Jewelry business scope
Jewelry generally includes: natural jewelry and jade (natural gemstones, natural jade and natural organic gemstones), artificial products (artificial gem, recycled gemstones, divided gemstones and synthetic gemstones) and precious metals for jewelry: gold, silver, platinum and palladium.
Evaluation method of jewelry management
1. color: various colors on the surface of jewelry and jade.
2. Optical characteristics: refers to various phenomena caused by materials acting on the direction and propagation direction of incident light. Including the uniformity, inhomogeneity, anisotropic body axis and positive and negative optical properties of materials.
3. Refractive index and birefringence: The ratio of the propagation speed of light in air (or vacuum) to that in jewelry and jade materials is the refractive index, also called refractive index. The biggest difference between two or three principal refractive indexes in an anisotropic body is birefringence, also called refractive index (or refractive index). The refractive index of air is N= 1 (the refractive index is represented by n).
4. Absorption spectrum: refers to the spectrum generated by selective absorption when continuous spectrum light irradiates jewelry and jade materials.
5. Transparency: refers to the light transmittance of jewelry and jade materials, which can be: transparent, sub-transparent, translucent, slightly transparent and opaque in turn.
6. Gloss: the ability and characteristics of the material surface to reflect light. According to the strength of luster, it can be divided into metallic luster, semi-metallic luster, diamond luster and glass luster. The special luster caused by aggregate or surface features includes grease luster, pearl luster, silk luster and so on.
7. Quality measurement unit: According to the types of jewelry and jade, the following measurement units are generally adopted, namely carat, gram, kilogram, etc. For example, the unit of measurement for diamonds is carats (or minutes), 1g (g) =5 carats (CT), 1g (CI) = 0.2g (g) = 200MG (mg). The smaller unit is minutes, 1 carat (CT)= 100 minutes. Pearls are measured by pearls (the diameter of round pearls is larger) and pearls (1 carat =4 pearls). Another example is high-grade hetian jade, the finished product is in grams and the raw material is in kilograms.
8. Density: Density refers to the mass of matter per unit volume. The unit is grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
9. Hardness: Hardness refers to the ability of jewelry and jade to resist external mechanical effects such as scoring, extrusion or grinding. The hardness is usually expressed by Mohs hardness, and the relative hardness of minerals can be divided into 10 grades: 1 talc, 2 gypsum, 3 calcite, 4 fluorite, 5 apatite, 6 orthoclase, 7 quartz, 8 topaz, 9 corundum, and 10 diamond. Hardness test is generally not used as a routine appraisal item because it has slight damage to the tested object.
10. Internal and external features: External features refer to the external features of natural jewelry and jade, the former refers to the special phenomena related to crystal structure, and the latter refers to the phenomena left in the process of cutting, grinding and polishing. Intrinsic characteristics refer to the characteristics related to the growth environment and crystal structure preserved during the growth of jewelry and jade. Intrinsic characteristics are very important, which is an important basis for distinguishing natural and artificial products.
Management and maintenance methods of jewelry
Buying jewelry is a relaxed and pleasant thing, and how to use and maintain it after buying it is also a very important thing. In fact, there are many details that must be paid attention to in the maintenance and cleaning of jewelry, such as: don't touch jewelry with your hands often; Don't let perfume spray on the surface of jewelry when making up; Pearls should be soaked in water frequently to replenish water; Ultrasonic cleaning machine should not be used frequently, and it is necessary to check whether the drill is loose regularly. These are things that ordinary people do not pay attention to, but inadvertently do harm to jewelry. Here are a few things that should be paid attention to when wearing jewelry correctly and maintenance methods for your reference, so as to avoid unintentional injury to jewelry.
First, don't use toothpaste to clean jewelry.
There is a saying in the jewelry circle that when you brush jewelry with a toothbrush dipped in toothpaste, the jewelry you can use looks as bright as new. It is necessary to clean jewelry, but Yahao is not ideal, because toothpaste contains fine abrasive particles with high hardness, which are very fine but the hardness is as high as six or seven degrees (similar to that of crystal), so cleaning jewelry with toothpaste will damage the surface of gems with hardness lower than that of crystal, especially pearls, gold and K gold; Pearls are absolutely avoided, and the most correct washing solution should be diluted neutral surfactant (such as salad dressing and baby shampoo).
Second, don't touch it often.
Jewelry can be kept clean when worn. It seems simple, but it is not easy. Many people can't help touching the beautiful and charming surface of a gem, which will actually affect the luster and brightness of the gem.
From time to time, the human body excretes sweat and oil on the skin surface, and the hand is the most accessible part of the body, so the oil on the skin often pollutes the surface of the hand. When you touch a gem with your hand, the grease on your hand is easy to stay on the gem, which affects the luster and brightness of the gem. In particular, diamonds are lipophilic gems, and their surfaces are easily contaminated with grease, which greatly affects their luster. Jade and white jade belong to aggregate structure, and frequent touching can make jade more moist and lovely.
Third, tap water destroys the luster of pearls.
Some people want to clean and maintain pearls after wearing them several times, but they don't know that cleaning with tap water for a short time has little effect on jewelry, but if it is used to soak pearls, it is absolutely impossible. Because there is a fixed content of chlorine (CL) in tap water, it will destroy the luster of the pearl surface. In fact, mineral water is the best way to soak and wash pearls.
In addition, after wearing pearls, they should be cleaned and maintained before being sent to the safe deposit box in the bank, so as to avoid discoloration of pearls due to dirt accumulation for too long in the future. Moreover, the storage conditions of cash and documents in the bank safe deposit box are not suitable for tidal gems such as pearls and protein, so they must be taken out every once in a while, soaked in water for maintenance and supplemented with humidity.
Fourth, timely removal is maintenance.
The correct wearing of jewelry depends on people, things, times, places and things, but it may not be possible for busy modern people. But at least it is best to take it off when washing your hands, because some soaps contain different degrees of alkaline substances, which may cause a kind of damage to fragile gems over time, and the soap in soaps is also easy to get stuck in the gap of the ring, thus greatly affecting the luster and brightness of gems. Moreover, take a bath, do housework, swim, etc. It is also easy to cause gemstone collision and injury.
Five, careful use of ultrasonic cleaning machine.
Ultrasonic cleaning machine does have a good cleaning effect on jewelry with K-gold gem and jewelry with K-gold cleaning function, especially for cleaning oil dirt and dust that can't be brushed off by the brush in the fine seam of gem. However, ultrasonic cleaning machine is not suitable for all gems, such as emeralds, pearls and other gems with special structures. Ultrasonic cleaning will destroy their structures and should be absolutely avoided. In addition, although the cleaning effect of ultrasonic cleaning machine is good, it is easy to use, so don't use it often. If it is used too frequently, it is easy to make the bit loose or even fall off because of repeated impact.
Sixth, pay attention to acid and alkali substances.
Some substances we come into contact with in our daily life or food contain different concentrations of acid or alkali, which may damage precious stones, especially pearls; Or other organic gems. The use of cosmetics in daily life should try to avoid being polluted by jewelry.
Wear makeup and perfume before wearing jewelry on weekdays to avoid high-concentration cosmetics or perfume directly contacting the surface of jewelry. If you need to replenish perfume, you should also avoid spraying perfume directly on the surface of jewelry.
Seven, pay attention to the jewelry wearing order.
When wearing jewelry with sharp points, you should avoid snagging clothes and wallets. If clothes are caught, the main stone will not fall off immediately. Generally speaking, the order of wearing jewelry is to put on clothes before wearing jewelry. Imagine putting the single diamond ring finger of prong setting on your hand, and then dressing and wearing stockings. Is it dangerous for clothes, stockings and gems?
There are many ways of setting jewelry. The safest way to insert jewelry without hooking clothes is to wrap it around your waist, so that light can't get in. And because the K-gold part is used more, the visual effect is not as beautiful and charming as the pointed inlay. Therefore, pointed inlay is still the most popular in the jewelry market, but pay attention to the order of wearing.
Eight, the magical use of small jewelry bags
You may have heard of someone who took off his jewelry and put it on the sink, accidentally fell to the ground and got injured, or slipped into the sewer; Or forget about the sink and other events, in fact, this is nothing new, but such a crisis can be avoided.
When you buy jewelry, the jewelry store will give you a small jewelry box and put the jewelry in it to make it look beautiful. Unfortunately, many people take out jewelry boxes and put them in drawers at home instead of using them. In fact, this small jewelry box has its own magical function. It's small and doesn't take up space, so it can be carried around. You can take off your ring and put it in a pearl box when you go out to wash your hands. If you develop this habit, you can greatly reduce the chance of losing jewelry rings. So don't bother, take a small ring box with you.
Nine, regularly check the jewelry carefully.
Busy modern consumers often take off their jewelry after going home, put it in a jewelry box and take it out to wear next time they want to use it. Jewelry is reused in this way, and maybe you seldom take the time to check it. Spending more time taking care of your jewelry can greatly reduce the crisis, such as whether the diamonds in jewelry are stable or not. Is the pearl necklace fastened securely? Will the elasticity of the middle clip of clip-on earrings decrease? Or is the screw in poor contact?