origin
The earliest Nordic myths all appeared in the form of songs. In BC, the legend of the strange spirit in the period of "when chaos first opened, Gan Kun began to drink" has been circulated among Germanic tribes in northern Europe. In the Middle Ages, Icelandic scholars recorded them in words. There are mainly two "Eda" that can be consulted now (the meaning of this word cannot be verified. Some people think it means "poetry"; Some people think that it is the sound change of Audi, the academic center in southern Iceland, which may refer to the "Audi series". First, the former Ada, or Poetic Ada, discovered by Icelandic scholar Bryn Gjorv Swenson in 1643, was written between the 9th century and13rd century, which included One is Post-Eda, or Essay Eda, written by the Icelandic poet Snorri Sturluson (1178 ~1241) at the beginning of13rd century. It is an explanatory work of "Pre-Ada".
Nordic myth is a unique myth system in Scandinavia, and its formation time is relatively later than other major myth systems in the world. The oral communication history of Nordic mythology can be traced back to 1-2 century, which was first popular in Norway, Denmark and Sweden, and spread to Iceland and other places with a group of immigrants around the 7th century. In the Middle Ages, Christianity prevailed throughout Europe. Because of its strong political attacks, most of the works that record Nordic myths are regarded as heresy and burned. So far, the Icelandic epic Eda and the Germanic epic Song of Nibelungen have been well preserved.
Myth system
Nordic mythology is completely different from Greek, Egyptian, Indian and China mythology. The gods in Nordic mythology are not omnipotent, and the world is not eternal. Odin, the God King, crossed the misty forest at the expense of one eye, met Mimir, a wise man who guarded the world tree, and gained great wisdom. He made an invincible shooting star gun Kungunir from the branches of the world tree, engraved with a sacred contract: "The man who holds this spear will rule the world", which is why he became the king of gods.
Nordic mythology is a polytheistic system, which can be roughly divided into four systems: giant, god, elf and dwarf. Among them, the giant created the world and gave birth to the gods, but at the same time it is also the greatest enemy of the gods, which can be understood as a personalized natural force. The gods are divided into two tribes, the asir tribe headed by Odin and the Vannier tribe headed by Neil, the sea god, among which there are twelve gods. Elves and gnomes belong to demigods. They serve God. Their specific origin is still very vague, and they belong to a special creation in the Germanic region.
There are many very special parts in Nordic mythology. For example, the creation of human beings first created women, and the material created is not the soil expressed in most myths, but a branch. Another outstanding feature is determined by its geographical location. Because Scandinavia is located in the extreme north, it is cold all the year round, so the frost giant has a high position in mythology and often makes the gods feel headache. Secondly, the view of extinction and rebirth has the greatest influence. Different from other mythological systems, the gods in Nordic mythology are not perfect, and they themselves will face the fate of extinction. For example, Odin sacrificed his left eye in order to gain knowledge, and Kuya was hanged from a tree and was traumatized before he got a pike symbolizing strength. On the other hand, Nordic mythology holds that when everything dies, new life will be formed again, and everything in the world is in a cycle.
Mythological figure
Twelve Lord God
Nordic mythology is a polytheistic system, which can be roughly divided into four systems: giant, god, elf and dwarf. Among them, giants created the world and gave birth to the gods, but they were also the greatest enemies of the gods. God is divided into two tribes, the ASIR tribe headed by the Lord God Odin (ASIR) and the Vanier tribe headed by the sea god Niod (Vanier), among which there are twelve main gods:
I. Odin: The Lord God.
The king of gods, the ruler of the world, is also called "Father". He wore a golden helmet and two crows perched on his shoulders, symbolizing "thought" and "memory" respectively. They fly around the world every morning and come back to report their experiences to Odin. There are two wolves squatting at Odin's feet, who are responsible for guarding. In order to increase intelligence, predict the future and rule better, Odin wanted to drink the water from the well of wisdom, which is the holy spring next to the root of ash tree. But Mimir, the giant guarding the oil well, asked him to pay for one eye. Odin immediately dug out an eye without thinking. Drink well water, and you will become knowledgeable. He invented the ancient Norse script (Rhone), which was used by the goddess of fate to record her destiny on the shield.
Two. Frigga (frigga):
Cupid, in charge of marriage and family, Odin's wife. Have dominion over heaven and hell. She is beautiful, with white feathers in the middle of her blonde hair. Wearing a white robe with a golden belt and a bunch of keys hanging on it. She likes beautiful clothes and sparkling jewels. She stole Odin's gold to buy an expensive necklace. Odin found out and ran away in a rage. The universe was immediately ruled by the frost giant, and the severe winter killed all life. It was not until Odin returned to Asgard seven months later that the crisis passed.
Three. Thor:
Thor, the eldest son of Odin, the Lord God, and the son of Buddha Qin Luo, the goddess of the earth. Saul is tall and has great arm strength. He has leopard eyes and a red beard. Saul was in rags, but he wore a magic belt around his waist, which doubled his strength. Saul wore iron gloves and gripped Miol's magic hammer. Sol guarded the frost giants and pythons in the East all the year round, and guarded the homes of the gods. Sol is honest and dares to contradict Odin. Saul has a bad temper, but he is brave. When the end of the gods came, Thorsol fought with the Midgard python (Grave Winnell) and died with the python.
Four. Securities investment fund (Siv):
Sol's wife, goddess of land and harvest. She has beautiful blonde hair hanging from her head to her feet. One day, Loki, the Vulcan, cut off her hair in a prank while she was sleeping. Seaver was not happy about it, and Saul was very angry. From then on, there is no peace in the world.
Verb (short for verb) Frey:
God of wealth, prosperity, love and peace, king of Alfei, a beautiful fairy country. He and Walder are both gods of light, or sun. His elves do good deeds all over the world. He often rides a wild boar with a golden mane to go out for inspection. Everyone enjoys the peace and happiness he gives. He has a sword, which is radiant and can walk on clouds. He also has a pocket magic ship, which can carry all the gods and their weapons when necessary.
The intransitive verb Loki (Loki);
Loki, the mother and brother's son of Vulcan giants Farbetti and Odin, is a descendant of frost giants. He is handsome, but he has a bad temper. He gave birth to some terrible monsters, such as Fenris Wolf and Midgard Python. He looks kind and treacherous. He often speaks ill of himself, quarrels with other gods and causes trouble. At first, he just joked for fun, such as secretly cutting Sif's hair. Later, he did evil unscrupulously, became a demon, and even encouraged the dark god to murder god of light. He is good at magic and miracles. He can turn himself into countless monsters in an instant, and then be chained up for his crimes.
Seven. Tyre:
God of War, son of giant himl. Legend has it that he is the guarantor of the contract and the sworn guardian. When other gods teased and bound the strange wolf in Fenris, Tyr put his arm in the wolf's mouth as a guarantor of credit. The wolf found that the god who tied him was actually setting a trap and immediately bit off Tyr's arm. From then on, Tyre became a one-armed god. But wearing a sword, he always looks dignified. The ancient custom of swearing by sword originated from the worship of Tyr, the god of war, in northern Europe. Many traditional sword dances are arranged in memory of the God of War.
Eight. Freya (freya):
The god of reproduction, in charge of fertility and love, Frey's sister. She is very kind and most loved, because people in the ice and snow are eagerly looking forward to the arrival of spring. She often wears heavy makeup and colorful clothes, and sometimes she goes into battle all dressed up, leading fairies to choose dead heroes for Odin. In some stories, she and frigga are the same god.
Nine. Heimdahl:
The patron saint of the gods. Also known as Rig, he is full of gold teeth and has a keen and far-reaching vision. His eyes can see four roads, he can see three hundred miles away day and night, and he can hear in all directions. When he was lying on the ground, he could hear the hiss of grass growing. He guarded Birrost, the main entrance to heaven, day and night to resist the invasion of frost trolls. He rode a horse with a golden mane and Ollard's horn on his shoulder. In case of emergency, he blew his horn and summoned the gods to deal with it. Legend has it that he is the first person in heaven. When the end of the gods came, Heimdahl and Vulcan Loki died together.
X. Baird (Baird):
Odin's other son, god of light. Outstanding talent, outstanding appearance, smiling. People felt very happy when he smiled. He had a nightmare and had a premonition that he would be assassinated. The gods were worried about this, so Odin sent an official to strictly prohibit all birds, animals, plants and animals from hurting Bode. However, the official did not give an order to mistletoe, because he felt that this fragile and incompetent plant did not need to be guarded. Loki, the Vulcan, took advantage of this opportunity to make a sharp arrow with mistletoe, inciting Holder, the god of darkness, to come forward, aiming with a bow and shooting Balder to death.
XI。 Holder:
The dark god said that Baird's twin brother was blind. He is melancholy, withdrawn, sinister and cruel, and insists on being the enemy of light. Loki, a Vulcan, instructed him to kill the happy God of Light.
Twelve. Boodell:
Odin's son, the god of poetry, is said to be the god of wisdom, poetry and eloquence. He often writes poems in praise of great men and warriors. His wife Eden is also the goddess of Asgard. She has a treasure box with golden apples of youth. The immortal is old, so long as he tastes the golden apple, he can be rejuvenated. At the sacrificial banquet in Scandinavia, guests often use the horn dedicated to Blagi, the god of poetry, as a wine glass, drinking to their heart's content, vowing to make contributions and make it immortal in poetry.
Other gods
Goddess Gevjon
The goddess Qiao Fei knows the past and the future. Qiao Fen came to Sweden disguised as a witch. After several trysts with King Gulliver, she asked him for a small piece of land. The king promised her a wasteland where she could farm day and night. That night, Geoffein's four sons plowed a large area of land from central Sweden with a stick plow pulled by a bull and moved to Denmark, which became the largest island in Denmark. The hole plowed in central Sweden poured into the sea and became the largest lake in Sweden-Lake Meralen.
Valle (Vale)
Son of God Odin. Wally is the illegitimate child of Linde and Odin. He was born and grew up in the wind, and he could fight day and night. He didn't wash his hands or comb his hair until he caught Bud's enemy, hoddle, and avenged god of light Bud.
Lind (Rind)
Wali's mother, mistress of the Lord God Odin. Linde refused Odin's pursuit many times, first on the pretext that he would come back at dusk, and then set up strict guards. Odin dodged when he went back, leaving a dog on the bed. At last Odin puzzled Linde with a spell and succeeded. Linde and Odin have a son, Wally.
Titan clan
The creator of the mythical world, the oldest race in Nordic mythology, all gods have the blood of giants, but giants are also their eternal enemies.
Ancestor: Ymer.
In ancient times, there was a wide and deep crack in the middle of the chaotic world. The interaction of hot and cold air, flame, ice, smoke and steam forms a blockage at the edge of the crack, making it a huge Imil. Imil's descendants Odin, Willie and Willie killed Imil when they grew up, and formed the world with his body: blood became lakes and oceans; Meat turned into land; The bones are mountains; Teeth turn into rocks; Brain marrow turns into clouds; The skull turned into the sky; Eyebrows became fences.
Poseidon: Tjatse in the Golden Cup.
Giant, Skade's father. Jinbei Tjatse kidnapped Eton, the golden apple goddess in charge of eternal youth. Because it was Loki's fault to go to Yidun privately, the gods ordered Loki to rescue him. Loki borrowed Frigga's feather clothes and turned into a baby eagle. He sneaked into the castle of the giant Jinbei Tjatse, turned Eton into a walnut and flew to Asgard with it in his mouth. Only to be discovered by Skade, Jinbei Tjatse turned into a falcon to pursue. When he tried to catch up, Tyre lit a torch, burned the falcon to death, and the giant Jinbei Tjatse lost his life.
Mountain God: Skade.
The daughter of Tjatse in Jinbei and the wife of Ner, the god of Ner tribe. After Tjatse, her father's Jinbei, was killed by the gods, Skade asked Odin for compensation, but Odin promised her that she could find a husband among the gods. Skade took a fancy to god of light Bader, but Odin naturally didn't want to, so he married Skade to the ugly Poseidon Neeld. Skade divorced soon after she married Nieold.
Witch: Albuda (Gurvig)
The mother of Gilder, the goddess of grain, and the wife of Guimil, the giant. Giantess, Vulcan Loki's lover. Together with Loki, she gave birth to Fenrir, the wolf, and Midgard, the python-the grave cover. Albuda was a spy of her lover Loki, and the asir tribe wanted to kill her, which triggered a war between the two tribes.
Groru
Daughter of the giant Su Dong. The giant stole the ale brewed by Fila and Gila, and the spirits of the wine. Odin, the Lord God, served in Sudong Garden for a year in order to ask for ale, but was rejected. After Odin seduced Gong Lu, Su Dong's daughter, with Gong Lu's help, he stole malt liquor and returned to Asgard. Odin escaped from Sudong Garden and abandoned Gong Lu, who was unhappy all day.
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