First, the general principles of fire escape
First of all, we should observe the fire and environment calmly, quickly analyze and judge the fire trend and the possibility of disaster development, and make rational and decisive decisions. Never stay on the property in the fire for a long time, seize the favorable opportunity, choose reasonable escape routes and methods, and race against time to escape from the very dangerous fire scene.
In a fire, trapped people should have good psychological quality, keep calm, don't panic, don't act blindly, and choose the correct escape method. It must be noted that the temperature at the scene of the fire is amazing, and the smoke will block your view. When you are at the scene of a fire, the visibility is very low. Even in the room where you live for a long time, you can't figure out the location of the windows and doors. In this case, we should keep calm, don't panic, make use of all available favorable conditions and choose the correct fire escape method.
Touch the door lock with your hand before opening the door. If the temperature of the door lock is very high, or there is smoke coming through the door, it means that fire or smoke has blocked the exit of the door. Don't open the door rashly at this time. If the temperature of the door lock is normal or there is no smoke coming out of the door, it means that the fire is still some distance away from you. At this time, you can open a door and observe the situation of the outside passage. When opening the door, put one foot against the lower frame of the door to prevent the heat wave from rushing the door open and encouraging the fire to spread. If you are sure that the fire does not pose a threat to yourself, you should leave the room and escape from the fire as soon as possible.
The cry for help from the higher floors is inaudible to people on the ground, because the fire is very strong. In this case, you should use mobile phones, telephones and other communication tools to call for help; You can also send distress signals from balconies or windows facing the street, such as throwing sofa cushions, pillows and clothes downstairs. At night, you can send distress signals by turning on flashlights and emergency lights to help rescuers find accurate targets.
If clothes catch fire when passing through a fire area, you can roll on the spot to put out the fire. It is not advisable to run with the fire, so as not to speed up the relative flow of air and increase the fire of clothes burning. If the fire is located on the upper floor of your location, you should flee downstairs at this time until you reach a safe place; If the fire point is located on the lower floor where you are, and the fire and smoke have blocked the downward escape passage, you should escape upstairs as soon as possible, and the roof platform is a safer place; When you find yourself being chased by fire and smoke and blocking the upward road, you should resolutely choose the horizontal escape route, escape from the corridor on another floor, or retreat to the room that is conducive to escape on this floor, and seek other self-help escape methods.
Second, don't take the ordinary elevator, take the fire escape.
When there is a fire in a high-rise building, you should try to use the facilities in the building to escape, such as taking the fire elevator, or escaping through indoor smoke-proof stairs and ordinary stairs; But never take the ordinary elevator, because once the power is cut off, it is too difficult for firefighters to pry open the elevator door from the fire to save people.
Third, choose the right escape direction.
Generally, it takes only 6 minutes for a building to catch fire, and the fire will reach the stage of violent burning. Rushing down, running up, sticking to the bathroom and breaking the window are all escape methods. "But fire may only give you a choice. At this time, the correct decision determines the success or failure of escape. "
When there is a fire on this floor, you should still evacuate to the nearest emergency exit. If the fire is upstairs, you should run downstairs. If the fire point is located in the lower floor, and the fire and smoke have blocked the downward escape passage, you should escape to the roof platform as soon as possible; If you find that the passage caught up or up by fire and smoke is blocked when you escape to the roof platform, you should change the escape route decisively and escape from the safe passage on another floor.
If the fire and smoke have surrounded the corridor and outdoor, we should give up the idea of rushing out by luck. "Ordinary people 10 to 15 seconds can run about 25 meters!" You can escape to the downstairs with this tone when you live on multiple floors, but if you are on the top floor, most people will fall by half. So at this time, it is better to find a room indoors, seal the doors and windows to prevent smoke from entering, and then wait for the arrival of firefighters. Among them, the toilet is an ideal refuge point, with water, which can extinguish fire and cool down. When the fire expands, we should make full use of all kinds of things around us that are conducive to escape, such as tying sheets, curtains, carpets, etc. Turn into a rope to save yourself.
Many people were killed by poisonous gas in the fire. Cover your nose and mouth with a soaked towel or clothes when you escape.
Most fire victims died of hypoxia, suffocation and smoke poisoning, and only a few people were actually killed by fire. Because smoke is generally toxic and the temperature is very high, once inhaled, the respiratory tract will be seriously injured. The statistics of the fire department also provided a warning for escape. "When you have to escape through smoke, you should try to wrap your body with soaked clothes, cover your nose and mouth, and escape close to the ground."
Five, do a good job of fire prevention at ordinary times.
From the example of fire rescue, at present, fires in high-rise residential buildings are mainly caused by kitchens and household appliances. Therefore, the prevention of high-rise building fires should start from our daily life.
Six, fire exits 15 strokes
1. rope self-rescue method: If there is a rope at home, you can directly tie one end to a door, window or heavy object and climb down along the other end. In this process, your feet should twist and hold the rope, your hands should climb down alternately, and try to protect your hands with gloves and towels. ?
2. Crawl forward: Because most of the smoke is gathered in the upper space when the fire breaks out, you should crawl forward or bend down as close as possible to the ground during the escape. ?
3. Cover your nose with a towel: Fire smoke has the characteristics of high temperature and high toxicity. Once inhaled, it is easy to cause respiratory system burns or poisoning. Therefore, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel when evacuating, and cool down and filter.
4. quilt protection method: cover your body with a soaked quilt or blanket and cotton-padded clothes. After determining the escape route, drill directly into the fire as quickly as possible and rush to the safe area.
5. Blanket fire prevention method: nail or clip blankets and other fabrics on the door, and constantly water to cool down to prevent the invasion of external flames and smoke, so as to achieve the purpose of restraining the spread of fire and increasing the escape time.
6. Single-piece twisting method: Tear sheets, quilts or curtains into strips and twist them into twists, and climb down the outer wall by rope escape.
7. Jumping off a building to survive: Don't jump off a building on fire easily! As a last resort, residents living in low-rise buildings can jump to escape, but they should choose the lower ground as the landing point and throw Simmons mattresses, sofa cushions and thick quilts as buffers.
8. Pipeline sliding method: When there are vertical pipelines such as downpipes, telephone poles and lightning rod leads on the external wall or balcony of the building, it can be used to slide down to the ground. At the same time, it should be noted that the number of people sliding down at a time should not be too large, so as to prevent people from falling due to pipeline damage during escape.
9. Bamboo pole insertion method: insert the sturdy clothes-drying pole directly from the balcony or window sill into the outdoor ground or next to the platform, and slide down along the pole after both ends are fixed.
10. Climb to avoid fire: climb the outer edges of balconies and windowsills, scaffolding and awnings around buildings to avoid fire.
1 1. Stair transfer method: When the fire spreads rapidly from bottom to top and the stairs are closed, residents living upstairs can quickly climb to the roof through tiger windows and skylights. And transfer to the stairs of another house or another unit for evacuation.
12. Bathroom refuge method: When there is no escape, you can take refuge in the bathroom, plug the door with a towel, pour water underground to cool down, or lie in a bathtub filled with water to escape. But don't get under the bed, attic, cupboard and other places to take refuge, because there are many combustibles in these places, which are easy to gather smoke.
13. Fire rescue method: In case of fire, you can shout for help, knock on metal objects or throw soft objects at windows, balconies or roofs. Wave bright cloth to send a distress signal during the day, and wave flashlight or white cloth at night to attract the attention of rescuers.
14. Upwind evacuation method: the evacuation direction should be determined according to the wind direction when the fire occurs, and quickly escape to the windward of the fire site to avoid flames and smoke.
15. "Bridge" escape method: You can use relatively solid objects such as wooden boards and bamboo poles on adjacent units or buildings as springboard on balconies, window sills and roof platforms to transition to relatively safe areas.