Silver nitrate, chemical formula AgNO? It is a colorless and transparent rhombic flake crystal with strong oxidation and corrosion. It is very active in chemistry and can react with many substances. Silver nitrate can react with sulfide to form silver sulfide precipitate. Silver sulfide is a black solid, insoluble in water, and can be used to prepare silver compounds.
Silver nitrate can react with halogen ions to form silver halide precipitate. For example, it reacts with chloride ion to generate white silver chloride precipitate, with bromine ion to generate light yellow silver bromide precipitate, and with iodine ion to generate yellow silver iodide precipitate. These silver halide precipitates are insoluble in water and can be used to identify halogen ions.
Silver nitrate can form insoluble nitrate precipitate with many metal ions. For example, it reacts with copper ions to generate blue copper nitrate precipitate, and reacts with mercury ions to generate red mercury nitrate precipitate. These nitrate precipitates can be used for precipitation reaction in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Silver nitrate can react with some organic substances, such as ammonia water to form silver ammonia solution and formaldehyde to form silver mirror. Silver nitrate is also photosensitive and will gradually decompose under light to produce silver and nitrogen dioxide. This characteristic makes silver nitrate be used to make photosensitive materials.
The wide application of silver nitrate;
1, emulsion: silver nitrate is the main raw material for making film emulsion. In the film manufacturing process, silver nitrate reacts with gelatin to generate silver halide particles, which is the core part of film sensitization.
2. Silver plating: Silver nitrate can be used for silver plating. This process is to deposit silver ions on the metal surface to form a silver layer. Silver plating layer has excellent conductivity and reflectivity, and is widely used in electronics industry, jewelry manufacturing industry and decoration industry.
3. Mirror making: Silver nitrate can react with ammonia to produce diammonium hydroxide, which is a compound used to make mirrors. After ammonium hydroxide is coated on the surface of the mirror, a smooth and reflective mirror can be formed after proper treatment.
4. Printing: Silver nitrate can be used to make printed circuit boards. In the manufacturing process of printed circuit board, silver nitrate reacts with copper to produce copper nitrate and silver, thus forming conductive silver wires on the circuit board.
5. Medicine: Silver nitrate is widely used in medicine. Can be used for disinfection and sterilization, and can also be used for treating burns and wounds. In addition, silver nitrate can also be used to prepare other silver compounds drugs.