(859-873) was originally named Wen, Han nationality, the eldest son of the 17th emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Chao Shi, the mother of Yuan. Start sealing the king. Xuanzong loved Wang Kuizi and wanted to be the Crown Prince, but Wang Yunchang made a long decision. In August of the 13th year of Dazhong, Xuanzong was seriously ill, and Wang Guichang, Ma Gongru and Wang Jufang, envoys of Xuanhui South Hospital, were appointed as royal envoys. Wang Zongshi, the deputy commander of the left guard army, and Yuan Shijiao, the deputy commander, made Wang Yun the Crown Prince. After Xuanzong died of illness, Qiuci was made emperor by eunuchs and changed to "Xian Tong" for Tang Yizong. /kloc-ascended the throne in 0/4, at the age of 4 1 year. Year of use: Dazhong, Fairchild; After his death, he was buried in Jianling, Emperor posthumous title Zhao Gongsheng. Tang Yizong (833 -873) and Tang Yizong were the fourth last emperors of the Tang Dynasty. They were famous for their incompetence and bad emperors. After they acceded to the throne, the political situation in the Tang Dynasty was even more precarious. He was the last emperor in the Tang Dynasty who succeeded his eldest son and lived safely in Chang 'an. However, during the reign of Zong Yi in 14, he was extravagant and dissipated, indulged in gnome figurines, didn't make progress, cherished eunuchs, welcomed Buddha's bones, faced with internal worries, didn't know its dangers, and encountered foreign invasion, which completely extinguished the little light of hope rekindled during Xuanzong's reign. In the 14th year of Dazhong (860), the year after Zong Yi ascended the throne, Xuanzong was buried in February and renamed Xian Tong in November. The reason why this name is used is said to be because there is a sentence in one of Xuanzong's works, "Hai Yue Yan Xian Tong". Zong Yi thought of his father when he changed dynasties, but since he came to the world, he has hardly seen the shadow of Xuanzong from his words and deeds. Xian Tong's administration is far from large and medium-sized, so we have to do our best. The author of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty said that Zong Yi was "fatuous in succession", which was a comprehensive evaluation of him. After Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Yizong and Tang Xizong were famous bad emperors, which made the situation in the Tang Dynasty go downhill all the time. In the late Tang Dynasty, wars continued and the economy and politics declined. In the 13th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (859), the peasant uprising broke out at the end of the Tang Dynasty. After Huang Chao's attack, the rule of the Tang Dynasty existed in name only. After the Huang Chao Uprising, the foundation of the Tang Dynasty was broken. The imperial army managed by eunuchs also suffered heavy losses, so the prime minister and eunuchs fought for power and profit constantly. After the Huang Chao Uprising, Tang Xizong died in the turmoil of the late Tang Dynasty and was succeeded by his younger brother Tang Zhaozong. Zhu Wen and Li Keyong became the man of the hour in the late Tang Dynasty. With the support of Zhu Quanzhong, the Prime Minister sent someone to win, and Zhu Quanzhong entered the palace to punish the eunuchs. In the first year of Shenzong (904), Zhu Quanzhong kidnapped Tang Zhaozong and moved the capital to Luoyang, and later killed Tang Zhaozong. In the second year of Shenzong (905), Zhu Quanzhong demoted his courtiers, killed more than 30 courtiers in Baima Post, and dumped their bodies in the river, which is known as the disaster of Baima Post. In the fourth year of Shenzong (907), Li Zhuchan was forced to change his name to Liang, so as to change his country name to Kaiping and build his capital in Kaifeng. The Tang Dynasty perished and the country was founded for 290 years. During the reign of Zong Yi, his interest in banquets, music, dancing and performance far exceeded his interest in state affairs, and his enthusiasm for the court was obviously not as good as drinking and having fun. Zong Yi lived in the palace and held a small banquet every day and a big banquet every three days. Every month, there are dozens of banquets in the palace, and Tang Yizong is rich in treasures and various designs. Besides drinking, he can't help listening to music all day. Even if he goes out to travel, he will take these people with him. There are as many as 500 musicians in Zong Yi Palace. As long as he is happy, he will give these people great rewards, always thousands of dollars. Tired of being in the palace, he always goes to the palace on the outskirts of Chang 'an. Because of his uncertain coming and going, the officials in charge of reception in the palace should be ready to stay at any time, and music is indispensable. The princes who need to accompany them often need to prepare their mounts in case Zong Yi may invite them out at any time, which makes everyone very miserable. According to Zi Tong Zhi Jian, every time Zong Yi traveled, there were more than 100,000 people inside and outside the imperial court, and the expenses were difficult to calculate, which became a heavy burden on the national finance. Regarding Zong Yi's "no feast", Liu Tuo, a left scavenger, as an exhortation officer, hoped that the emperor could focus on state affairs, show the world a gesture of caring for frontier generals and subjects, and reduce entertainment. He didn't listen to this at all. In February of the 4th year of Xian Tong (863), Zong Yi made a comprehensive inspection of sixteen tombs of Xuanzong Mausoleum under the Emperor Gaozu Mausoleum. Sima Guang said, "It's more than one day to visit the Sixteen Tombs." The Mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty is located in Weibei Plateau, Guanzhong. 1in the spring of 986, due to the archaeological course of Sui and Tang Dynasties, the author took a special bus to inspect the 18th Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of Guanzhong (individual tombs have not yet arrived), which lasted nearly two weeks. In ancient times, there were no modern means of transportation, and many followers and sacrificial objects were needed, so it was definitely not possible to go back and forth for three or two days. Entertainment, singing and dancing have become an indispensable part of Zong Yi's daily life. Under his example, the whole officialdom is filled with extravagance, drunkenness and fear of death. In the poems of Wei Zhuang, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, there is a saying that "things were flashy in the Xian Tong era". He chanted "Yao Chi's banquet was drunk, laughing at the king in the moon palace", which is the best description of the world. At the beginning of his reign, Zong Yi, whose status was unknown, dismissed Ling Hu Mao and was replaced by Bai Min-zhong. Bai Minzhong was an old minister of the former dynasty, but when he entered the DPRK, he accidentally fell down and remained ill in bed, unable to work. He applied for resignation three times, but Zong Yi refused. Bai Minzhong is ill, which is exactly what he wants. Zong Yi can use this as an excuse to ignore political affairs, and it is also perfunctory to discuss political affairs with other prime ministers. His mind is not here at all. Therefore, Wang Pu, the right-hand man, said: "Bai Minzhong has been ill for four months since the first month. Although your majesty has talked with other prime ministers, it never takes three minutes (in ancient times, a day and night was one hundred minutes). In this way, does your majesty still have leisure to discuss world affairs with the prime minister? " This sentence made Zong Yi very uncomfortable, so he kicked wang pu out of the court and made a county magistrate. The person in charge who exercised the right of criticism thought that Wang Pu was an admonition officer and should not be reprimanded, so he returned this order according to the system of the Tang Dynasty and did not promulgate it. Zong Yi referred the matter to the Prime Minister for reconsideration. Those prime ministers thought that Wang Pu was not only an exhortation to the emperor, but also involved Prime Minister Bai Minzhong, and even agreed to demote Wang Pu. During the reign, a * * * appointed 265,438+0 prime ministers: Hu Ling Mao, Bai Minzhong, Xiao Ye, Xiahouzi, Du Shenquan, Du Duan, Bi, Yang Shou, Cao Que, Xu Shang,. Since Zong Yi is not interested in politics, the transactional power of the Prime Minister is still very large, which could have played a great role. The problem is that most prime ministers are either mediocre people or people who love money and are vulnerable. For example, Du Tuan, the first prime minister of Xian Tong, was the grandson of Du You, the prime minister of Dezong, and also the son-in-law of Xianzong. I have no practical talent. I am a vegetarian. Xian Tong, nicknamed "Bald Horn", served as prime minister for five years. I formed a clique with Yan Lu, bribing and taking bribes, which was extravagant and illegal. I entrusted my political affairs to my trusted subordinate beadle Bian Xian. An official named Pan Chen reported to Zong Yi that if he copied Bian Xian's family, he could help the country's military spending for two years, which was denounced by Zong Yi, and no one dared to speak out from then on. Collusion with Wei Baoheng, commander-in-chief of Xu who later served as prime minister. They "touched the world". At that time, they were called "the first aunt", which means "sinister and terrible" like ghosts. Zong Yi's prime minister was very corrupt. The residents of Chang 'an made up a ballad with the names of several prime ministers, such as Cao Que, Yang Shou, Xu Shang and Yan Lu, saying: No matter what happens, money will always be collected. Businessmen don't care when the goods (roads) stop. These prime ministers of Zong Yi Dynasty were not ministers, which aggravated the ruling crisis of Tang Dynasty. Regardless of the official reward, it is different from Xuanzong's cherishing the official reward. Zong Yi doesn't care about official rewards. He rewards people with official positions and gives them money, often at will. Actor Li Keji is good at melody, especially turning his voice into a new voice, with twists and turns between the lines, which makes the listener forget fatigue. The butchers of the merchants in Beijing imitated him like idols and called him "bounce". After princess royal, a lesbian in Zong Ai, died, she wrote "Dancing for a Hundred Years". The words were sad and the audience wept, which deeply comforted the emperor's thoughts. Therefore, Zong Yi liked him very much and appointed him as a general. It is unprecedented that the Tang Dynasty awarded the rank of Lingguan to the imperial court. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, there were strict restrictions on the employment of industrial and commercial miscellaneous personnel, and they only rewarded property and never exceeded the official rank. Wenzong wanted to give a music official a palace position, but because of the strong opposition of the remonstrating official, it was changed to the history of the local governor. Emperor Zong Yi granted Li Keji an official position in the imperial court, and the Prime Minister also made suggestions, but he didn't listen at all. When Li Keji's son got married, Zong Yi gave him two silver bottles of wine. In fact, it's not wine, but "golden cuisine". In addition, the imperial examination is the most important way for scholars to enter official positions since the Tang Dynasty, especially the Jinshi branch enjoys a high reputation in the Tang Dynasty, so the Tang people have the so-called "being quiet at the age of 30 and being a scholar at the age of 50". Originally, does not take the exam every spring, but Zong Yi's cronies don't have to take the exam of does, and they are directly awarded the Jinshi origin in the form of "special gift". In the imperial examinations, there was no Tang Dynasty as institutionalized as Zhao and Song Dynasties, which was obviously due to Zong Yi's personal love and hate. The imperial edict replaced the golden list of the Ministry of Rites, and the monarch became the master of Jinshi and his followers. Because of the emperor's kindness, he "boarded the Longmen". The so-called "the forbidden gate is the dragon gate, and the Lord is always the master" became a topic of ridicule during Zong Yi's period. Zong Yi is a vain emperor. He is extremely vain and ambitious, which can be seen from the number of his titles. Honorific titles are used to show fame and virtue. Every time the emperor is knighted, he will hold a grand ceremony, issue letters to the whole country, and hold an Amnesty at the same time. In the first month of the third year of Xian Tong, Zong Yi was named "Emperor Wen Rui's Sage and Filial Piety", but he was still not satisfied. In the twelfth year of Xian Tong, in the first month, he was awarded the titles of emperors such as Wen Rui, Wu Ying, Mingde, Saint and Xiaoguang, with 65,438 words. Among the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizong were not honored when they were alive. Since then, the honorifics of emperors have basically been four or six words, and some have reached eight words or 10 words. Xuanzong used the word 14 to give himself the honorific title of "SHEN WOO, Emperor of Kaiyuan", and added honorific titles to all ancestors. Later, Wu Zong had the titles of 14: Ren Sheng, Wu Wen, Zhang Tian, the God of Success, and Ming Dow, the Emperor of Filial Piety. During Su Zong's reign, his ministers added the honorific title of "Gan Yuan the Great, Shengguang Tianwenwu Xiaogan", but on September 2 1 last year, he removed the honorific title of "Gan Yuan the Great, Shengguang Tianwenwu Xiaogan" with the word 10, and only called it "the emperor". Later, Xian Zong's honorific title was also 10: Yuan and Wensheng were born in SHEN WOO, Fatian Yingdao Emperor. Thus, Zong Yi's honorifics can almost catch up with Xuanzong and Wuzong, but in terms of political achievements or ability to govern the country, let alone Xuanzong, even Wuzong can't compare with him. Zong Yi, the trusted princess, treats the relatives of the imperial clan. From his doting on Princess Tongchang, it can be seen that his requirements for the imperial clan are obviously different from those of Xuanzong. Princess Tongchang was born to his beloved Guo, while Wei Baoheng was chosen as Xu. On the day of the princess's wedding, Zong Yi poured the treasure into the palace as a gift. He also gave the princess a house in Guanghua, the capital. Doors and windows are decorated with miscellaneous treasures. Minefields, medicine mortar, pots and cabinets, etc. are all made of gold and silver, and even baskets are woven with gold thread. The bed is made of crystal, tortoise shell, glass, etc. The legs of the bed are also carved with golden turtles and silver deer. Others, such as partridge pillow, jade box, embroidered quilt, jade ruyi, rustling, patterned cloth towel, fire silkworm cotton, nine hostesses, etc. , from different places. In addition, 5 million yuan was given, and countless other gold, silver and jewels were given. Princess Tongchang has a kind of "clear water silk" at home, which is about eight or nine feet long. It looks like cloth, thinner than cloth. The color is bright and transparent, and the light can shine on people. When it is hot in summer, everyone feels cool and there is no heat. It is said that there is Long Xianxiang in Qingshui silk, which can cool off the heat. Princess Tongchang used a red glass plate to hold luminous beads. At home, it is as bright as day at night, and the Xu family plays leaf play at night, which is not affected at all. The second year after the princess got married, she unfortunately fell ill and died. Zong Yi angered the medical officer, but his medicine was ineffective, so he executed two of them and put them both in prison. At that time, there were many discussions in the ruling and opposition parties. Liu Zhan, the prime minister, hoped that the remonstrating officer could make suggestions, but the remonstrating officer was forced by the emperor's arrogance, and no one dared to add fuel to the fire and set himself on fire. Liu Zhan had no choice but to defend the medical officer himself. Sure enough, Zong Yi was furious and immediately dismissed Liu Zhan. At the same time, several court officials close to Liu Zhan were demoted to Lingnan. Zong Yi held a grand funeral for the princess. The clothes and toys used at the funeral are the same as those used by strangers. Several temples are carved out of wood. Pottery figurines and other funerary objects are readily available, as well as countless dragons, phoenixes, flowers and trees, people and animals. On the day he was buried in the eastern suburb of Chang 'an, Zong Yi and Shu Fei saw him off and mourned at the Royal Yanxingmen. They also presented the Diamond Sutra, which was carved in Xian Tong for nine years (868) and several feet high, as a tribute. The scene was grand, and the scholars in Beijing closed their doors to pay their respects, and the funeral procession stretched for more than 20 miles. Zong Yi also presented 100 welcome wine and 30 camels carrying cakes two feet wide as meals. Zong Yi ignored the state's etiquette in treating the princess and did whatever he wanted, but he was completely indifferent to domestic and foreign troubles, and the face of the bad king was exposed. After worshipping Buddha and destroying it, the Buddhist forces suffered a heavy blow. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, the temples were repaired one after another. In the era of Zong Yi, the Buddhist forces developed rapidly again. He himself is addicted to it, building Buddhist temples, making Buddha statues and giving countless money. Under the advocacy of Zong Yi, the large-scale Dharma Dojo was unprecedentedly prosperous, and the Buddhist names in Chang 'an Buddhist Temple began to echo the voice of the true bodhisattva. The great demand for Buddhist scriptures stimulated the development of printing. One of the earliest printed materials in the world is the Diamond Sutra, which was engraved by Xian Tong in the ninth year (868) and is now in the British Museum in London. The earliest printed matter in China is also the Buddhist Dalagni Sutra. The "Bodhisattva Embracing the True Body" and the "Silver Golden Flower Two Wheels Twelve Rings Tin Battle" coming out of Famen Temple Underground Palace are also exquisite cultural relics created in Xian Tong period. The climax of Zong Yi's worship of Buddha is another large-scale worship of Buddha after Xianzong-Famen Temple welcomed Buddha bones. In the 14th year of Xian Tong (873), in March, Zong Yi arranged to welcome the letters of Buddha bones, which immediately aroused the admonition of ministers. Ministers agreed that it was a waste of people and money, and that there was a lesson that Xian Zong died suddenly after welcoming the Buddha's bones, which was considered ominous. Zong Yi turned a deaf ear to this. He said to the ministers: "I can live to see the Buddha's bones, even if I die, there is nothing to regret!" " The scale of welcoming Buddha's bones this time is even worse than that of Xianzong period. Along the way from Beijing to Famen Temple, the imperial army fought with soldiers for dozens of miles, and the scene was spectacular, far exceeding the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven presided over by the emperor. On April 8th, the Buddha's bone relic was welcomed into the capital. Three days later, Zong Yi allowed it to be sent to the temples in the capital for people to see. Devoted believers do not hesitate to light their arms or burn incense on their heads to offer gifts, while the rich people's homes hold dharma meetings, which are expensive. They even used mercury as a pool and jade as a tree, gathered monks and gathered virtues, and invited troupes to sing and dance. The imperial officials below the prime minister also competed to give money and silks, and the number was considerable. This time, the Buddha bone was welcomed for a long time, and it was not until Nuozong ascended the throne that the Buddha bone was sent back to Famen Temple. The relic, the Buddha's bone, was warmly welcomed by Zong Yi. In his own words, it was "praying for the people". In fact, he is praying for peace for himself, for "eternal life". Ironically, the Buddha's bone relic did not bring blessings to this perverse emperor. In June of that year, after the Buddha's bone was welcomed into Beijing, Zong Yi was seriously ill again. On July 16, Zong Yi was "seriously ill" and reached the point where he could not return to heaven. No wonder some historians commented in the old days: "The Buddha's bones just entered the door, and the dragon has cried wild." It means that the Buddha's bone greeted by Zong Yi has just entered the door, and the funeral car carrying his coffin has arrived at the cemetery with everyone crying. On July 19th, 14th year of Xian Tong (873), 4 1 year-old Zong Yi ended his extravagant life in Xianning Guild Hall. In February of the following year, he was buried in Jianling (located in Fuping, Shaanxi). At this time, the elegy in the late Tang Dynasty was faintly audible.