1, teaching goal 1, to understand Tolstoy's life and works, including ideological changes and life pursuit.
2. By reading the text, I realized Tolstoy's profound and unique spiritual world.
3. Master the rhetorical methods of metaphor, exaggeration and parallelism.
2. Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Understanding Tolstoy's profound and outstanding spiritual world
3. Teaching hours: 3 hours.
4. Teaching presupposition
first kind
1, importing
Ask the students to introduce lev tolstoy (How much do you know about Tolstoy? )
Lev tolstoy was a great Russian writer in the19th century. His major works include the novels War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection.
The text also mentions another great Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect and poet. His major works include the relief Madonna by the Stairs, the sculpture David and the mural Adam and Eve.
2. Overall perception
Give students five minutes to read the full text and think:
1) What does the text say? Can be roughly divided into several parts.
This article is lev tolstoy's Portrait (see the color picture above).
It can be roughly divided into two parts: (1-5) depicting Tolstoy's appearance characteristics;
(6-9) Describe Tolstoy's unusual eyes.
2) Are there any questions after reading the whole article?
3. Intensive reading of the text
Read the first part collectively (1-5) and think: What aspects does the author describe Tolstoy's appearance?
(1- Hair to grow
2- Facial contour structure
3- facial features
4- Appearance
5- Attitude of tourists. ) 1)? What does the paragraph 1 mainly say? Please find out the metaphors and exaggerated sentences in the text.
Write the characteristics of lev tolstoy's beard and hair.
General features of facial contour: hairy and bushy beard (repeated description)
Metaphor and exaggeration are both used:
Vegetation is more than empty land-metaphor "hairy face";
Wrinkled like bark-a metaphor for a dark face;
Intertwined-metaphor eyebrows;
Bubble-a metaphor for curly hair;
As dense as a tropical forest-bearded;
Rolling white waves-beard.
Function: colorful descriptions make people have beautiful reverie. (comparison chart)
2)? What is the main content of the second paragraph? What's your impression of Tuo Weng? What are the characteristics of writing?
A lot of comparisons: the whole face looks like a shoddy hut; Forehead is like a tree; The skin is as rough as the outer wall of a hut.
"Impression: maladjusted, rough, mediocre and even vulgar.
3) What is the point of the third paragraph? The author carefully depicts the facial features of a happy face, so is Tuo Weng beautiful? )
Five senses-focus on facial expressions and show Tuo Weng's ugly appearance without hesitation.
4) Paragraph 4 highlights Tolstoy's "plain-looking, a member of the Russian general public". Where did the author write it?
Dress, occupation, social role-intended to show that Tolstoy belongs to the Russian general public.
Key words: He shares the same fate with all the Russian people-to reveal this, that is, to reveal Tolstoy's life pursuit and mental journey.
5) Analysis in the fifth paragraph: Writing Tolstoy's looks disappointed visitors.
Write the great contrast between Tolstoy in your mind and Tolstoy you saw with your own eyes, and describe what aspects of your visit? (Physical characteristics, manners, hospitality)
4. Task:
Where do you think Zweig can best describe Tolstoy's appearance? Why?
If you were asked to describe Tolstoy, faced with his pictures (or illustrations in front of words), how would you describe him?
Second lesson
1, review old lessons
Where do you think Zweig can best describe Tolstoy's appearance? Why?
If you were asked to describe Tolstoy, faced with his pictures (or illustrations in front of words), how would you describe him?
What are the two characteristics described in Tolstoy's first half?
(1) Tolstoy's appearance is mediocre or even ugly; Second, like ordinary people, he can't tell the difference between people. )
Step 2 feel the text
Intensive reading of paragraphs 6-9: (all about Tolstoy's unusual eyes)
1)? Paragraph 6: Write Tolstoy's sharp eyes.
What rhetoric is used? Find out the relevant sentences (magic exaggeration and renju metaphor)
He wrote Tolstoy's profound and accurate insight.
2) Paragraph 7: Tolstoy's eyes contain rich feelings. (The eyes are the windows of the soul, and Tolstoy's rich inner world is fully expressed through the eyes. )
Besides a lot of metaphors and exaggerations, what other rhetoric are used?
(Write Tolstoy's eyes in succession with two sets of parallelism sentences to express various feelings. )
What is the role of quoting Gorky as a conclusion?
Exaggerated, crisp and powerful use is thought-provoking, which well shows Tolstoy's observation, sharpness and richness, and writes Tolstoy's all-round observation that can take a panoramic view of everything. His works reflect all aspects of social life, and there is a comparative note in the article: even the smallest thing can be seen clearly with this lens ... These eyes will not let go of even the smallest details, and it will also reveal the vast universe.
3) Paragraph 8: Write about the power of Tolstoy's eyes. (Key sentence analysis)
Thinking: Are sharpness and strength repetitive?
Why not describe other features of the eyes?
A, "The other parts of Tolstoy's face-beard, eyebrows, hair-are only used to wrap and protect the shells of this pair of shiny jewels." -hold back first.
Protect exquisite jewelry with vulgar appearance, protect exquisite jewelry with vulgar appearance, and protect exquisite jewelry with vulgar appearance. (eyes)
B, "It's magic, it's magnetic to jewelry, it can absorb the substances in the world, and then radiate accurate radio waves to our times ..."
The description of Tolstoy's eyes is no longer limited to portrait description, but implicitly reveals that Tolstoy, as a great realistic artist, gave an accurate, in-depth and comprehensive description of his times and became the spokesman of the times. Because his literary creation not only comes from the observation and study of social life and the world, but also accurately shows it with his artistic giant pen, showing the responsibilities and requirements of the times.
C, "When these cold light daggers turned to aim at their master, it was terrible, because the blade was ruthless and hit the key, hitting him right in the heart."
This sentence shows that Tolstoy, as a "sober realistic writer", criticized reality profoundly and accurately. As the representative of the peak of Russian realism in the19th century, Tolstoy's brush strokes point to almost all aspects of society, especially the autocratic czar, the hypocrisy of law, the decay of nobles and the poverty of peasants, which are deeply exposed. This is especially manifested in his masterpiece Resurrection in his later years. His works caused panic in the czar's government. He tried to imprison or exile him, but he stopped because of his popularity and public opinion.
4) Paragraph 9: Praise Tolstoy's sharp eyes and reveal the misfortunes in his life. (Understand the meaning of "happiness" in combination with Exercise 4 after class)
Introduce the change of Tolstoy's world outlook and his experience in his later years.
"With such sharp eyes, people who can see the truth can control the whole world and its intellectual wealth at will." Such a person can be the master and master of the whole world and its intellectual wealth.
"People who can see the truth clearly" are often suffering, which is what we often call the suffering of the wise. If Tolstoy is both a wise man and a benevolent man, his pain will be doubled. Tolstoy is such a person. He saw through ugliness, hypocrisy and suffering, and also saw the causes of all kinds of evils in the world, and tried his best to change it all his life. But the truth always backfires, and this is pain. In his later years, Tolstoy refused aristocratic life, resolutely gave up his property and even had conflicts with his wife and family. Finally, he resolutely ran away from home and died on the road.
The third category
After-class exercises and homework reviews
Supplement to Tolstoy's biography
Extracurricular Development: Introduction of Tolstoy's representative works Resurrection, War and Peace and Anna karenin.
Lev tolstoy teaching plan II
Teaching objectives 1. Learn to use metaphors, hyperbole and other rhetorical devices to describe portraits and appreciate their functions.
2. Learn how to write if you want to promote it first.
3. Read and feel Tolstoy's profound and rich spiritual world and feel the author's praise and reverence for Tolstoy. Understand Tolstoy's profound and rich spiritual world.
Teaching emphasizes difficulties and perceives Tolstoy's profound and outstanding spiritual world.
teaching process
First, the writer introduced.
Students, the teacher introduces you to a master of literature. This is very necessary for us to understand the text, so students must listen carefully.
Tolstoy, a great literary master, galloped in the Russian literary world for nearly 60 years, and created a large number of first-class works of world literature with a wide range of themes and genres, among which War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection were the most. He is a hereditary aristocrat, but he devoted his life to seeking ways to be close to the people. He reformed the manor many times and devoted himself to seeking a harmonious social order. Especially in his later years, he stood firmly on the side of farmers, strongly opposed private ownership of land, advocated fraternity, and sought ways to solve social contradictions from religion and ethics. After his death, according to his will, his body was buried in a small forest without tombstones and crosses, but Zweig called it "the most beautiful tomb in the world".
Russia has two czars, one is the ruling ruler of Russia and the other is him. The real czar is helpless to him, but he is shaking his rule.
He is a hereditary aristocrat in Russia, but he has been committed to popularization, rebelling personally and declaring war on the aristocratic class.
He is a monument to the people, but a sharp dagger of the ruler.
He is famous and owns a manor, but he is willing to give up everything and spend all his money to be a farmer with nothing.
He has countless literary followers, but he is not allowed to stay in his family. He ran away from home in his later years and died at the station.
He created a large number of literary works in his life, which is world-famous. After his death, he was quiet and simple, and did not even ask for a tombstone.
His last words were not for his wife and children, but for the world. He said, "I love the truth."
At the age of 82, he lived his whole life. What is left to us is a 90-volume collection, which is an artistic masterpiece "War and Peace" and "Anna? Karenina, resurrect.
He is lev tolstoy, a literary giant who has been galloping in the Russian literary world for nearly sixty years and one of the top ten literary giants in the world.
Second, the first reading-first meeting Tuoweng
1, the real Tolstoy has missed it. Today, let's visit the world literary giant through the description of Austrian writer Zweig. This article is a "portrait" created by Austrian writer Zweig for Thun. What does Soren in Zweig's works look like? Please browse the article, sketch out the sentences describing Tuoweng's morphological characteristics, and give the general answer:
Tolstoy seems to be because of him. (original answer)
Teacher: Summing up the students' findings, I found that in Zweig's works, Thoron has distinct appearance characteristics:
He has a thick (ugly) beard-disheveled hair, long hair on his face, thick moustache, long moustache covering his cheeks and lips, his dark face wrinkled like bark, curled into white waves like his father's beard, and locks of gray hair piled up on his forehead like foam. Vegetation is not just an open space.
His face is mediocre (ugly)-:The general impression is maladjusted, rough, mediocre and even vulgar.
The face of a villager in the field looks rough, like a shoddy hut; The skin is filthy, dull and rough, like the outer wall of a hut made of branches; Ugly ears; The forehead is a tree head that is arbitrarily chopped with a knife; Eyebrows are about one finger wide and erect, like tangled roots; Small eyes; The lion's nose is very wide, with two holes facing the sky, as if it had been hit by a fist; There are two thick lips in the middle of the sunken cheek;
His face is plain (ugly): it has no luster at all.
A gloomy face was shrouded in the shadow of depression. It is dull and depressing, with no aura of striving for progress, no spiritual glory and no glory. This face is plain and full of obstacles, like a prison where thoughts are imprisoned; Ignorance, darkness, ugliness and abomination.
He has an ugly temperament: he is plain-looking and a member of the Russian general public.
There is an ordinary Russian face, but there is no unique face of its own, lacking the temperament of a poet, visionary and creator.
He is ugly: short and strong, like a dwarf.
Overall impression: Tuo Weng looks plain, but he has a pair of sharp eyes and can see through the world. Ugly appearance-beautiful eyes
Thinking: As the saying goes, flaws do not cover up Yu. Why does the author spend so much ink to describe Tolstoy's mediocre appearance?
Clear: writing Tolstoy's mediocre appearance is not only a true portrayal of Tolstoy's portrait, but also reveals that he is an ordinary member of the Russian people; Writing about the vulgar and ugly side of his face actually reflects the unparalleled beauty of his eyes. -this way of writing is to suppress first and then promote.
Third, intensive reading-eyes
Why does the author focus on Tuoweng's eyes? What did he read in Thon's eyes?
"The eyes are the windows to the soul." Read the sentence describing Tolstoy's eyes carefully and say, what kind of Tolstoy did you read?
Supplementary materials 1: the greatest novel in the world
"War and Peace" takes the war issue as the main line and the lives of Kulagin, Paulkovsky, Rostov and Beruhov as the clues, showing the Russian history 19 century ago 15 years ago, depicting the lives of all classes and raising many important questions. The central idea of the novel is to show that the people are the decisive force to promote history, and to affirm the justice of the Russian people's resistance to Napoleon's invasion war in 18 12.
Nearly a thousand people, countless scenes, all possible fields of national and private life, history, war, all human tragedies, all kinds of passions, all stages of life, from the crying of babies to the mood of dying old people. Finally, all the joys and pains that people can feel, all the possible thoughts in their hearts, the feeling of stealing coins from their companions, and the most noble heroic impulse and thorough meditation are generated-in this painting. Strakhov's Review of War and Peace has always been called "the greatest novel in the world". )
Supplementary material 2: Yelling at Russian upper class.
Anna karenin interweaves two parallel development clues, Anna's pursuit of love freedom and Levin's exploration of social outlet. Through these two plot clues, the novel not only vividly reflects the changes of Russian society, but also vividly exposes the sharp contradiction of Tolstoy's world view.
Here is all hypocrisy, all lies, all deception, all sin! (Anna karenin's curse on the upper class when she was lying on the rails was actually Tolstoy's heartfelt cry for Russian upper class. )
Supplementary material 3: Tolstoy's melancholy
Tolstoy decided to give up his own interests, family property and royalties and give them all to the poor in order to gain a stable conscience. Tolstoy also spent most of his energy on burning tea, chopping wood, making stoves, writing literacy textbooks for students, and writing Russian books for farmers ... But all this was almost a huge waste to outsiders, and Gorky never thought it necessary for a great writer to "farm, repair stoves, and make boots." But Tolstoy has been doing this for decades. He wears a big farmer's coat, has a fluffy beard, and his sad face is impressive.
1910165438+10 Tolstoy died on the way out. Before he died, he said, "Actually ... I love a lot ... how did they ..." These were his last words.
Supplementary material 4: Tolstoy's love
/kloc-Russia in the 0/9th century was still poor and backward, with a strict hierarchy, and farmers' children had almost no right to education. Tolstoy founded a poor school in his own manor-Jasna Paulia's school. The students he enrolled were all children of local farmers, even four or five girls, which was really unprecedented at that time. Tolstoy's education model is extremely liberal and enlightened, which is quite different from the traditional aristocratic education model at that time. He doesn't restrain students, doesn't punish students, chooses courses completely according to their interests, develops freely, and pays attention to instilling the consciousness of democracy and equality naturally in daily behavior. Some of them recalled many years later: "We went to school in the morning without time limit. There is no traditional homework schedule in the school, and there is no need to ring the bell to distinguish the class time. Every class is very interesting. Everyone can take any course he wants. Some people study geography, some study history, some study writing or painting, and some just want to read books. If you are tired of studying, you can lean back and sleep. We feel very free and often stay at school all day and go home very late. "
There is another story that may better illustrate Tolstoy's love.
Once, Tolstoy was walking in the square of Moscow, and a beggar begged him. Tolstoy was about to pay when a friend next to him told him that the beggar was not worthy of charity because his bad conduct was famous in Moscow. Tolstoy replied: "I didn't give it to him, I gave it to mankind."
From this story, we can see that Tolstoy's love is not sprinkled on a particular class, an unfortunate individual or crowd, or even limited to caring and pity for all things in the universe, but sublimated into a realm, like a soft but sharp sword, facing the human soul directly.
The eyes are the windows to the soul. Tolstoy's eyes are full of wisdom, sharp and sharp, which makes people feel the richness of his spiritual world. He is a great man with noble character and an idol in Zweig's heart.
Fourth, reading-rhetoric.
I'm glad that our understanding of Tolstoy is gradually moving from appearance to heart, which makes us understand that a person's nobility lies not in appearance, but in his soul. When reading the article, we are impressed not only by Tolstoy's personality, but also by Zweig's interesting writing style.
Find the sentence that impresses you the most, and tell the reason why you appreciate it.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Zweig painted a portrait of Tolstoy, a great writer, and revealed Tolstoy's profound and remarkable spiritual world with his incisive and interesting writing.
Learning this text is like talking to two masters. If you taste it carefully, you will naturally appreciate the rich and profound humanistic connotation in the text. Although our understanding of Tolstoy is only the tip of the iceberg, it is a good start. The teacher has a suggestion for us to read the master into the classics:
(Multimedia presentations: Whose Biography, Confession, Resurrection, War and Peace and Anna karenin)
Lev tolstoy's third lesson
Academic goal
1. Learn the detailed portrait description in the text. 2. Experience the profound cultural background involved in the article. Teaching emphases and difficulties
1. Tolstoy's portrait description. 2. Tolstoy's ideological transformation and life pursuit. Assumption of teaching method
Organize students to read aloud in various forms, experience the author's unique and meticulous description of Tolstoy, and experience the author's reverence and praise for him; Through the analysis of characters, we can understand the artistic effect of using the method of restraining first and then promoting.
Teaching material analysis: Theme:
Through a lot of metaphors and exaggerations, the portrait of Tolstoy not only shows his unique appearance characteristics, but also reveals his profound spiritual world through the description of his sharp eyes.
Writing:
1. Write the mediocre and rough side of great men to show the characteristics of the characters. A. Tolstoy's physical characteristics:
(1) beard and hair
② Facial contour and structure ③ Facial features-facial expression.
(4) appearance-a member of the Russian general public (5) the feeling that appearance disappoints tourists.
B. Special description of Tolstoy's eyes:
(1) Sharp eyes
(2) the rich feelings in the eyes (3) the power of the eyes.
2. A large number of metaphors and exaggerated rhetorical devices are used to highlight the distinctive personality of the characters.
See the description of beard and rain hair in the first paragraph of the text for examples. Difficult tip:
The uniqueness of this paper's artistic technique is manifested in two aspects: first, the author writes the mediocre and rough side of the great man in his heart, and second, he uses metaphors and exaggerated rhetoric in a large number. How to understand the author's arrangement of materials like this?
Writing Tolstoy's mediocre appearance is not only a true portrayal of Tolstoy's portrait, but also reveals that he is a member of the Russian people at night. Writing about the vulgar and ugly side of his face actually reflects the unparalleled beauty of his eyes. Tolstoy is such a person.
The unity of contradictions. If we study further, we can think that writing about the contradictory unity of his appearance is actually writing about the contradictory unity of his life pursuit, attitude towards life and his class and identity. His own thoughts are also contradictory and unified. Lenin once said that he was both great and ridiculous (this may not be the author's intention). The center of this article falls on his eyes, and he is keen and profound by writing about his eyes. Write about his outstanding talent as a great writer. Write that he is the mirror and prism of the times.
In this paper, people are used to draw portraits, and the strokes are between square inches, but they are eloquent and have a thousand words. In a short space, the author did not hide, but highlighted the key points and laid out the layout. Sometimes in a certain part, dozens of sentences and hundreds of words are carefully carved, leaving a deep and strong impression on readers. The reason why we can make waves with the foot of water (b m: ihé) is due to the wonderful use of metaphor and exaggeration. Metaphor is not just the pursuit of form, but the pursuit of form; Exaggeration highlights the morphological characteristics of Tuoweng. Therefore, the metaphor and exaggeration in this paper bring us into an infinite imagination space, let us enjoy its taste and try to figure out its meaning. It can be said that the artistic effect of metaphor and exaggeration in this paper is not only vivid and prominent, but also profound and charming.
Teaching time: two hours of teaching process, the first class, preview.
1. Add some words below.
Bearded beard (zi 1), bearded beard (ran2), bearded beard (quan2), black hair (you3), dark hair (zhi4) and dark hair (dun4).
(gu4) the imprisonment of Xuan (xuan 1) Anxi (Xi 1)(ru2) restaurant (si4)
Embarrassed (gan 1ga4) Holmium (zeng4) Bright armor (zhou4) Can 4) Born ang (ang4) Born 2. Explain the following words. Dark color: black; Darkness. Stay: Don't move. Stupid: stupid; Not smart. Instrument: a person's appearance; Demeanor.
Imprisonment: bondage or restriction. Xuanang: Describe high spirits and extraordinary bearing. Sharp: Sharp; Sharp. Dwarf: A person with an unusually short stature. Restaurant: Bar.
Embarrassment: The situation is difficult and difficult to handle. Fiery: Very hot. Rough manufacturing: refers to the poor production of products, not paying attention to quality. Hiding evil people and accepting evil practices: a metaphor for tolerating bad people.
Gloomy: unhappy, unhappy.
Stand out from the crowd: refers to a person's talent or appearance standing out from a group of people. Sit up straight: straighten your clothes and sit up straight. Describe a serious and solemn look. Fear: fear.
Vast expanse: Vast and boundless. In ancient times, things were long and wide, and north and south were long and wide. Nod your head and lower your eyebrows: bow your head and appear humble and obedient. There is no doubt: nothing can be doubted. Pale: Used to indicate gloom by comparison. Second, guide people.
1. lev tolstoy is a master of world literature. He is plain, but he has a pair of sharp eyes that can see the world clearly. Now, let's follow the author, look into Tolstoy's eyes and walk into his deep and rich inner world.
2. Introduction to the author:
Stefan Zweig is an Austrian writer. He is good at writing novels and biographies, as well as poetry, drama, biography, prose and translation. His works include Moonlight Alley, Invisible Treasure, Letter from an Unknown Woman, Chess Story and Waiting. His novels mostly describe people's subconscious activities and fate driven by passion. His works are good at characterization and psychological portrayal, and he prefers some dramatic plots. But he doesn't want to attract readers with twists and turns, but he is alive.