(2) Weighing weight: The density of silver is slightly higher than that of ordinary metals. Generally speaking, "aluminum is light, silver is heavy, and copper is not light or heavy." So we can preliminarily judge whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals.
(3) Hardness inspection: The hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin, so use a pin to slightly scratch the surface of the object for detection. If the needle slips and it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, it can be judged as a copper ornament; If it is lead-tin texture, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silver jewelry. Pure white silver jewelry, pulled by hand, will be deformed when folded.
(4) Listening and rhyming: If the jewelry is high-quality silver, it has no rhyme and elasticity when hitting the floor, and the sound is "bam bam". The lower the color, the lower the sound, and the higher the rhymed sharp sound; If it is made of copper, its sound is higher and sharper, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic.
(5) Look at the color of stubble: cut out the silver ornaments and look at the color of stubble. If the stubble is white and cotton-like, the surface of jewelry is smooth and delicate, and the surface color is dark and bright after oxidation, it can be concluded that its color is about 98; If the stubble is thick, soft and reddish, the color is about 95; The stubble is white gray, slightly red, and the color is about 90; It is difficult to bend by hand, and the stubble is reddish or light gray, and its color is about 80; Silver with a fineness of about 70% has a white dry surface and red and yellow stubble, which is not easy to bend; If the stubble is red, black and yellow, its color is below 60.
(6) Characteristics of forged silver: Forged silver is generally made of copper, brass, white copper, lead, tin, aluminum, etc. Its characteristics are: red copper: purple appearance, black stubble and green embroidery. Brass: yellow in appearance, stubble green and embroidered green. White copper: appearance gray, stubble brick gray, green embroidery. Lead: grayish blue, soft, with nail marks. Tin: silvery white, soft, and can be scraped with nails. Aluminum: white gray, soft and light.
Question 2: How to tell the authenticity of silver 1? Look at the color: the higher the purity, the whiter the silver, and the surface of the jewelry looks even and shiny. If it contains lead, the jewelry will appear bluish gray; If it contains copper, the surface of jewelry will be rough and the color will not be moist.
Second, weight: the density of silver is slightly higher than that of ordinary metals. Generally speaking, "aluminum is light, silver is heavy, and copper is not light or heavy." Therefore, it can be preliminarily judged whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals. Hardness inspection: the hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin. It can be detected by marking the jewelry in an inconspicuous place with a pin. If the needle slips, it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, which can be judged as copper jewelry; If it is made of lead and tin, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silverware or jewelry.
Third, listen to the rhyme: hitting the floor, sterling silver ornaments, no elasticity, the voice is "boo boo boo". The lower the color, the lower the sound, and the sharper and higher the rhyming sound; If it is made of copper, its sound is high and sharp, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic.
It is not an ideal method to test only by the physical properties and experience of silver. Only by destroying the silver ornaments can the authenticity of the silver ornaments be tested by chemical methods. However, this is beyond the power of consumers. When buying silver jewelry, consumers should not only master some basic inspection knowledge, but also pay attention to whether silver jewelry has relevant certificates, certificates and certificates. Only silver jewelry that has been tested by testing institutions can be purchased with confidence.
In addition, the silver content of silver jewelry must be accurately marked, and consumers should check whether there is the word "S925" on the jewelry when buying. "S" is the first letter of the English word silver, and "925" is the symbol of pure silver. As long as there is "S925", you can ensure that you buy genuine sterling silver jewelry. Pay special attention to whether the fasteners can be fastened securely when purchasing. When buying a silver chain, lay it flat and see if the links are kinked or bent. The price of silver jewelry is determined according to the content of precious metals, structural design and technology, so the most important criterion for choosing silver jewelry is whether you like it or not.
Question 3: How to distinguish the authenticity of various silver ornaments? According to national regulations, the silver content of silver jewelry must be accurately marked. When consumers buy jewelry, they should check whether there are purity marks S925 and Ag925 (fashionable ones are more common), or S990 and Ag990 (traditional bracelet child lock). If it is not marked, it can basically be concluded that it is ordinary metal. Silver ornaments are mostly yellowish silvery white, which has a touch-up. At present, the price of silver is around one gram of 5 yuan, without adding the purchase cost, process cost and so on. If the price is ridiculously low, it must be impure or fake. The density of silver is slightly higher than that of ordinary metal, which is 10.53g/cm3. It can be preliminarily judged whether it is silver by weighing. The hardness of silver is low, and the silver ornaments are easily bent and broken by hand, indicating that the color is high. Or use a pin to draw in an inconspicuous place, such as the needle slipping, it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, and it can be judged as a copper ornament; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be roughly judged as silver jewelry. This method has been widely used since ancient times. It is often seen in costume movies that people who love money like life bite their teeth when they receive silver dollars. Actually, they are testing the hardness. Silver will change color or even dissolve when it meets any acid. If a drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropped on the inside of silver jewelry, white moss-like silver chloride precipitate will be formed immediately. Other precious metals do not have this phenomenon. The standard silver jewelry sounds dull and inelastic after landing. If it is made of copper, its sound is high and sharp, and its rhyme is short and short; It is no problem to distinguish the authenticity of silver ornaments by using the above methods comprehensively. If the counterfeiter can achieve perfection, then his cost is much higher than the real sterling silver, and there will be no profit. If consumers want to know the exact content of silver jewelry, they can only go to the jewelry or precious metal testing center for testing, and the cost ranges from 30 to 100. In addition, they should pay special attention to whether the fasteners can be fastened and fastened when purchasing. When buying a silver chain, lay it flat and see if the links are kinked or bent. Silver jewelry is generally divided into electroplating and electroless plating: electroplating: that is, the inner layer is pure silver, and the surface is electroplated, mostly platinum plating; Electroplating makes its surface brighter than pure silver, with good reflective effect and is not easy to be oxidized. This process is often used in fashion products. Electroless plating: Although it retains the natural and simple luster of pure silver, it is easy to turn black or yellow due to vulcanization (sulfur dioxide in the air reacts with silver to form a layer of silver sulfide on the silver ornaments, which is the same as the apple will slowly turn black after being cut). It needs to be maintained with silver cloth to restore luster.
Question 4: How to quickly identify the authenticity and color of silver 1
Platinum is silvery white or grayish white, which is between the colors of silver and nickel. Silver has a white luster and is easily oxidized with black spots or black; Fine and smooth texture; Hardness is lower than platinum.
2. Specific gravity
The proportion of platinum is significant, ranging from 15 to 19 or 2 1.4. The ratio of silver is 10.49. When you weigh platinum and silver ornaments of the same size by hand, you will find their differences.
3. Fire
The color of pure platinum remains unchanged after being heated or cooled by fire. After silver burns, its surface will appear moist red or black-red tone.
Step 4 bend
Pure platinum is easy to bend and recover; Low color, hard and brittle, not easy to bend.
Step 5 listen
When you knock, if you make a blank sound of "Toto", it is relatively pure platinum; If it makes a harsh sound and rhyme, it is low-color platinum.
6. Mercury wiping test
Using the property that platinum does not absorb silver, mercury is coated on the touchstone grinding road. If it is silver-absorbing, it is K platinum made of gold, silver and platinum.
7, nitrate test
Grinding the platinum ornaments to be identified on the touchstone, and covering the ground track with a layer of salt, which does not need to be tightly covered; Then, drop nitric acid on the salt until it is soaked; Add some hot paper ash to the salt to play a catalytic role. After 20 minutes, wash the salt and nitric acid with clear water. After work, look over here. If there is no change, its color is about 99%; If there is trace acid, its color is about 95%; If the trace amount of nitric acid is large, its color is about 80 ~ 90%; If a layer of grinding road is corroded, the trace becomes gray, and its color is about 70%; If all traces disappear, it is fake platinum.
8. Identification of spontaneous combustion of gas lamps
Put the platinum ornaments to be identified on the gas stove. If it is real platinum, after a minute or two, the ornaments will turn red and the gas lamp will ignite automatically. If the jewelry is not platinum, there is no such reaction.
9, hydrogen peroxide reaction method
Platinum is a good catalyst with unique catalytic effect. Using this characteristic, platinum can be quickly identified. Hydrogen peroxide reaction method is commonly used. The specific method is as follows: Take a little powder of the test object and put it into a plastic bottle filled with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). If it is platinum, hydrogen peroxide will immediately roll and bubble, decomposing a lot of oxygen. After the reaction, platinum is still intact and can be recycled (only accelerating the decomposition); If it is fake platinum or other white metals, such as lead, silver and aluminum, there is no such reaction.
Question 5: How to distinguish gold from silver requires some experience. Here are just some identification methods.
(1) Look at the color: The higher the purity of gold jewelry, the darker the color. In the absence of a gold medal, the general fineness can be determined according to the following colors (based on cyan gold). The so-called green gold is just silver in gold); The fineness of deep red yellow is above 95%, light red yellow is 90-95%, light yellow is 80-85%, blue yellow is 65-70%, blue white is only 50-60%, and yellow white is less than 50%. The so-called seven greens, eight yellows and nine reds can be used for reference. (2) Balance weight: The specific gravity of gold is 19.32, which is heavier than silver, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and other metals. Because the volume of gold is more than 40% heavier than that of silver, 1.2 times heavier than that of copper and 6. 1 times heavier than that of aluminum. Gold jewelry should feel heavy in your hand, while fake gold jewelry feels light and floating. This method is not suitable for gold ornaments with precious stones.
(3) Look at hardness: Pure gold is soft and low in hardness, and shallow marks can be drawn with nails, and tooth marks can be left after biting. Gold ornaments with high color are softer than those with low color, and the more copper they contain, the harder they are. Bending method can also be used to test hardness. Pure gold is soft and easy to bend, and the lower the purity, the more difficult it is to bend.
(4) Listen to the sound: When real gold with a purity of over 99% is thrown on the hard ground, it will beep, without rhythm and elasticity. Fake or low-quality gold sounds crisp and dull, generally making a "Dangdang" sound, with a lingering sound, and violently beating after landing.
(5) Burning with fire: Burn the jewelry to be identified with fire (do not melt and deform the jewelry), and observe the color change after cooling. If the surface is still golden, it is pure gold; If the color darkens or turns black to varying degrees, it is not pure gold. Generally, the lower the fineness, the thicker the color, and all of them turn black, indicating that they are fake gold ornaments.
(6) Look at the mark: domestic gold ornaments are purified and prepared according to international standards, and marked with marks, such as "24K" for "full red" or "pure gold"; 18K gold, marked with the words "18K". If the color is lower than Locke, the K-gold seal number cannot be printed according to regulations. Nowadays, criminals in the society often make fake brands and imitate stamps, and use rare gold, inferior gold and even brass as real gold. Therefore, the identification of gold ornaments should be based on the comprehensive judgment of samples to determine the authenticity and color.
Platinum and platinum
In fact, simply speaking, platinum is an element and platinum is a mixture. Platinum: Platinum is chemically more stable than gold and its price is higher than that of Huang Jingui. Used to make high-end jewelry. The "pt900" or "pt950" seen on jewelry products represent that the platinum content in jewelry is 90% and 95% respectively. The purity of pure platinum jewelry is generally 95%, while the purity of 18k gold is only 75%. No metal can be completely pure, and there are impurities mixed with other metals. Platinum has almost no impurities, and its purity is extremely high. It will not fade and change color, and it can still maintain its luster over time. The pure white luster of platinum can well reflect the true light of diamonds. Rare platinum is 35 times as rare as gold. In the world, it can only be mined in a few places, mainly South Africa and Russia, as well as a few areas in Zimbabwe, Canada and South America. Only 88 tons of platinum is made into ornaments every year, while 2700 tons of gold. The quantity of platinum ore is less, and the ratio of platinum ore to gold ore is 1 to 10. The density and weight of Eternal Platinum make it more durable than other jewelry metals. All precious metals leave scratches, including platinum. However, the scratches on platinum only move the metal and will not reduce its volume, while the scratches on gold will bring wear and reduce the volume of gold. If visible scratches appear on platinum, qualified jewelers can polish it again. Platinum: A mixture containing gold (au) and a small amount of other metals. The highest purity of platinum visible in the market is 75%. It is made of 75% gold and 25% silver, nickel, copper and other metals, that is, white gold. Marked as 18k platinum, 750 platinum, 750g, etc. How to distinguish platinum from platinum depends mainly on the imprint on jewelry, in which the ring will be marked on the inner ring and the necklace will be marked on the buckle. Platinum jewelry containing more than 990‰ platinum is generally marked with "sufficient platinum". The symbol "p950" indicates platinum with a purity of 950‰. Platinum should be marked kk number. K refers to the gold content. For example, those marked with 18k white, 750g, 750k gold and au750 are all platinum with a gold content of 18k. The purity of platinum jewelry need not be "... >>"
Question 6: How to identify the authenticity of silver? Although 30 minutes of silver ornaments are not expensive, they are also true and false. Distinguishing the authenticity and fineness of silver ornaments can be tested by the physical and chemical properties of silver. Commonly used inspection methods are:
Counterweight: The specific gravity of silver is 10.49, which is slightly higher than that of ordinary metal. Generally speaking, "aluminum is lighter, silver is heavier, and copper is in the middle." So we can preliminarily judge whether it is silver by weighing. If the jewelry is large and light, it can be preliminarily judged that the jewelry belongs to other metals.
Look at the color: the higher the purity, the whiter the silver, the delicate color, the even luster and the touch-up. If it contains lead, the color of the flower is blue-gray; If it contains copper, the color will be rough and rotten, and it will feel dry. Although silver oxide has "black rust" on its surface, its color is black and bright. Lead, tin and copper are dull and dull in color.
Listening to rhyme: throw the silver ornaments on the table, the silver ornaments with high fineness will not bounce high, and the sound without rhyme will be stable; Jump higher, the voice is sharp, and it is fake or poor quality silver jewelry thrown on the table. The lower the color, the sharper the timbre and the higher the rhyme; If it is made of copper, its sound is high and sharp, and its rhyme is short and short; If it is made of lead and tin, the sound of falling to the ground is dull, short and inelastic.
High temperature reaction: the surface of silver is black and red after combustion.
Bending and hardness: the hardness of silver is lower than that of copper, but higher than that of lead and tin, so it is tested by slightly scratching the surface of the object with a pin. If the needle slips and it is difficult to leave traces on the surface, it can be judged as copper products; If it is lead-tin texture, the trace is obvious; If the object has traces but is not obvious, it can be preliminarily judged as silver jewelry. Pure white silver jewelry, pulled by hand, will be deformed when folded. Silver jewelry is easy to bend and break by hand, and its color is high; Stiff, barely folded colors are lower; Silver jewelry will crack after a few bends; Can't stand a light discount, and it's the fake households that are easy to break down.
Identification of hydrogen sulfide: Silver ornaments and silver handicrafts often change color after a long time. One important factor is the great affinity between silver and sulfur. When silver meets hydrogen sulfide gas or sulfur ions in air, the following chemical reactions will occur: 4Ag+2H2S+O2=2Ag2S (black product) +2H2O, and an extremely insoluble silver salt silver sulfide (Ag2S) will be generated. Because silver sulfide is gray-black, with the intensification of the reaction, the surface color of silver will gradually change from white to yellow, then to gray and finally to black. Hydrogen sulfide is a natural product. Human and animal feces are decomposed by bacteria to produce a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, and protein in plants is also decomposed to produce hydrogen sulfide.
Identification of nitric acid: drop nitric acid on the file mouth of silver jewelry with a glass rod, which is brown rice color, slightly green and high in color; Dark green and black are light colors.
Look at the fracture to determine the color: cut off the silver ornaments and look at the stubble color. If the stubble is white and cotton-like, the surface of jewelry is smooth and delicate, and the surface color is dark and bright after oxidation, it can be concluded that its fineness is about 98%; If the stubble is soft and reddish, the color is about 95%; The stubble is white and gray, and the color is slightly reddish, accounting for about 90%. It is difficult to bend by hand, and the stubble is reddish or light gray, and its color is about 80%; Silver with a fineness of about 70% has a white dry surface and red and yellow stubble, which is not easy to bend; If the stubble is red, black and yellow, its color is below 60%.
Characteristics of forged silver: Forged silver is generally made of copper, brass, white copper, lead, tin and aluminum. Its characteristics are: copper: purple in appearance, black in stubble and green in embroidery. Brass: yellow in appearance, stubble green and embroidered green. White copper: appearance gray, stubble brick gray, green embroidery. Lead: grayish blue, soft, with nail marks. Tin: silvery white, soft, and can be scraped with nails. Aluminum: white gray, soft and light.
Question 7: How to identify pure silver and the authenticity of silver? The identification of pure silver mainly depends on the density of silver. The density of pure silver is 10.5, and the content of silver is generally detected by the gold and silver products appraisal center. Silver medals and silver medals can also be nondestructive tested by spectral analyzer.
Question 8: How to tell the authenticity of silver? 1) stamp. Silver ornaments are generally stamped with the English abbreviation of silver ("S" or "Sterling"). The mark of standard silver is S925. The imprint of foot silver is S990. But there are also many countries that don't print paper money on silver ornaments.
2) color. Silver ornaments are mostly yellowish silvery white with a soft metallic luster. Due to easy oxidation, the color will turn dark yellow and white after a long time.
3) Weighing. The density of silver is10.53g/cm3. Smaller than platinum and gold, it won't fall off by hand. Steel needles can be marked or bent. In this way, it can be distinguished from platinum jewelry, K gold jewelry or imitation silver jewelry.
4) Acidity test. Silver will change color or even dissolve when it meets any acid. If a drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropped on the inside of silver jewelry, white moss-like silver chloride precipitate will be formed immediately. Other precious metals do not have this phenomenon.
5) Phonology. Standard silver jewelry has a dull sound after landing, and does not rebound or roll.
In addition, if it is really real silver, you can also identify its quality in the following ways.
1, color discrimination method: with eyes, it is white, shiny, fine in workmanship, and the jewelry is printed with the store number, which is a high-quality silver jewelry; Most silver ornaments with poor color and dull color are of poor quality.
2, bending method: gently fold the silver jewelry by hand, easy to bend and not easy to break, high color; Stiff, barely folded colors are lower; Silver-plated jewelry will crack if it is bent or knocked a few times with a hammer; Those that can't stand a light discount and are easy to break are fakes.
Question 9: How to distinguish real silver from fake silver? The color of pure silver is white, and the lower the content, the darker the color.
The silver is soft and the content is hard.
The current market price of silver will not be lower than that of 8 yuan per gram. Cheap goods are not good, and good goods are not cheap.
Silver, spirituality, alloy, copper, no silver feeling.
Silver, thrown on the ground, sounds dull and crisp, and naturally sounds like copper coins and silver.
Silver, it is best to do identification, the cost is about 2000, and it is not cost-effective to buy a silver jewelry. Independent thinking