(1) Read the following and complete 1-6. (16)

Our culture needs to cultivate scientific spirit.

Up and down 5,000 years of China culture is composed of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and the leading one is undoubtedly Confucianism. So our humanistic spirit

God was branded with Confucian moral articles. I firmly believe that "morality goes up and art goes down." In the eyes of China people, science is a tool, a performer and an artist. The so-called "metaphysical person refers to the Tao, and the metaphysical person refers to the device." "The central point of China culture is a word" Tao ". China's scholar-bureaucrat class, the interpreter of Tao, normally sat and talked about Tao. Tao, humanity, and heaven are also. The former is the way of human relations, while the latter is the way of nature. In particular, the way of human relations is the strongest. " Iron shoulders bear morality ",people, the way of human relations, not the truth. This cultural mentality lasted until the 20th century.

There are rich ethical thoughts in our culture, and it is rare to have a scientific spirit. () China has four great inventions, including armillary sphere and pi. () These are all scientific inventions, not equal to scientific spirit. Merton believes that science will develop in different social structures, but not all social structures may provide institutional guarantee for the full development of scientific spirit. Democracy and scientific spirit are consistent to some extent, so they are partners of scientific spirit. However, the feudal monarchy in China for thousands of years is difficult to ensure the synchronous development of science and its scientific spirit.

The 20th century is called the century of science. "This is not only because there are many great scientific discoveries and achievements in the 20th century, but also because science has been transformed into unprecedented material strength through technical means, which has created enormous material wealth for mankind. Science has penetrated into all fields of human knowledge and daily life and has almost become synonymous with' truth'. " However, what is scientific spirit has been debated endlessly.

Merton gave four characteristics of scientific spirit: First, scientific spirit is universal. The direct expression of universalism is truth. In other words, science is truth. Truth has nothing to do with race, nationality, religion, class and personal qualities. The truth is red. Scientific exploration is the pursuit of truth. Second, the scientific spirit is "public". It means that science is not personal property, but closely related to sociality, especially to the identity of science. Even theories and laws named after individuals are not personal property. Newton's famous saying clearly expressed this essence of science: "If I see farther, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." Third, science is selfless. The so-called selflessness means "neither altruism nor self-interested behavior". It is the product of "passion for knowledge, endless curiosity and selfless concern for human interests". Accurately speaking, science is not the product of interests, but out of curiosity and curiosity, and knowledge is for knowledge. This is also the result of the simple pursuit of truth. Fourth, there is "organized skepticism" in science. It is to question the existing knowledge with the help of professional knowledge, logic and experience. This spirit is Descartes' universal skepticism. "I just want to study the truth, so I think my approach should be exactly the opposite. All doubtful opinions should be regarded as absolute fallacies and excluded, so as to see if there is anything beyond doubt in my heart. " Descartes' universal doubt is a way to serve the search for truth. Through universal doubt, once you find something beyond doubt, you will find the truth. The essence of science is seeking knowledge, and seeking knowledge is seeking truth. The most essential connotation of scientific spirit is the pursuit of truth. Merton's scientific spirit temperament can be summarized as follows: science is to seek truth. Not for utilitarian purposes, but for seeking knowledge and truth. Truth has nothing to do with identity, race, rank, etc.

When talking about science and eastern and western cultures, Liang Qichao criticized China people's attitude towards science, and thought that China people regarded science too low-level and too rough. It is believed that "no matter how advanced science is, it always belongs to art and instruments, which is the rough trace of knowledge." It is not unusual to know, and it is not shameful not to know. " Secondly, we take science too seriously.

Narrow. Don't say that people who hate science are "people who respect science relatively, or nine out of ten people don't understand the nature of science." They only know the value of the results of scientific research, but not the value of science itself. "

Our cultural tradition is inherently lacking in scientific spirit. In the 20th century, we didn't really find a "partner" for the breeding and development of the Olympic scientific spirit. We are indeed moving towards modernization and scientization with the process of world modernization. However, with popular language, we are modernized and scientific. We accept modern technology, equipment and production lines, but we haven't had time to accept or even cultivate the scientific spirit in our culture. What is worrying is that science has always enjoyed high prestige in modern society because of its obvious material utility. People expect it to solve all problems, deeply understand all existence and help meet any kind of demand. ..... When science becomes the symbol of our times, it is precisely when it no longer appears in the form of science ". Greed makes people deviate from science and apply technology to the limit. Modern people only have technology, even the material achievements of technology, but they don't enjoy any science. Although we boast that our era is an era of science, the distance between human beings and scientific spirit has never been so far. Science "spirit itself is swallowed up by technological process", which leads to science obeying technology and technology obeying people and things.

The result of desire. It is an important link that can not be ignored to cultivate scientific spirit in Chinese culture when promoting the great development of culture in the whole country.

(Excerpted from Democracy and Science) 20 12, the first issue of the magazine, with deletion)

(1) The first paragraph "this cultural mentality" refers to. (2 points)

(2) According to the context, the item that can fill in the space in the second paragraph in turn is (). (2 points)

A. So even so B. So although but

C. But despite this,

(2) Briefly analyze the role of paragraph 5 in the text structure. (3 points)

(3) The underlined sentences in paragraph 6 refer to. (2 points)

5. One of the following statements is (). (3 points)

1. China has made many scientific and technological achievements in ancient times, but this does not mean that China culture has scientific spirit.

The 20th century is called "the century of science" mainly because there are many great discoveries and scientific achievements.

Newton's scientific achievements are related to science because they are not his private property.

4. Liang Qichao thinks that "people who respect science relatively" actually don't understand the value of science itself.

6. According to the context, analyze the reasons why our culture lacks scientific spirit. (4 points)

(2) Read the selected text and complete Question 7- 12. (2 1)

Charming comma left by spring

Passing through Changzhou several times did not arouse the impulse and interest of knocking at the door to see. I feel that the stories and wonderful stories called "martial arts" by history have all stayed in Nanjing, Suzhou and Yangzhou. When we entered Changzhou and Yancheng, our prejudice was stripped bit by bit by gentle drizzle and calm wind, so that it disappeared without a trace. What unfolds in front of us is not subjective dullness, but a simple elder standing there.

This elder is Zhi.

The unparalleled Yancheng site of "Three Cities and Three Rivers" in the world today.

Yancheng has simplicity and quietness that Jinling, Suzhou and Yangzhou do not have, and it can be called a once carved and primitive land; A land that has been used and cultivated but not packaged, hyped and modernized.

The shape of this land is very special. When you look closely, it looks like a comma. A layer of river and a city's soil are superimposed together, circling without increasing or decreasing. It put away the modern vitality that surged out in the Spring and Autumn Period and meditated like a Zen master. Look at the wind, the clouds, the flowers bloom and fall, the changes in clothes and hairstyles, the people who have passed through generations, and the things that have been run over. It has always been silent, more silent than Jiezitui, Ji Kang and Tao Yuanming, just like Hemingway, who has never seen the classics, warmly welcomes a pair of practical, affordable and practical eyes, as well as eyes for exploration, discovery and work in a lonely place, and has gained a firm foothold in the world of eyes.

These eyes were seriously confused by the tattered clothes wrapped in Yancheng and the silent expression of "hidden in the city". It can be said that the scene used its modesty to "cheat" countless curious eyes. This is not the fault of the site, nor does it look like the fault of the eyes, because Yancheng is a comma left by the Yangtze River in the Spring and Autumn Period. Looking forward to the integrity of the story, looking forward to a full stop in the changes of the times and generations. Before the period appeared, Yancheng was like a sentry, standing here faithfully for three thousand years.

Yancheng is really a comma. Very small. Viewed from the landscape, although the "Three Cities and Three Rivers" has thousands of acres of land, it is really an insignificant "little brother" compared with the Great Wall, the pyramids and the Great Spring and Autumn Period. However, Little Yancheng, with its persistence, frankness and tenacity, cultivated a unique charm that the world could not copy, clone or forge, and told or restored the story of the Spring and Autumn Period that was run over by history to modern people to fly over space and swim in the deep sea.

The ship cruised between the Hezi River, the inland river and the outer river, and the ripples under the ship turned into just visiting hand in hand. We shuttled around this tunnel, letting our eyes catch the time and space symbols before and after, picking up those rare and subtle traces, and savoring the quaint taste left here in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Water has escaped the eyes of the curiosity hunter, and here it explains its living method.

I was assimilated by the calm water. With the naive idea of looking for a little "source living water" along the current.

I once boldly advocated that culture is the crystallization and carrier of living law. The culture of any nation, region or tribal group is the living law of this nation, region or tribal group. The ancestors of Yancheng created the castle model of "three cities and three rivers" for their lives. Some people say that this is a "specimen of the Yugoslav capital in the era of cold weapons", while others say that it is a "military fortress for wuyue's hegemony", but I think it is a portrayal of people's lifestyle at that time, or a realistic version and an upgraded version of the Peach Blossom Garden. It seems that what they think of is not "struggle", but existence and living, or living safely, peacefully and freely. So live on land, defend with rivers, multiply quietly, and live quietly. Avoid swords and shadows, avoid infighting, and avoid intrigue. I don't know if Tao Yuanming has been here, because his poems are everywhere, and there are pastoral shadows everywhere. "Birds love the old forest, while pond fish miss the old garden"; "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine huts. Warm and distant people's village, the smoke from the yiyi market "; "Looking at the clouds is getting higher and higher, and playing in the water is embarrassing"; Isn't the lines like "Nankai Wasteland Returning to the Garden" a portrayal of ancient Yancheng? What they are after is not the official second generation, the rich second generation, impetuous fame and fortune and "Gao Fushuai" at all, but the simple living way of thrifty Shu Ran, which is "well-fed, educated and not bullied by me".

Yancheng is really a comma. It is a strange symbol with three commas stacked together, which makes people think deeply. Outer city and outer city river, inner city and inner city river, and vice city and vice city river are three symbols that are hand in hand. They bring out the best in each other, watching the wind and rain quietly here, watching Dajiangdong and watching the human drama. The humble comma symbol is so striking. It seems that the life culture he carries exceeds the jewelry and diamonds that modern people admire. Diamonds don't last long, and the law of survival doesn't last long.

But why is Yancheng a comma, not a period, an ellipsis or an exclamation point? Is there a more urgent secret that hasn't been passed down here? What did Yancheng feel when we walked into or approached him?

I don't know.

Whether touching an old and vigorous tree, scooping out heavy water, or picking up dark soil, a stranger's heart is shocked. I not only feel the strong magnetic force from them, but also feel the aura of the Spring and Autumn Culture brewing, precipitating and forming here-wisdom, stubbornness, creativity and persistence, all of which converge at any point, reflecting and interpreting the glory of the Millennium Spring and Autumn Period.

There is such an aura that you can't copy it. Comma is not only a sign of "coming back" or "coming back". As for the rest, I don't know, but I'm looking forward to it. [Source: Learning+Discipline+Network]

(Selected from prose Baijiahao10,2012, with deletion)

7. "Plain" in the first paragraph refers to. (2 points)

8. The underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph uses a metaphor of a person to analyze its expressive effect. (2 points)

9. The phrase "Yancheng is really a comma" appears repeatedly in paragraphs 6 and 1 1 to analyze the author's writing intention. (3 points)

10. 10. Why do you say Yancheng is a "real version or even an upgraded version of the Peach Blossom Garden"? (4 points)

1 1. Select the following two () that are incorrect in analyzing the article. (6 points)

(6) In the first paragraph, "I" first feels "dull" about Yancheng, and then compares it to "growth", first restraining and then promoting, and highlighting respect.

(7) The words "North" and "No North" are used many times in the third paragraph, which explains why Yancheng keeps its quaint and quiet style.

(8) The fifth paragraph "seems" once, which shows the uncertainty of the author's judgment and is straightforward, accurate and appropriate.

(9) Eighth, Kyubi no Youko skillfully borrowed a term of "water", from the real to the virtual, which led to Yancheng's "living law culture".

The exploration of.

(10) The twelfth paragraph uses three questions to express "I"' s in-depth excavation of Yancheng cultural connotation, which also causes readers to think.

(1 1) The fifteenth paragraph "Expectation" once conveyed my good wish to return to the simple and quiet life of ancient Yancheng.

(1) Combined with the full text, the function of the title of this article is analyzed. (4 points)

(3) dictation. (6 points) Choose 6 spaces.

13.( 1) One thousand rocks and roads are uncertain. (Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in Dreams")

(2) Look at this bright light and stop crying? . (Du Fu's Moonlit Night)

(3) When * * * cut the candle at the west window, (Li Shangyin's Notes to a friend in the North on a rainy night) [Source: Zxxk.Com]

(4) The sun sets and the wine is idle. (Ma Zhiyuan's "Shouyang Quyuan Park Fangui")

(5), the official position is close. (Han Yu, Shi Shuo)

(6) When the sun shines, the shadow is on the stone. (Liu Zongyuan's Little Stone Pond)

(7) Confucius said: Don't seek politics. (Confucius "The Analects of Confucius Taibo")

(8) Appreciation of strange writing. (Tao Yuanming, Migration)

25. Read the following Tang poems and complete 14- 16. (8 points)

Xuanzhou sent judge Pei Tan to Zhou Shu.

Du Mu

Warm mud and melting snow are half gone, and pedestrians are arrogant.

Liu Fuqiao, Qingyijiang Village, Yunzhe Temple, Jiuhuashan Road.

Your intention is as noble as your own, and my heart is shaking.

If you come, you can't go together, so the country is lonely every spring!

Note: Jiuhua Mountain is located in the southwest of Qingyang, Chizhou, which is the only place for Qingyijiang Village in Xuanzhou to go to Zhou Shu.

14. Write all the rhyming words in this poem: (1)

15. The following appreciation of this city is inappropriate (). (3 points)

A. First, write the scenery, skillfully explain the farewell season and render the farewell atmosphere.

B. Necklace highlights the feelings of friends who are proud of the spring breeze but can't hide their melancholy.

C. The loneliness of the couplet directly expresses the author's farewell feeling and takes care of the topic.

D the bright scenery and melancholy mood in the poem constitute the effect of "happy scenery versus sad feelings".

16. Please write an appreciation article for the couplet of this poem from the perspective of the relationship between reality and reality. (4 points)

(5) Read the following and complete the question 17-2 1. (17)

Zhang Zai, with thick words, is from Chang 'an. Talk less about soldiers. Take the land of Taoxi by making friends. On February12008, Fan Zhongyan was praised by the book. As soon as he saw his great power, he was said by the police: "Confucianism has its own name to teach coke, so why serve the army?" I was persuaded to read The Doctrine of the Mean. After reading his book, I still didn't think it was enough, but I also went to talk to Lao for several years. I don't know anything, but I asked for six classics. Try to sit on the tiger skin and talk about the capital of Iraq. There are many listeners. One night, when Cheng Er arrived, the Japanese said, "I know the Book of Changes better than seeing Cheng Er, so I can learn from it." Stop sitting and talk. With Cheng Cheng's emphasis on Taoism, he confidently said, "My Tao is self-sufficient, so what else can I ask for?" So I gave up different studies and became pure.

Raise Jinshi to pray for the state judiciary to join the army and make a decree. Politically, we should put kindness and customs first, have good luck every month, eat and drink, call the villagers to the county court for an annual meeting, and personally persuade them to pay. Let people know the significance of caring for the elderly, because they ask people about their sufferings and tell them the significance of exhorting their children. [Source: Zxxk.Com]

At the beginning of Xining, the emperor thought that Chongwen Academy was a book. Move the sick and hold the foot of Nanshan, sitting in a room all day long, editing around, reading and thinking, knowing what you have, or sitting up in the middle of the night with candles and books. His ambition is well thought out. He has never rested or forgotten for a moment. We eat and dress ourselves and give lectures to students. Every time we tell them the way to change their temperament, they will learn like saints. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, scholars have always believed that knowing people does not know the sky, and seeking the virtuous rather than the holy.

Because of the generous recommendation of Lu, I wrote a letter to Taichang Hospital. If you don't agree with the ceremony, it will be a disease, and the middle road will be very sick. You will bathe, change clothes and sleep, but you will die. The poor can't accept it, so the owner bought a coffin to pay for it. Xu Jiang, a bachelor of Hanlin, said that he was determined to make progress and begged for more T-shirts to do part-time work for him in the library.

Note: Two brothers, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, were both Neo-Confucianists in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Jing: Take money to help people with funerals.

Write the meaning of the following words in the sentence. (4 points)

A. Book Fan Zhongyan () (2) Sitting in the room all day ()

20. Our clothes are all exposed () () 4 Thai dollars ()

13. The following groups have the same usage and meaning (). (2 points)

1. Today is the day when the police sent me to the army.

Because you ask people about their sufferings, you are my brother.

I thought I knew everything, so I returned home in triumph.

I won't cover up my virtue when I return to illness.

19. One word added in the following sentences with the same meaning in ancient and modern times is (). (2 points)

16. Instead, seek the six meridians.

17. careless and confident yue

18. Join the army to pray for national justice.

19. Talk about enterprising.

20. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. (6 points)

(1) I know the way of "Yi" better than seeing Cheng Er. What I have learned can be used for reference by your generation.

(2) The owner * * * bought a coffin and returned it.

2 1. Please summarize the success of Zhang Zai's scholarship. (3 points)

(6) Read the following article and complete questions 22-26. (12)

① Six.

A layman said: "The wind, frost, snow and ice are all delicate dewdrops." In terms of mountain colors, there are many changes in the four seasons, but after the wind, frost and snow, there is a unique charm that transcends beauty and beauty. There are countless angels in spring, and plum blossoms are alone in the wind, frost and snow, with the rhyme as the crown of all flowers. An old friend, who only knows that everything is thriving outside warm weather, does not know that he grew up in cold weather, which is particularly strange. From this point of view, the scholar is born with wealth, eats and lives well, and has nothing to do with wind, frost, snow and ice, but has achieved something, and is not far from everything. However, the husband's plan is very poor and forced, and it is extremely difficult to balance. People with will are often tempered and beautiful. who is it? After the whole machine shook, I had a brainwave and forced it through. I learned how to be wise. That is, the knowledge generated by the world comes from this, but what about the words of the situation?

(2) Friends are no different, and I am not so sleepy. Well, if guests send them around, they will benefit from self-shock, make a fuss, and take great pains to send them as articles, clearing the air of victory and expressing their love. (3) If fallen leaves become mountains, Gu Mei is worried; Take it all at once. It is also appropriate to be solid. However, giving each meeting is tantamount to kissing the boss (4). Hehe, reading privately is not only crossing the wind, frost and snow, but also killing his habits. The ancients said: "People who can push food will taste hunger;" Those who give horses and chariots and say nothing, don't.

Fear of hikers. "If you are afraid of hunger and fear, what's going on in the world is stingy, afraid of it, isn't it? If there were no abnormal troubles in the world, there would be no trouble in the world. It makes no difference to give this coupon.

Selected from Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to Parasitic Works of Chen Yi.

Note ① Sui (Yu Sisheng): Warm. ② Um (Hu Sisheng): Freeze. ③ (Ai Sisheng): Dust. ④ Yu, a layman in the late Ming Dynasty, made friends with Yuan Zhongdao.

22. The 6 1 year-old lay man is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (name). ( 1)

23. Correct understanding of the sentence "Nothing is difficult for a willing mind" is () (2 points).

A. Chen is always faced with the world's difficulties, and he will never think that the world's major events are difficult to do.

B. Chen takes the world's difficulties as a common thing, and of course he will not be stumped by the world's major events.

C. Chen Dou has tried the difficult things in the world, and he will never find the important things in the world difficult.

D. Chen takes the world's difficulties as a common thing, and will never think that the world's difficulties are major events.

24. The word "Ben" in paragraph (1) means _ _ _ _ _. (Answer in the original sentence) (2 points)

25. The first paragraph is about "Hundred Flowers" and "Plum Blossoms". Please analyze their functions from the perspective of argumentation methods. (3 points)

26. This article and Biography of Lingguan are both prefaces. Please compare the different writing purposes of the two articles. (4 points)

Second, the composition (70 points)

27. Read the following materials and write as required.

In our time, "copying" seems to be everywhere: you can copy a manuscript with a little mouse click; Accepting a beautiful woman can copy an idol; Building an assembly line can copy a batch of products; Copy a city in a circle; Singing a song can reproduce the same emotion; Reading can copy an idea. ......

What do you think of the above phenomenon? Please write an article with your own experience and feelings.

Requirements: (1) Choose your own angle, write your own topic, and don't write poetry.

(2) Not less than 800 words.

(3) Personal information shall not be disclosed.