About the author: He, member of the second and third sessions of insurance institute of china Artificial Products Professional Committee, and associate professor of Jewelry College of China Geo University.
First, the status of China's jewelry higher education
Jewelry industry is a new industry in China, which is still in the primary development stage. The further development and take-off of jewelry industry, the update of production technology and the improvement of the quality of employees are inseparable from the support and support of jewelry education.
China's jewelry higher education came into being with the gradual strengthening of China's economic strength and the continuous improvement of people's living standards.
Jewelry higher education is a new thing of reform and opening up. Under the background of higher education reform in China, we should not only follow the policy research rules of higher education in China, but also establish a distinctive teaching system within the framework of higher education in China to meet the needs of social and industrial development.
In foreign countries, jewelry education mostly belongs to vocational education, which has a history of nearly a hundred years. However, in China, due to the constraints of traditional concepts and national conditions, jewelry education is still dominated by academic education. But we can't ignore the foundation laid by professional jewelry education in the early 1980s for the development of China's jewelry industry. In the middle and late 1990s, jewelry education at different levels was carried out one after another. Under the jewelry education system led by China Geo University, jewelry education (including private colleges) in China has spread all over more than ten cities and regions in China.
At present, although China's jewelry higher education has accumulated some experience in years of running schools and teaching practice, and jewelry education in different regions and at different levels has also made some achievements, there are still many shortcomings and defects, which hinder the further development of China's jewelry higher education. For example, there is no detailed study and definition of the training objectives of talents at different levels, which leads to the lack of systematicness and pertinence in teaching ideas and methods, the sameness in curriculum and teaching content, and the lack of innovation and characteristics. In addition, the training of teachers needs to be further strengthened.
Therefore, it is an urgent task for China's jewelry education to explore how China's jewelry higher education can develop steadily and rapidly, and how to take the road of "jewelry education with China characteristics", which is also a concern of domestic jewelry education experts and scholars.
Second, the position of artificial products course in jewelry teaching.
Artifact is an important branch of gemmology and a big category of jewelry and jade classification. With the continuous exploitation of natural gemstones, their reserves will be continuously reduced and will be gradually exhausted, while the world's demand for gemstones is increasing. The appearance of artificial products makes up for the shortage of natural gemstones, enriches the jewelry market and beautifies people's lives. Artificial products are widely used in the field of gemstones because of their strong decorative properties, and play a very important role.
With the rapid development of synthetic gemstone technology, the variety and quantity of synthetic gemstones are increasing, and the market is expanding. Synthetic gemstones have become an important part of gemology and have rapidly developed into an industry integrating scientific research, production and sales.
After nearly a hundred years of development, artificial products are still thriving, and they have formed a parallel situation with natural gems. It can be seen that the research on artificial products is very promising, so the education and training of professional and technical personnel of artificial products is also very important.
At present, the course of artificial products in colleges and universities has become an important course of gemology. The teaching content of artificial products can not be separated from different levels of teaching system. The teaching content of artificial products has developed from a chapter content ten years ago to a course content, and the number of hours has developed from about 8 hours to about 80 hours today. Therefore, the teaching development of specialized courses of artificial products keeps pace with the times. It is our duty as an artificial product educator to transmit the rapidly developing new technologies and methods to students as soon as possible, constantly enrich the teaching content of the artificial products course, guide students to think independently, flexibly use the theoretical knowledge they have learned, and make scientific and technological innovations and inventions. Therefore, the teaching of specialized courses of artificial products is very important. Only by constantly enriching the teaching content and improving and innovating the teaching methods can we keep up with the pace of the times and cultivate qualified talents for China's jewelry higher education.
Third, the problems existing in the teaching process of artificial products.
1. Different levels of teaching objects teach the same content, and the teaching materials are single or irregular.
Looking at the different levels of jewelry higher education system in China, it is found that the curriculum and teaching content have not changed much. For example, some colleges and universities specialize in synthetic gems, with exactly the same class hours and teaching contents, and even some graduate courses simply repeat the teaching contents of undergraduate courses.
At present, the whole jewelry higher education is still in the exploratory stage, and the construction of teaching materials is very scarce, and the teaching objects at different levels lack corresponding artificial products teaching materials. Many colleges and universities can only choose one existing teaching material, but fail to teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
2. Lack of teaching practice, teaching equipment and teaching samples.
Gemmology is a very practical subject. As one of the important branches of gemology, the teaching of artificial products should be combined with practice. However, due to the rapid technological innovation and fierce competition of artificial products, most manufacturers of artificial products have a strong sense of confidentiality and are rarely willing to establish student practice bases with schools. In addition, many state-owned scientific research units have been restructured and dismantled, and the variety of artificial products produced in China is limited, which leads to the lack of teaching practice, teaching equipment and teaching samples in the teaching process.
3. The training of teachers is ineffective.
Most graduates of jewelry colleges tend to engage in appraisal and marketing professions, which makes the cultivation of students' teaching ability deficient, and the school's access system is too restrictive, which leads to the lack of teachers in the teaching of artificial products course, and few teachers are really qualified for the teaching of this course, which directly affects the teaching effect of this course.
Fourthly, the countermeasures to improve the teaching of artificial products course.
1. Set courses according to different universities.
Public colleges and universities are mainly built according to the established national system. Due to the influence of diploma and traditional ideas, students are better, but the employment situation is not optimistic. This is due to the limitations of China's jewelry industry and the unreasonable or imperfect teaching system, resulting in a considerable number of college students or graduate students with high scores and low energy, which can not meet the needs of society after graduation. Therefore, learning from the western teaching system of "lenient entry and strict exit" can improve the disadvantages of the current jewelry education system.
On the one hand, private jewelry colleges should give full play to the characteristics of aid-aided and higher vocational education, cultivate high-quality and applied qualified talents, improve themselves in internal management system, increase employment rate and expand their influence in the industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to strengthen the construction of democratic system, so that academic research and teaching research can go hand in hand, and strive to obtain nationally recognized academic diploma education qualifications as soon as possible.
According to the basic characteristics of public universities and private universities, the following courses are offered:
Public institutions-pay attention to academic education and offer courses such as intraocular lens, crystal growth and gemstone synthesis, and synthetic gemstones.
Private colleges and universities-attach importance to vocational and applied education and offer courses such as artificial products and synthetic gems.
2. Curriculum setting according to different levels of teaching objects.
According to the present situation of jewelry higher education, jewelry higher education should be divided into three teaching systems:
College education (including adult education and vocational education)
undergraduate course
Postgraduate education (including master's and doctoral degrees)
In view of the unclear training objectives of jewelry higher education at present, the training objectives of the three teaching systems of jewelry higher education should be:
University education: professional applied talents
Undergraduate Education: Basic Applied Talents
Postgraduate Education: Research Talents
Therefore, according to different levels of colleges and universities should set the following courses:
University education: artificial gem
Bachelor degree: Artificial products or crystal growth and gem synthesis.
Postgraduate education: artificial crystal
3. According to different levels of teaching objects, compile different levels of teaching materials and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
According to the training objectives of the three major teaching systems of jewelry higher education, we suggest different levels of jewelry education textbooks (jewelry higher education series, jewelry secondary education series, jewelry training series, etc.). ) according to the different requirements of teaching rules, teaching syllabus and teaching depth, you can set up and compile teaching materials.
Teaching material for graduate students-focusing on crystal growth theory and synthetic technology and process principle of artificial products.
Undergraduate teaching materials-pay attention to the synthesis technology and technology of artificial products, as well as the identification of artificial products.
Textbook for junior college students-Pay attention to the identification of artifacts
Teachers can teach selectively according to different teaching objects, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and constantly improve their teaching level.
4. Improve teachers' scientific research and academic level, and strengthen the construction of teachers.
No matter public or private universities, the construction of teaching staff can not be ignored. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the training of teachers, improve the assessment system, let teachers keep charging, keep abreast of the latest new technologies and methods in the jewelry industry, understand the changing laws and development trends of the jewelry market, and cultivate useful talents suitable for the current society and the development of the jewelry industry.
5. Pay equal attention to scientific research and teaching, improve experimental equipment and supplement teaching specimens, attach importance to the cultivation of graduate students, and establish a professional practice base for artificial products.
Scientific research and academic level are also reflected in the cultivation of graduate students. The scientific research and academic research of gemmology are mostly embodied in the fields of artificial products and optimized gem treatment. Graduate students are a new force in scientific research and academic fields. Therefore, in postgraduate training, it is necessary to fully reflect the strength and depth of scientific research, and establish practice bases with manufacturers and scientific research units, such as Wuzhou, which is known as the "capital of artificial products", to cultivate compound and high-quality modern artificial products professionals, and to improve the theoretical level and academic level of teaching and scientific research in jewelry industry.
In addition, according to their own advantages and teaching characteristics, colleges and universities should constantly improve the experimental equipment of artificial products and replenish teaching specimens in time, integrate theory with practice, and continuously improve the teaching effect.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
At present, there are still many gaps to be filled in this new industry of jewelry, and there are still many areas that need our efforts, especially in artificial products, such as the development of new varieties and methods of gem synthesis, the establishment of artificial product brands, the establishment of artificial product industrial bases, the construction of artificial product teaching materials and the discussion of teaching methods, and the implementation of artificial products' strategy of going global, and so on. All of the above needs qualified artificial product professionals to achieve.
In a word, China's jewelry higher education has broad prospects, and the future development of artificial products is also quite optimistic. As long as we follow the scientific laws of education, broaden our thinking, broaden our horizons, broaden our fields, seize the opportunity, base ourselves on "characteristics" and be brave in innovation, China's jewelry education (especially the education of man-made products) will definitely be in by going up one flight of stairs and make great contributions to the development of China's jewelry industry!
The above are my superficial understanding and views in the teaching process of artificial products specialty courses, aiming at "throwing bricks to attract jade". I urge all experts, scholars and colleagues in the jewelry industry to criticize and correct improper points!