpieces, such as Zi Jian, Guo Wensi's Official Document of Mars, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui and Xu Qian.