The quality of jadeite is generally judged from six aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, specific gravity, color and sound.
1, jade texture: refers to the delicate and moist degree of jade. The quality of jade should be classified and evaluated according to the specific jade species, but no matter what kind of jade, it can not be separated from the four basic breakthrough points of "water, permeability, oil and lubrication".
2. Hardness of jade: Hardness refers to the ability of jade to resist external forces (such as pressing, engraving and grinding). The higher the hardness, the more difficult it is to process and the better the quality of jade.
3. Toughness of jade: refers to compressive hardness, or indentation hardness, that is, absolute hardness. Refers to the ability to resist external shocks, which is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest compressive hardness in nature is black diamond, marked as 10 degree, followed by Hetian jade, with a compressive hardness of 9 degrees.
4. Specific gravity of jade: refers to the density of jade. Different jadeites have different densities, and the greater the specific gravity, the higher the quality of the same jadeite.
5, the color of jade: color is the most intuitive visual experience of jade, to a large extent, often because the color of a piece of jade determines its quality positioning. Green is the best jade, and the value of red and purple jade is only 1/5 of green jade.
6. The voice of jade: Voice is also a very important part of jade appreciation. General sound has three levels: a, clear and pleasing to the ear; B, crisp; C, dull.
The difference between gem and jade refers to natural mineral crystals that can be used to make jewelry. , according to the value can be divided into high-grade gemstones and low-grade gemstones. The five precious gems in the world are diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds and emeralds. Other common low-grade gems include topaz, crystal, tanzanite, tourmaline, garnet and more than 20 kinds.
Jadeite Jadeite is a multi-mineral aggregate. In China, stones produced in nature can be called jade as long as they meet the three characteristics of beauty, durability and rarity. There are many kinds of jade produced or being used in China, among which Hetian jade and jadeite jade have the highest value.
The so-called "stone" often mentioned in stone ornaments generally refers to colored stones used for carving, such as Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone and Bahrain stone. Compared with jade, the hardness of stone is generally lower, and most Mohs hardness is between 2 and 4.
China Famous Jade 1, Hetian Jade: Produced in Kunlun Mountain, the "ancestor of Wanshan Mountain" in Xinjiang, it is one of the four famous jade in China.
Color classification: white, sugar white, bluish white, yellow, sugar color, blue, cyan, ink color, smoke blue, turquoise,
Mohs hardness: 6~6.5
Density: 2.96 ~ 3.17g/cm3
Transparent (head): translucent to opaque.
Gloss: oily or waxy luster
2. Nanyangyu: Known as "Nanyang Emerald", Nanyangyu is also known as "dushan jade", which is named after Dushan Mountain in Nanyang. Dushan Mountain in China and Henan is one of the four famous jade in China.
Color classification: red, green, white, purple, yellow, black, etc.
Mohs hardness: 6~6.5
Transparent (head): transparent to translucent.
Gloss: the luster of glass or grease.
3. Turquoise: Also known as "turquoise", it is named after its shape like a pine cone. One of the four famous jade in China.
Color classification: blue, light blue
Mohs hardness: 5~6
Density: 2.6~2.9 g/cm3
Transparent (head): usually opaque.
Gloss: the polished surface has no greasy glass luster, and the fracture surface has greasy dull luster.
4. Xiuyu: It is a precious original stone jade, named after it was produced in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County. Four famous jade in China.
Color classification: dark green, green, light green, yellowish green, grayish green, tan, brown, crimson, sallow, white, yellowish white, greenish white, grayish black, etc.
Mohs hardness: 2~6
Density: 2.49-2.64g/cm3.
Transparency (water head): slightly transparent to translucent, a few transparent.
Gloss: waxy luster, glassy luster, and some of them are greasy luster.
5. lantian jade: lantian jade, Shaanxi Province, commonly known as "vegetable jade", is an ancient jade, one of the earliest jade species developed and utilized in China, and is known as the "jade species Lantian".
Color classification: gorgeous or elegant
Mohs hardness: 3-4
Density: about 2.7 g/cm3.
Transparency (head): high transparency.
Gloss: strong luster.
6. Jiuquan Jade: Qilian Mountain in Jiuquan, Gansu Province is also called Qilian Jade. Is the floorboard of a variety of jade, with many black spots and high appreciation value.
Color classification: mostly dark green and dark green.
Mohs hardness: 4.8-5.5
Density: 2.44 ~ 2.8g/cm3
Gloss: Good moisturizing luster.
7, Qinghai jade: produced in Qinghai, hence the name.
Color classification: white background or light gray background with green stripes.
Mohs hardness: less than 6
Density: less than 2.9g/cm3.
Transparency (head): translucent.
Gloss: strong luster.
8. Dongling jade: scientific name sandstone, also known as ocean stone or Dongling stone. India has the largest mineral resources.
Color classification: green and red
Mohs hardness: 5
Density: 2.65 ~ 2.8g/cm3
Transparent (head): mostly opaque, occasionally partially translucent.
Gloss: It has strong grease luster and glass luster.
9. Hua 'anyu: It is produced in Hua 'an, Nanjing, Zhangping and other places in Jiulong River, Fujian Province. It was called Tea Baked Stone, Jiulong Jade, Caiyu and Jiulongbi in ancient times.
Color classification: mainly red, green, white and black.
Mohs hardness: 5.8~6.8
Density: 2.9 g/cm3
Transparency (water head): poor transparency, generally opaque.
Glossy: It has the luster of glass.
10. Agate: A kind of chalcedony mineral, often used for decoration or appreciation.
Color classification: red, white, yellow, blue, black, purple, green, gray and brown.
Mohs hardness: 6.5-7
Density: 2.6-2.7 g/cm3
Transparent (head): translucent to opaque.
Gloss: Waxy luster
China's four major Yin Zhangshi 1 and Shoushan Stone Shoushan Stone are produced in a small mountain village called Shoushan, 40 kilometers north of Fuzhou, Fujian. Shoushan stone veins are distributed in the mountains and streams around the village. After the Ming Dynasty, Shoushan stone began to be used as seal material.
Shoushan stone is characterized by its clean jade, soft and easy to attack, which is highly appreciated by seal engravers.
2. Qingtian Stone Qingtian Stone is produced in the southeast of qingtian county County, Zhejiang Province, around Shankou, Fangshan, Yanlong, Bletilla and Fengmenshan. Its fine and moist texture is an ideal material for carving and seal cutting.
The main mineral composition of Qingtian stone is pyrophyllite, which has five colors of yellow, white, cyan, green and gray. The top grade is fine and transparent stone, called cryolite.
3. Changhua bloodstone is divided into four categories according to material composition, transparency, luster and hardness: frozen ground, soft ground, hard ground and hard ground. First of all, the quality of bloodstone is distinguished according to the amount, shape and brightness of blood. Generally speaking, it is better to have more blood, fresh color and beautiful shape, while the blood is deep and heavy, and it is better to have thick blood or even patches.
4. Bahrain stone Bahrain stone in Inner Mongolia is mainly divided into five categories according to color, texture, texture and structure: bloodstone, Yellowstone, frozen stone, colored stone and patterned stone.
The difference between nephrite and jadeite nephrite standard 1, color: white is the best, suet jade is the best. Other colors are also good. Topaz and purple jade are rich in color, while jet is rich in ink. The color of jadeite is transparent.
2. Type: Hetian jade is the best, and other jade species also have good products.
3. History: Ancient jade is the best. Regarding the classification standard of ancient jade, some people think that jade in the Republic of China is ancient jade, while others think that jade before Han Dynasty is ancient jade. My humble opinion: It is better to classify jade before Ming Dynasty as ancient jade.
4. Carver: Nephrite is different from jadeite, and nephrite pays more attention to carver.
Jade standard 1, color: green is the best. The best green jade is Zhengyang Green (bright emerald).
2. Type: The best jadeite is "glass seed", also called "Lingdier jadeite". The permeability is very high.
3. Pits: Generally, old pits are better than new pits, seed materials are better than mountain materials and semi-mountain materials, and semi-mountain materials are better than mountain materials.
4. Size: The bigger the better. At present, large jadeite is rare.
Similarities and differences between nephrite and jadeite 1. Nephrite pays more attention to history and the inner charm of sculpture than jadeite. The same piece of jade (nephrite), if it is ancient jade (nephrite), will be worth a lot.
2. Jade pays more attention to color and size than nephrite. If a new jade (jade) is of good quality, it is more valuable than an ancient jade (jade).
3. Both pay attention to "water head". But nephrite is "internal" and jadeite is "external". In the light, the color of nephrite is gloomy, but jadeite is dazzling. Of course, its meaning is different.
Jade identification method Water drop identification method is to drop a drop of water on jade. If it's dewdrop-shaped, it won't disperse for a long time, it's real jade, and if the water drops disappear soon, it's a fake product!
If the touch method is real jade, it will feel cold and lubricated by hand.
In the inspection method, jade objects face bright places, such as sunlight and lights. If the color is transparent and evenly distributed, it is a real jade.
Tongue licking method licking real jade with the tip of the tongue has a astringent feeling, while fake jade has no astringent feeling. Finally, if possible, use a magnifying glass to see if there are any cracks. The jade without crack is the first-class high-quality jade, followed by the one with crack. The more cracks, the lower the value.