Imperial vault

1, the main hall of the imperial vault

The imperial vault courtyard is located on the north side of the outer branch of the vault, with a round wall facing south and three glazed doors in the south. The main buildings are the Royal Vault and the East-West Annex Hall, which is a place where domes and shrines are worshipped.

2. West Hall of Imperial Vault

The West Attached Hall of the Imperial Dome is a place dedicated to the luminous god (moon) and sex, rain, wind and thunder.

3. Inside the Imperial Dome

The Imperial Dome is supported by sixteen rotating columns, eight eaves columns in the outer layer and eight gold columns in the middle. There is a golden bucket arch on the two pillars to support the ceiling and the algae well on the arch. The hall is covered with dragons and phoenixes and seal paintings. The ceiling pattern is two gold-plated dragons, and the algae well is Jinlong algae well. The span of bucket arch and caisson is unique in China ancient architecture.

4. East Hall of Imperial Treasury

The imperial vault is decorated with a hall, a resting mountain hall roof, a glazed tile roof with blue tiles, and six steps on the front, decorated with colorful paintings, with exquisite shapes. The East Hall is dedicated to Daimyojin (the sun), the Big Dipper, the five stars of Jin Mu and the stars of Sunday, while the West Hall is dedicated to the luminous god (the moon) and the gods of sex, rain and wind.

Qigutan

1, the interior of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year

The Hall of Prayer for the New Year is supported by 28 nanmu columns in a circular arrangement. There are four Longjing columns in the middle, with a height of19.2m and a diameter of1.2m, which support the upper eaves. 12 middle pillar supports the second eaves; Outside 12 eaves column supports the third eaves; Three floors of ceilings are correspondingly arranged, with dragon and phoenix algae wells in the middle; In the hall, there are beams, dragons, phoenixes and painted seals.

2. Hall of Prayer for the New Year History and Culture Exhibition (East Annex)

The East Annex Building is a historical and cultural exhibition of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year. We show you the unique charm of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year from the aspects of history, art, implication and major events, so that you can truly feel your arrival.

3. New Year Prayer Hall

The altar of the altar for praying for the valley is a circular building that integrates the altar and the temple, which was established according to the ancient saying that "His Highness worships the emperor". The altar has three floors, with a height of 5.6m, a lower diameter of 9 1 m, a middle diameter of 80m and an upper diameter of 68m. The main hall is circular, 38 meters high and 32.7 meters in diameter. It has three layers of blue glazed tiles, round eaves, pyramid-shaped roofs and gilded roofs.

4. Sacrificial Pavilion on the altar of praying for grain

Sacrificial pavilions are places where sacrifices are prepared. Because of the old sacrifice, it is not allowed to slaughter with a knife. Can only be killed with wood. So the sacrifice pavilion is also called the sacrifice pavilion.

The sacrificial pavilion is in the east of the altar for praying for the New Year. Located at the end of the corridor. This is a hall with double eaves and a mountain to rest. Outer ring brick wall. East and south gate. There is a well in the yard. The well is covered with a pavilion. The ground in the yard is made of seawall bricks.

Sacrificial pavilion worships the base. Chess fighting support. Stone painting. Five rooms wide. Go deep into three rooms. A separate door is set in the south direction between the lighting room and the second room. The windowsill window is built between the two tops. The east and west gables have bright windows. There is a platform in front of the temple. Extremely wide. There is a hall on the right side of the platform as the end of the corridor. It is a suspended-hill shed building. Connected to the promenade. There is a stone well in front of the platform. A place to draw water for sacrifice. A well pavilion covered with a hexagonal survey roof. There is a brick door on the east wall of Zaiting. There are Pinus bungeana and Albizia Albizia trees and a large lawn outside the door. There used to be an ancient well there. As a washing sacrifice, there are still stone remains in the mid-1980 s. I can't recognize it now.

The memorial pavilion underwent a large-scale renovation in September 1977. The roof was renovated. Some wooden frames were replaced. Do it again. Row ridge。 Re-official tiles. Grasp the knot and grasp the ridge. Replaced the back-kissing beast. Running beast. After reconstruction. Once turned into a ballroom. Later, it was changed into a management room. 1990 turned into qingshanju jewelry store, 1997 moved out of youth shanju jewelry store. Sacrificial pavilions were then used to hold flower exhibitions, such as Chinese rose and chrysanthemum.

5. Pray for Chef Tantan

The Divine Kitchen Courtyard is located in the east of the altar of Clifford Valley, and the corridor is built in the north. It was the place where short bean dishes were held in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are Shenku Hall, Shenchu Hall and Ganquan Well in the hospital.

The Shenku Hospital is a three-in-one courtyard, with Shenku Hall in the north, Shenku Hall in the east and west, and courtyard gate in the south, which is connected with 72 rooms. There are brick walls around the hall, but the walls are painted red and covered with green tiles. They are dignified and dignified, hidden in the shade of cypress trees.

Shenku Hall is the main hall of Shenku Hospital. In the old days, a cage bean case was set up in the court, and the emperor was sacrificed the day before, or officials were sent to the court to hold a shed bean instrument. The main hall faces south, worships the pedestal, hangs blue glazed tiles, five gables, five bays, 30.9 meters wide and three depths 12.3 meters. There is a floor-to-ceiling rhomboid partition in the south of Mingnan, with vertical belts and treads in front, and a double-crossed square partition window between the secondary tips. White walls on the back eaves and blue bricks on the shoulders. The east and west halls of Baishitai in Chu Yuan, Shen Ming are the halls of gods. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this was a place for offering sacrifices. In the early Ming Dynasty, there was only the East Hall when the Heaven and Earth Altar was built, and the West Hall was added when Jiajing Dynasty built the Great Pleasure Hall. Both halls worship the base, the green glass roof and the five gables. The chef's east hall is slightly wider than the main hall, and the west hall is slightly narrower than the main hall. There are bright windows on the back eaves of the two halls, and the rest are the same as the main hall. There is an ancient well in front of the chef's east hall, covered with a pavilion, which is a green glazed tile with a hexagonal roof. Porcelain white stone at the pavilion wellhead is vertical to the derrick shaft, and the depth is more than10m. In the old days, well water was sweet, so people called it Ganquan well, which was used to make soup during sacrifice. Wang Shiqi, a poet in A Qing, wrote a poem about the Ganquan well in the Temple of Heaven in Zhupai Ci: "There are few Ganquan wells in the capital, and the spring buds are all fried. Only the Temple of Heaven is good, and a spoonful of clear waves sells for thousands of dollars. " There are many conifers and cypresses in the kitchen, and the trees are full of shade. The rooms in the yard are lined with city bricks, which is very regular. The kitchen house has been empty since the Republic of China. On the eve of the founding of New China, it was occupied by the Kuomintang defenders. After the founding of New China, it was first used as the stack room of the Capital Library, and the reading room was opened in the East Attached Hall, where trees were planted at that time. In the mid-1950s, when the stacks moved out, the hall of Shenchu Academy was changed into an exhibition hall, and a management room was added in the courtyard, and exhibitions of unearthed cultural relics and agricultural achievements in Beijing were held one after another. During the Cultural Revolution, it was turned into a warehouse for civil air defense fortifications. From 1972 to 10, it was changed to Chongwen Youth House, and the halls of Shenku Garden were transformed, the Shenku Hall was transformed into an auditorium, and a stage was built. The ground of the east and west halls has also been transformed, and the west hall has a ceiling. 1985 The Temple of Heaven partially restored the kitchen west hall and the library hall, and the back west hall was closed. 1990, 65438+ 10, Chongwen District Youth Home moved out of Shenchu Garden. 1993, the Temple of Heaven began to comprehensively repair the main halls of the Shenku Garden, demolishing various miscellaneous buildings in the courtyard, exposing the Ganquan well, and the main halls also showed their former landscapes. 1995, the Temple of Heaven changed the chef's east hall into an exhibition room and the west hall into a reception room, and successively held exhibitions such as A Dream of Red Mansions, Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Tomb, Emperor Qianlong and the Temple of Heaven Exhibition, and Guangxi Strange Stone Exhibition.

6. Pray for the Tantan

The time difference between the altar for praying for grain and the dome altar is 100 years, and the plant species around the altar are also different. Platycladus orientalis mainly surrounds the altar of praying for grain, while Sabina vulgaris surrounds the altar of Qiu Qi.

7. Temple of Sacrifice to Heaven (West Annex)

The Heavenly Sacrifice Hall is located in the west annex of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year. The focus is on the evolution of the worship ceremony in China, focusing on the worship ceremony in Qing Dynasty, including ritual vessels and procedures. Among them, The Thirteen Years' Bitterness Book of Qingganlong shows the highest etiquette style of China royal family for the first time, which is especially wonderful.

8. Huang Gan Concert Hall

Huanggan Hall is a hall dedicated to the altar of five grains, which was built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420). It is located on the north side inside and outside the praying altar. Three glazed doors are connected to the altar. There are blue glazed tiles at the top of the altar and stone pillars for sacrifice. There is a platform in front of it. There are eight floors in front of the platform and eight floors on the left and right. There is an old gate on the west side of the hospital. The plaque of "Huanggantang" hanging under the eaves is the private collection of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty.

Shengmin music office

The Divine Music Department is one of the buildings in the Temple of Heaven. It is located in the west altar of the Temple of Heaven. It was a place where rites and music were practiced in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was known as the highest institution of learning in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Divine Music Department first appeared in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420). At first, everyone said that God was optimistic. There are many temples in the temple and the environment is beautiful. There are teahouses and pharmacies, also known as the Temple of Heaven Taoist Temple. In the eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1743), God Optimism changed its name to God Music House. In the 19th year of Qianlong reign (1754), it was named the Divine Music Department.

Xianyoutang 1

Xianyou Hall, located on the west side of Ningxi Hall, was originally a place dedicated to the Xuanwu Emperor of Taoism. In the Ming dynasty, the musicians and dancers who were moderate and less happy were mainly pipe workers. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Taoist priests were expelled, and God's optimism was changed to a holy land. In the 19th year of Qianlong, it was named the Divine Music Department, and the Xianyou Hall was abandoned. It is now a memorial hall for ancient musical figures in China to carry forward the glorious achievements of our ancestors in the history of music.

2. Ningxi Club

The main hall of the Divine Music Department of the Temple of Heaven was originally a training and sacrificial hall in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is an ancient building with a single eaves at the top. Sitting west to east, with six bays and five bays, there is a hall door in the east-west direction, covering an area of 600 square meters. It is now turned into the exhibition area of "Zhonghe Shaole", where ancient sacrificial music and dance performances are held, and it is also the main exhibition hall of zhonghe Shaole musical instruments such as bells and chimes.

Semia

1, Bell Tower

The bell tower is located in the northeast corner of the outer layer of Zhai Palace, with a green glazed tile roof and a double-eaved mountain-resting style, and there is a big clock cast in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Before the ceremony, the emperor drove out of Zhaigong and began to ring the bell. When he reached the altar, the bell stopped.

2, fasting palace

Zhai Palace was built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420). It is the place where the emperor fasted before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven. It is located in the southwest corner of the altar in the Valley of Blessing. There are some buildings dedicated to etiquette, residence, service and safety in the palace, such as the beamless hall, the sleeping hall, the bell tower, the duty room and the verandah, all of which are made of green glazed tiles, surrounded by double palace walls and two imperial ditches. The Zhai Palace, with its rigorous layout and elegant environment, is a masterpiece of China's sacrificial and fasting architecture.

3. Wu grain shop

Wuliangdian is the main hall of Zhai Palace, which was built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420). It has a green glazed tile roof, a brick vault in the hall, and the platform in front of the hall worships the foundation stone pillars. It has three characteristics, 13 positive steps and 15 or so steps. There is a bronze fasting pavilion on the north side of the platform, a time pavilion on the south side, and a moire relief in the middle of the front steps.

4. Tongren Pavilion

Tongren Pavilion, located on the north side of the platform of Zhaigong Liangdian Hall, has four stone pillars, four brick arches, a square pyramid top, green glazed tiles, and a quadrilateral spine-swallowing ball at the top. It is 5.5 meters high and 2 meters square, with exquisite structure. It is the place where fasting bronze men are placed during fasting. .

5. Time Pavilion

Time Pavilion is a small-scale temple with a narrow and high stone pedestal. Before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven began, Qin officials put time cards in the time pavilion, and the emperor drove out of the palace calmly and saluted the altar according to the broadcast time.

Danbi bridge

Dan 'ai Bridge is 360 meters long and 29 meters wide, and it runs north and south. Its southern end is slightly higher than the surface, and its northern end is more than 4.5 meters higher than the surface. It has a blue brick seawall and a white tartar edge. It is a long platform made of mixed masonry, which is called Haidi Avenue in history books. Because there are two culverts below, it is also called Danlu Bridge. Legend has it that the single-strong bridge is named because there is only one ramp in the west and no ladder in the east, forming a slope with the same layout as the single arm, so it is nicknamed the single-arm bridge. Later, people tried to be auspicious, so the homonym is called Lu Dan Bridge. Dancheng Bridge connects the Cheng Zhen Gate in the south and the brick gate in the south of the prayer valley altar in the north, which integrates the mound with the Hall of Prayer for the Year and forms an architectural axis of the Temple of Heaven. Long Dan Bridge is flat and wide. The deck of the bridge used to be a city brick seawall, but in 1976, it was changed to tile cement square bricks. The central dike is a white stone with a slightly convex and curved stone surface. At that time, the ceremony was called Shinto, because it was the road that the sacred domain passed through, and it was connected with the south brick gate of the altar of prayer for the valley and the Cheng Zhen gate of the mound. Shinto, that is, the imperial road wai, is the way for emperors to worship heaven, and it is connected with the left and right doors of the south brick gate of the altar of prayer for the valley and the left and right doors of the circle gate of Qiuzhen.

1, service desk

There is a dressing table in the east of Danlongqiao Bridge, where the emperor changed his clothes before offering sacrifices. When he built the Great Sacrifice Hall in Yongle, Ming Dynasty, there was a clothing hall. In the 24th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1545), Emperor Jiajing cancelled the Great Sacrificial Hall.

When building a large enjoyment hall, the furniture service hall was demolished and the furniture service platform was rebuilt. The service desk is a brick square table, with a height of more than 4 meters, a square width of 18.6 meters and an area of more than M0 square meters. In Tainan, are the north and the east vertical? Take the white marble railing and water outlet as the faucet, and set a passage to the west, which is connected with Lu Dan Bridge. The countertop with service desk was originally a fine-grained city brick, and 1976 was changed to a flat {paved cement square brick. There is a protruding square brick platform on the service platform, and the borders around it are inlaid with white Tatars. In the early stage of every sacrificial ceremony in Ming and Qing Dynasties, officials in Taichang Hall set up changing clothes on the stage to prepare for the emperor's changing clothes. Oh, it's a yellow scroll with a built-in gold-scanning version, just like a temple, so it's also called Xiaojindian.

2. The Gate of Hell

In the middle of Lu Dan Bridge, adjacent to the service platform, there is an east-west arch culvert, commonly known as "the gate of hell", which is a passage connecting the east and west corners of the altar in Clifford Valley. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Temple of Heaven built a special place for raising sacrificial funds, which was located in the southwest corner of the outer altar of the Temple of Heaven, while the Valley Prayer Pavilion was located in the east of the Hall of Praying for the New Year, at the end of the 72-story building. Before the sacrificial ceremony, the servants drove the animals to the sacrificial pavilion for sacrifice, and they had to pass through Long Dan Bridge on the way. According to the etiquette system in ancient China, animals can't pass Shinto, so the ancients built culverts under Lu Dan Bridge to let animals pass. It turns out that the exit to the west of the culvert is a rectangular hole with steps for people to board the Long Dan Bridge, and the exit to the east of the culvert is set by the brick wall of Qidanlong Bridge. 197 1, the management department added a step to the east entrance of the culvert, and the east entrance of the culvert was also changed to the square south entrance. The walls on both sides of the culvert are all granite, and the ground is all masonry. It's cold, wet and refreshing. It's really chilling.

Waqiutan

1, from burner

There are two iron-burning stoves on the altar of the ball, and two outside the East-West Stargate, which are used to burn sacrifices. Outside the East Star Gate, one furnace in the north is dedicated to Daimyojin (Sun), and the other furnace in the south is used by various star gods.

2. Look at the lights

The lookout lamp is located in the southwest of the outer mound altar and is used for lighting during sacrifice. There were three lanterns during the sacrifice in Qing Dynasty. Under each observation lamp, a stone observation tower and a pole-clamping stone are fixed. The height of the desk lamp pole is nine feet (28.8 meters), and the top is provided with a wishful pole and pulley to control the rise and fall of the desk lamp. It is supported by three huge wooden poles, and the observation lamp is hung by infinite poles.

3. Coordination furnace

Liao furnace is an iron furnace used to burn offerings. The eight Liao furnaces here are located in the northeast of the wood-burning furnace, burning the offerings of Chen Fang, the first eight emperors of the Qing Dynasty.

4. Wood-burning stove

Wood-burning stove is located in the southeast of Waiqiutan, facing north, cylindrical, with blue glazed bricks, and there are nine steps on the east, west and south sides. Firewood stoves are used to burn sacrifices (gods) in the right place during the winter solstice ceremony.

5. Mouqiu altar sacrifice pavilion

Sacrificial pavilions are places where sacrifices are prepared before sacrifices. Because the sacrifice is killed with wood, it is also called the sacrifice pavilion. Zaiting Courtyard is located on the east side of Sanku Courtyard and has a separate wall. Its north wall is the same as Sanku Courtyard and Shenchu Courtyard, but its south wall lags behind other courtyards. The gate system and walls are the same as those in other hospitals. The main building of Zaiting is Zaitang, sitting on the platform, facing south, resting on the top of the mountain, with double eaves and green glazed tiles. There are three halls, with a width of16m and a depth of13.9m.. There are doors on the front eaves of the bay, two sill walls, lattice windows and windows on two hills. The rear cornice wall is connected with the kitchen fire room. The front desk is connected with the platform, and the south side is stamped with vertical belt.

6. There is a table on the ball altar.

There is also a dresser in the south of Wanqiu, which is also the place where the emperor changed clothes before the sacrifice! Different from the service platform on the single bridge, there is no building on the service platform beside the dome, but a brick platform, which is located on the east side of Waiyong Road outside the dome, 0/8m away from Lingxingmen/KLOC-. The platform is 0.7m high and16m square. Every time there is a big round hill festival, the Ministry of Industry will set up a dressing table. The dressing room is a yellow satin house with a west entrance of 2.8 meters wide.

7. Ball altar chef

In Berlin, to the northeast of the mound, the Shenchu Courtyard was a place of sacrifice in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The courtyard is surrounded by walls, made of bricks, decorated with red clay and covered with green tiles. To the south, the courtyard door of the Door God Kitchen is of masonry structure, with green waves curling, resting on the top of the mountain, green glazed tile roof, vermilion gate and retaining ring. There are two steps in front of the door, and there are a kitchen hall, a library and a well pavilion in the courtyard. In front of the kitchen, there is a south road leading to the mound, also called sacrificial road and brick seawall, which runs through Berlin. In ancient times, before the sacrifice, the shed on the road was called the walking shed, which was used to shelter from the wind and snow. Today, the brick floor of South Road is still there, and there are telephone poles on both sides, all round stones with holes on them, slightly exposed from the ground, less than 4 meters away, very neat.

8. Ball altar

Waqiu altar is the place where the winter solstice ceremony is held. It was built in the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1530). The main buildings include the Waqiu, the Imperial Dome and its ancillary buildings, the kitchen, the Sanku and the sacrificial pavilion, and the ancillary buildings include the service desk and lanterns. In the Ming Dynasty, Waqiu was a three-layer blue glazed round altar, which was expanded in the 14th year of Qing Qianlong (1749). The blue glazed table top was changed to a bluestone table top, with mugwort leaves, white marble columns and columns.