According to Article 266 of the Criminal Law, whoever defrauds public or private property in a relatively large amount shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall also or only be fined;
If the amount is huge or there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined; If the amount is especially huge or there are other especially serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment, and shall also be fined or confiscated.
Extended data:
The collection is divided into four categories: natural history, art history, humanities history and popular science history, which are specifically divided into cultural relics, jewels, famous stones and ornamental stones, coins, stamps, documents, coupons, trademarks, badges, specimens, ceramics, jade articles, paintings and calligraphy. It should be said that collection is an art, but also a science. Due to the variety of collections, scientific collection, scientific positioning, scientific preservation and scientific classification are very important. This paper focuses on the classification problem, and other aspects will be elaborated in future special articles. At present, there is no authoritative definition and statement on the classification of collectibles, which needs further study and discussion by colleagues who are keen on collecting. However, the author discussed with Tibetan friends, experts and scholars, and read relevant materials. From the perspective of China's private collection and history, relatively similar collections can be roughly divided into four categories: natural history, art history, humanities history and popular science history.
Natural history includes insect specimens, marine life and specimens, rain flower stones, strange stones and wing paintings, that is, all kinds of objects in nature are the main ones;
Art history includes cigarette labels, smoking utensils, sparks, micro-sculptures, tea sets, porcelain sculptures, arts and crafts, calligraphy and painting, etc.
Humanities and history: mainly books, newspapers, materials, folk customs and other items;
The history of popular science includes computing tools, clocks, keys, wine containers and so on.
This classification has some merits because of its inclusiveness, but it is limited to private collections rather than collections.
The scientific classification of collections is very important for the development of collectors' research. There are many sayings about Tibetan friends' houses, which are classified as follows:
1. Cultural relics: including historical relics, physical objects of ancient buildings, sculptures, inscriptions, utensils, folk works of art, stationery, entertainment supplies, theatrical props, arts and crafts, revolutionary cultural relics, etc. Among them, utensils include gold and silver wares, tin and lead wares, lacquerware, utensils, furniture, fabrics, carpets, clocks, hookahs, fans and so on. Crafts include utensils, enamel, purple sand, wood carving, rattan and bamboo.
2. Calligraphy and painting: including calligraphy, rubbings, traditional Chinese painting, oil painting, watercolor painting, gouache painting, lacquer painting and comics.
3. Ceramics: including pottery, porcelain, purple sand pottery, etc.
4. Jade articles: including jade ritual vessels, jade weapons, jade vessels and jade furnishings.
5. Jewelry, famous stones and ornamental stones: including carved jade jewelry, as well as various natural inkstones, Yin Shi, strange stones and ornamental stones that have not been artificially carved, such as the four famous stones in China: Dongpo special-shaped stone, time-honored sculpture and egg shell.