First of all, mainly
Beijing was called "Dadu" in Yuan Dynasty. Planned and built by Liu, a scientist in Yuan Dynasty, it was the capital of Yuan Dynasty from Kublai Khan to the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1267) and the twenty-eighth year (1368). Its city site is located in the urban area of Beijing today, north to the ruins of Yuan Dadu Tucheng, south to Chang 'an Street and east to the Second Ring Road. The street layout in Yuan Dynasty laid the basic pattern of Beijing today.
Second, Zhongdu
Beijing was called "Zhongdu" in the Jin Dynasty. King Hailing of Jin Dynasty ascended the throne after Ji Xizong took office. After three years in Tiande (1 15 1), he issued an imperial edict and decided to move the capital to Beijing and Yanjing. King Hailing appointed Zhang Hao, Su Baoheng and others to build the capital, referring to the planning and architectural style of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and expanding outward in three directions on the basis of Nanjing, Liaoning.
The project * * * used 6.5438+0.2 million people, and it took two years to complete in Tiande five years (1 153). On March 26th (165438+April 2nd1053), Zhenyuan officially moved its capital. Yanjing was changed to Zhongdu and named Zhongdu Daxing House.
Third, Shangdu
/kloc-in the spring of 0/256, Kublai Khan ordered people to build a new town in the east of Zhou Huan and north of Luanshui (now Lightning River), which was called Kaiping House as a residence. 1263, Kaiping Prefecture was upgraded to Shangdu _ to replace Helin.
But at this time, the ruling center of Kublai Khan's regime has moved to the Central Plains, and the grassland with its capital behind the mountain is too remote. Therefore, in the first year of Zhiyuan (1264), Yanjing was changed to be the capital city. In nine years, the capital was changed into a metropolis, and it was designated as the capital, while everyone was regarded as the summer capital, forming a pattern of dual capital system.
1358 In December of the lunar calendar, the Red Scarf Army Uprising Army parted ways for the Northern Expedition _ Mr. Zhongluguan _ Broken Head Pan captured the merchants, set fire to the imperial palace, and plundered the imperial seal, ceremonial ceremonies and jewels. Withdraw after seven days. Since then, the capital has gradually declined. By the Ming Dynasty, the capital was completely abandoned.
Extended data
The history of Beijing
Beijing is an ancient capital with a history of more than 3000 years. It has a long history and left many precious cultural heritages to the world. The change of name alone is a microcosm of historical changes. It has different titles in different dynasties, with roughly more than 20 nicknames.
According to historical records, in BC 1 1 century, after the Shang Dynasty, Emperor Yao was named after Ji. In addition, there was Yan State before Zhou Dynasty, followed by Yan State and Ji State, with Ji Cheng as its capital, which is now the predecessor of both capital cities. After Qin destroyed Yan, Jixian County was established, so the address is in Beijing today. Yan Dou is named after being the capital of ancient Yan State.
Among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, there is Yan State, which is said to be named after its proximity to Yanshan Mountain, and its capital is called "Yan Dou". Later, it was often used as another name for Beijing in some ancient books. In 1980s, a publication about Beijing literature and history was published, named Yan Dou.
One is called Beiping, the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368). After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty, in order to record the achievements of pacifying the North, the Yuan Dynasty changed its name to Beiping.
In the first year of Yongle in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty (1403), after Judy (Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty) ascended the throne, she changed the Beiping mansion, which was the fief of the Prince, into Shuntianfu, built Beijing City and moved the capital here. This is the beginning of the official naming of Beijing with a history of more than 600 years.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Shangdu (Yuandadu)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jinzhongdu
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People's Network-Civilized City in My Heart-Beijing