First, the origin of the word jade
In Shuowen, jade looks like a "king" (@ ② is a "king"), which is interpreted as "like three jade, connected." Is the Jade in the Oracle Inscriptions of Yin Ruins "Feng" ("B" 244) or "B"?
Attached drawings (drawings)
("B" 2327), in order to find out whether "Feng" is really as explained in Shuowen, it is necessary for us to look at another word first: "Li". The word "Li" was originally written as "@ ③", which is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Today, it is often written as "f ē ng @ ④". From Jue, from @ ⑤ (that is, from the drum), this word is a knowing word, indicating that the ancients sacrificed jade to the gods in the sound of drum music. In Interpretation of the Book of Rites, Wang Guowei said: "In the case, Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins has the word f ē ng @ ④, and the text says' I failed to make a fortune @ ⑥ f ē ng @ ④ (page 8 of Yin Deficiency Syndrome), and the ancient words" @ ⑦ "and" Jue "are the same, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions" @ ⑧
Attached drawings (drawings)
@ pet-name ruby, "three-body, then Fē ng @ ④ means Fē ng @ ④. Have "
Attached drawings (drawings)
"This word ... all these words are like two jade-shaped devices. The ancients saluted with jade, and jade served as the instrument of God, which was called @ ⑩, if f ē ng @ ④. Yu Wen's department in Shuowen also said that "Jue, two jade are combined into Jue", so "Wang" does not seem to be "three jade connected", but refers to "one jade", which is the name of a specific object. There are many records of "three jade and five jade" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, such as:
"Geng Wu Zhen ... Yu Yu ... in" Zu Zong Yi Bu "("Essence "Volume 12)
Gui You Town Wu Di Bath ... Its Prison (26th,15th).
... whose tripod uses three jade dogs and sheep (Yi 783)
These records can prove that "Wang" should be a concrete object. Jade characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions are hieroglyphics, and their shapes must be based on objective jade articles. Among all kinds of jade unearthed in Oracle Bone Inscriptions at the same time, only the shape of the jade handle unearthed from Erlitou cultural relic in Yanshi is similar to that of the jade symbol, and the shape of the jade handle as a ritual vessel also conforms to the "ancient people set upright with jade". As a hieroglyph, the jade character in Oracle Bone Inscriptions can be traced back to its source, and it is probably a jade handle-shaped device originated from Erlitou culture. It is a hieroglyph with several jade sticks engraved on it, and the "↓" is the tassel at the top of the jade stick. From this point of view, the "three jade, five jade" in the sacrificial ceremony refers to three or five jade-handle vessels, that is to say, the original text of the jade character is the proper name of the jade-handle vessel. It was only in Zhou Jin's text that it was discovered that the jade character was gradually crowned above the names of other jade vessels and became the proper name of this mineral.
Modern Chinese Dictionary defines jade as "mineral, jadeite and nephrite." According to the modern geological theory in the field of geology and jewelry, jade is divided into jadeite and nephrite, jadeite refers to jadeite, nephrite refers to jade with tremolite as the main mineral component, and mainly refers to Xinjiang jade in China; At the same time, jadeite and nephrite are collectively called real jade in geological circles, and jade that does not belong to these two categories is called fake jade. The traditional concept of jade in China covers a wide range, such as "Jade is the beauty of stone" in Shuowen and "Beautiful stone with moist luster" in Cihai Jade Department, including not only Xinjiang jade, xiuyan jade, Nanyang jade and lantian jade, but also agate, turquoise, jadeite, crystal, glass and amber. Shuowen contains 227 words of jade, involving jade ritual vessels, jade ornaments, nicknames of jade, jade sound, jade luster, jade color and jade carving, including "people, @ (1 1), @ (12) and jun".