Country Name: Independence Day of the Kingdom of Sweden: June 6th (1June 6th, 809), Sweden adopted the first modern constitution. 1983, the parliament officially declared June 6th as the Swedish National Day. National Stone: Little Crystal State Politician: King Carl XVI Gustaf, who ascended the throne in September, 1973; Prime Minister Goran persson took office in March 1996 and was re-elected in October 2002. Physical geography: located in the eastern part of Scandinavia, northern Europe. It borders Finland in the northeast, Norway in the west and northwest, the Baltic Sea in the east and the North Sea in the southwest, with a territory area of 449,900 square kilometers (excluding the territorial sea area). The coastline is about 2 18 1 km. The terrain slopes from northwest to southeast. Nordland Plateau is in the north, and the highest peak in the territory, Kebunekesai, is 2 1.23 meters above sea level, and the southern and coastal areas are mostly plains or hills. The main rivers are Jota River, Dahl River and Honel Man River. There are many lakes, about 92000. Lake Wiener, the largest lake, covers an area of 5,585 square kilometers, ranking third in Europe. About 15% of the land is in the Arctic Circle, but it won't be too cold in winter because of the Atlantic warm current. Most areas have temperate coniferous forest climate, and the southernmost part has temperate broad-leaved forest climate. Population: 8.909 million (200 1 year-end). 90% are Swedes (descendants of Germans), and there are more than 654.38+0000 foreign immigrants and their descendants (52.6% of them are foreign nationals). The Sami people in the north are the only minority, with about 10000 people. The official language is Swedish. 90% people believe in Christianity and Lutheranism. Capital: Stockholm, Finland. 1397 forms the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Norway, and is ruled by Denmark. 1523 independence from the alliance. In the same year, Gustav Vasa was elected king. The period from 1654 to 17 19 was a prosperous period in Sweden. Swedish territory, including Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, is under the command of the armed forces. As a national symbol, Sweden only performs representative or ceremonial duties and cannot interfere in the work of parliament and government. Parliament is the only legislative body in the country and is elected by universal suffrage. The government is the highest administrative organ of the country and is responsible to the parliament. The king's eldest son is the lawful heir to the throne. Parliament is unicameral. Economy: Sweden implements a "mixed economy" which combines developed private industry and commerce with relatively perfect state-owned public service departments, and is famous for its high wages, high taxes and high welfare. Forest, iron ore and water power are the three major natural resources in Sweden. On this basis, it has developed and formed four traditional industrial systems: mining and metallurgy, forestry and papermaking, electric power and machinery manufacturing. As a country rich in timber, iron ore and water resources, Sweden focuses on developing an export-oriented industrialized economy. Industry occupies a very important position in the national economy, and 82% of industrial products are exported abroad. After the mid-1970s, the industrial structure of Sweden has changed significantly. Sweden has increased the intensity and investment in scientific research and development, and the high-tech industry has developed rapidly. Transportation, communication, medicine and health, information, environmental protection and other fields have strong competitiveness in the world. Steel and wood processing, once Sweden's main export sectors, has been gradually replaced by industrial sectors such as machinery manufacturing, electronic precision instruments and automobiles. Shipbuilding, textile and other industries are declining, and the government has provided a lot of funds for subsidies, restructuring or nationalization. Metal processing and machinery manufacturing are the most important industrial sectors in Sweden. Swedish mechanical products are characterized by precision, durability and high technical level. Traditional products such as ball bearings and refrigeration equipment enjoy a high reputation in the international market. Iron and steel industry is one of the industrial sectors with a long history. Chemical industry is one of the main industrial sectors in Sweden. In the chemical industry, especially petrochemistry, petroleum refining is the most prominent, and plastics, chemical fibers, medicines and fertilizers have also made great progress. The automobile industry developed rapidly after the war, producing all kinds of trucks besides cars. One third of the car production is sold to the United States. The energy industry plays a very important role in the Swedish economy. Sweden is a country with developed industries and many energy-intensive enterprises. Besides, it has a long winter and a long transportation line. China is a country with high energy consumption, and the per capita annual electricity consumption is about10.3 million kwh. Sweden's agriculture and service industries are also relatively developed. The Swedish economy mainly relies on foreign trade and advocates open markets and free trade. Sweden's main export products are: automobiles and transportation equipment, machinery and instruments, electronic products, wood pulp and paper, medicines and chemicals, steel and metal products. More than 60% of Sweden's imported goods are parts and raw materials for manufacturing, mainly including electronic products, mechanical instruments, automobiles and transportation equipment, food, textiles and footwear. Culture: 9-year compulsory free education. Famous universities include Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Lund University, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Business School, etc. Swedes have high cultural quality, warm hospitality, simplicity and honesty, civilized speech, proper manners and punctuality. Swedes attach great importance to environmental protection and love wild animals such as flowers and birds and nature. Employees are entitled to five weeks' statutory paid holidays every year, working five days a week and working 65,438+0,5000 hours a year. People like to spend their leisure time outdoors, hiking in forests and fields, picking wild fruits and mushrooms, swimming, boating and fishing in the sea and lake. In summer, the days are long and the nights are short. People travel at home and abroad. Sweden has become one of the countries with the largest number of outbound tourists in the world. Sports activities are Swedish hobbies. According to a survey published by the University of Gothenburg in Sweden on June 24th, 2002, the Internet has surpassed traditional newspapers and become a more popular media in Sweden. According to a sample survey, Swedes spend an average of 23 minutes surfing the Internet every day and evening, while Swedes spend 265,438+0 minutes reading daily newspapers, only 8 minutes reading evening papers, 2 hours listening to the radio and 45 minutes watching TV respectively. The survey shows that women prefer listening to radio and reading; Men are more inclined to watch TV news, videos and evening papers. People with higher education are more willing to surf the internet, read books and read professional magazines; People with low education are willing to watch TV, listen to the radio and read the evening paper. Military: Sweden has about 65,000 troops and 20,000 civilians, and can mobilize 850,000 people in wartime. In September, 2004, Swedish Defense Minister Bioque Lund issued a statement saying that Sweden once took preventing the invasion from the former Soviet bloc as its national defense focus, but this threat no longer exists. The focus now is to respond to the international crisis and safeguard the territorial integrity of the country. Attractions: Nobel's house is located in Baihua Villa in Cascuga, central Sweden, more than 200 kilometers away from Stockholm. This is a milky white two-story building. The green lawn in front of the building complements the surrounding birch forest and the environment is quiet. During the period of 1894, Alfie Red Nobel ended his overseas wandering career and returned to his motherland to settle down, where he spent most of his last two years. Because his former residence, which was born in Stockholm, has now stood tall, Baihua Villa has become the only well-preserved Nobel's former residence today. Since the establishment of 1975, the memorial hall has become a tourist attraction and a Nobel academic activity center. The Nobel Seminar is held here every year, and famous scientists from all over the world gather together to discuss new topics in the field of science and Nobel's academic thought of "benefiting mankind". The memorial hall retains photos of Nobel's activities before his death, patent certificates of various technological inventions, gold medals and wills. Nobel's bedroom furnishings are very simple, with only a few pieces of the most necessary furniture, such as bed, desk and wardrobe, but all kinds of instruments and equipment in his laboratory are dazzling. Nobel183365438+1October 2 1 was born. He won the reputation of "king of explosives" for inventing detonators, nitroglycerin solid explosives and colloidal explosives. 1896 65438+February 10 died. At age 63. According to his will, part of his legacy, equivalent to $9.2 million, was used as a fund to reward scientific workers who benefited mankind. Plus the interest of this fund, there are five kinds of prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, which are awarded once a year on the day of Nobel's death, called the Nobel Prize. The Swedish Palace is the place where the king works and holds celebrations, and it is the main tourist attraction in Stockholm. Located in the center of Stockholm. Built in the17th century, it is the work of the famous Swedish architect Trier. The main entrance is divided by two stone lions on both sides, and two guards wearing red tassels and medieval costumes stand with guns, which is very powerful and neat. There are many exquisite reliefs on the four walls of the palace, and there is a big yard in the middle. The palace church and national hall in the south half que and the banquet hall in the north half que kept their original furnishings and were open to the public. In the magnificent hall of the palace, large portraits of kings and queens of past dynasties are hung on the walls, and the dome is decorated with magnetic burial, sculpture and gorgeous paintings. It is said that most of them are German artists from17th century. Some rooms are also equipped with ancient chariot weapons, jewels, gold and silver vessels and mock-ups of medieval knights, who wear spears, bronze helmets and armor. According to the ancient tradition, the Palace Guard held a grand changing ceremony at noon every day, which attracted a large number of tourists. Historical celebrity: Alfred bernhard Nobel (1833.10.21-1896.12.10), a famous Swiss chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosive. Born in Stockholm, Sweden, 1833, he devoted his life to the research of explosives and made great achievements in the research of nitroglycerin. 1896 12 10, Nobel proposed in Italy's will that a part of his legacy (US$ 9.2 million) be used as a fund to award five kinds of prizes in these fields to countries all over the world, namely the literary prize and the peace prize. 1 nobel foundation, and the nobel prize was first awarded in the following year: nobel 90165438+February 10. 1968 On the occasion of the anniversary of Sweden, we provided funds to set up the Nordic Central Bank to commemorate Alfred Bernd's Nobel Economics Festival.