1. The primitive accumulation of capital and the expansion of the world market.

2. The development of capitalism and the integration of the world economy promoted the industrial revolution.

From14th century to16th century, Spain and Portugal were the main countries with strong economic development in Western Europe. They used advanced navigation technology to conquer colonies and dominate the ocean. They plundered a lot of gold in America and other places, which led to their rapid economic development.

16-18th century, the western economy was dominated by Britain, and its second industrial revolution greatly accelerated the development of capitalism, conquered the dominance of the ocean, gradually dominated the ocean and plundered the gold, jewelry and spices of the maritime fleet and colonies.