Since Zhang Qian's voyage to the West, the commercial exchanges between China and Central Asia and Europe have increased rapidly. Through this avenue that runs through Asia and Europe, China's silk products, such as silk, silk, twill, satin and silk, are continuously transported to Central Asia and Europe. Therefore, Greece, Rome and China are called "Ju Lushi" countries and "Ju Lushi" nations. The so-called "Cyrus" means "silk".

At the end of 19, German geologist Richthofen praised the east-west road opened by Zhang Qian as the "Silk Road". On the basis of years of research, German Hurtsen wrote a monograph "Silk Road". Since then, the name of the Silk Road has been recognized by the world. Generally speaking, the Silk Road started from East Asia and connected Europe and North Africa through Central Asia and West Asia since ancient times. This is of great significance in world history. It is the traffic artery of the Eurasian continent, and it is a bridge for the cultural intersection of China, India and Greece. The Silk Road, according to its route, Xinjiang is divided into three roads: south, middle and north. The Silk Road was a commercial road that ran through China and the West in ancient times. It was named after German geographer von Richthofen in 0877. However, he meant "from BC 1 14 to AD 127. The so-called western regions refer to the vast areas from the west of Guyumen Pass and Guyangguan Pass to the Mediterranean coast. Later, historians collectively referred to this commercial route connecting China and the West as the Silk Road. Because it spans more than 2000 years of history and involves land and sea, it is divided into four periods according to history, namely pre-Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties and Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the route, there is a difference between the Silk Road on land and the Silk Road on the sea. It is also divided into "Northern Silk Road" and "Southern Silk Road". The geographical landscape of the Silk Road on land is very different, and people divide it into "Grassland Forest Silk Road", "Alpine Canyon Silk Road" and "Desert Oasis Silk Road". Silk was a representative commodity exported along the trade routes in ancient China. As the main commodity in exchange, it was also used as another name for the Silk Road, such as "Fur Road", "Jade Road" and "Desert Oasis Silk Road".

The Maritime Silk Road exported a large number of porcelain after the Middle Ages, so it was also called the "Porcelain Road". In a word, the Silk Road can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. The silk road in a broad sense is the general name of ancient Chinese and western trade routes; In a narrow sense, the Silk Road only refers to the Silk Road in the desert oasis during the Han and Tang Dynasties.

The beginning time of the rise and fall of the Silk Road is still inconclusive in historians, but at the latest in the 5th century BC, China silk was introduced into Persia by land and then sold to the Roman Empire. In the 4th century BC, there were records about silk in ancient western literature, and it was pointed out that "its silk products were sold to India". Before the 3rd century BC, China was called "Cyrus" in the west, which means "Silk Country" in Latin. Liu Che, emperor of the Han Dynasty (65 BC). ~ 87 years ago) In the second year of Jianyuan (BC 139), Zhang Qian (BC 164 ~ BC14) was sent to the western regions to "step on the Silk Road". Four years of yuanshou (BC 1 19). His envoys went to Dawan (now Fergana), Kangju (now Amu Darya and Saile River basins), Da Yue (now central and western Afghanistan), Daxia (now northern Afghanistan), Rest in Peace (now Iran), Tidu (now India), Khotan (now Hotan) and Ye Mi (now Tiandong). Immigrants settled in the fields. Ambassadors and businessmen from different countries in the Han Dynasty "looked at each other on the road" and "belonged to each other endlessly". Businessmen in Central Asia and West Asia "never stop, and the day is full of sadness". The Silk Road was interrupted during the Xin Mang period (9-23 AD). Ban Chao (AD 32- 102) made outstanding achievements in reopening the Silk Road.