According to the flora division of Wu Zhengyi (1979), it belongs to Pan-Arctic flora, Sino-Japanese forest flora subregion and Central China flora. This area belongs to the core part of Sino-Japanese forest flora, mainly woody plants, with abundant endemic relict plant. There are more than 5,000 species of plants in nature reserves, including more than 250 ancient plants, 36 endemic plants/kloc-0, 82 rare and endangered plants and 30 precious plants. Among them, the first-class protection in the country are Taxodium ascendens, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Davidia involucrata, Ginseng and Alsophila spinulosa; The second level includes Ginkgo biloba, Pistacia chinensis, Liriodendron chinense, garlic, wild tea, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Eucommia ulmoides, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fokienia hodginsii and so on. There are three grades: Lagerstroemia indica, Gastrodia elata, Red Bean Tree, Yunnan Aesculus, Taxodium distichum, Taxodium distichum, Magnolia officinalis, Phoebe bournei and Dysosma versicolor. Ginkgo biloba, Phyllostachys pubescens, tea, Rhododendron King and Ginkgo biloba are also called "Golden Mountain Five Musts". Due to the high altitude, the climate and soil in various parts of Jinfo Mountain are complex, and there are many vegetation types due to long-term more or less human activities. There are six vegetation types: subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, mountain dwarf forest, subtropical coniferous forest, shrub and meadow. Among them, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is the most important horizontal zonal vegetation in this area, and it is also a vertical zonal baseband vegetation. There are many kinds of plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, including some endemic plants and rare and endangered plants in China. It is reported that there are more than 5,600 species of plants recorded or discovered in Jinfo Mountain, belonging to 294 families 1588 genera. * * * There are 4764 species of seed plants 183 families 1256 genera, and 4093 species of wild seed plants 160 families/kloc-0 genera, including 347 species of model plants and 65438+ species of endemic plants. Composition Analysis of Rare and Endangered Plants in Jinfo Mountain According to the survey statistics and the Catalogue of Rare and Endangered Plants in China published by 1987, it is confirmed that there are 47 species (including cultivated species) of rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, belonging to 32 families and 43 genera. According to the degree of threat, there are 5 endangered species, 18 rare species and 24 endangered species.

In terms of protection level,

There are 4 first-class protected plants, 2 second-class protected plants 16, and 27 third-class protected plants. Species of Rare and Endangered Plants in China 1987 "Rare and Endangered Plants in China" is selected from ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms naturally growing in China. * * * There are 389 species (including 1 subspecies, 24 varieties), including 3 species of pteridophytes, 7 species of gymnosperms and 305 species of angiosperms; Among them, 12 1 species are listed as endangered, 1 10 species are rare and 158 species are endangered. Among them, there are 8 species listed as first-class key protection, 159 species listed as second-class key protection and 222 species listed as third-class key protection. Classification of threatened degree of plants Any plant species whose survival and reproduction are threatened by internal and external factors is called threatened species, which can be divided into the following five situations according to the different threatened degree and conditions:

Extinctions species Extinction species refer to those species that have been recorded in history, even in a large number, but for various reasons, there are no naturally growing individuals in their distribution areas. In some areas, due to the rapid changes in the environment, many plants with weak adaptability cannot survive and disappear. For example, it is difficult to find those species in the origin of many type specimens in China. To find out whether a species is extinct in the whole distribution area, it needs in-depth research to determine, and often it needs many investigations to determine that it is extinct. Endangeredspecies refers to the endangered species whose natural population is very small, threatened by survival in fragile habitats and in danger of extinction. It may be because their reproductive ability is very weak, and their number has been reduced to the critical level of extinction, or the special habitat they need has been destroyed, or it has changed dramatically to be unsuitable for their growth, or it has been overexploited. Even though the risk factors have been eliminated and protection and restoration measures have been taken, the number of species caused by pests and diseases continues to decline or it is difficult to recover, such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Vulnerablespecies Endangered (that is, fragile or threatened) species refers to species that are not currently in an endangered state. Due to man-made or natural reasons, in its distribution range, it has been seen that its population has signs of decline, such as incomplete development, and both mature plants and young plants are decreasing or lacking. If the unfavorable factors for its growth and reproduction continue to exist, such as over-utilization or large-scale destruction of its habitat, it may become an endangered species in the near future. Rare species (rare species) refer to species with narrow distribution area, unique ecological environment or wide distribution range but sporadic distribution. Although they are far from being endangered or endangered at present, they are only minorities in the distribution area, or they may disappear soon because of their very limited existence area, or they are only sporadic although they are widely distributed, as long as their distribution area occurs on them. Many plants on mountains, deep valleys, islands and lakes often fall into this category.

There are many important rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, which are not only valuable germplasm resources, but also of great value in plant taxonomy and geographical research. For example, the discovery, classification, geographical distribution, resources, morphology and biological ecology of this species have been reported in detail in Taxodium distichum published by 1990. Some scholars have made a detailed study on the vegetation types, forest vegetation community coefficient and mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinfo Mountain. At present, there is no comprehensive report on rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve.

(A) the main characteristics of rare and endangered plants flora

(1) has complex geographical elements and obvious temperate nature. 43 genera of rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve belong to 8 distribution types respectively, which can be grouped into 1 class, 1 genus and 1 species in the world, namely Astragalus mongholicus; There are 12 genera and 13 species in the second, fifth and seventh categories of tropical components such as adzuki bean, gastrodia elata, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Manglietia patongensis, accounting for 28.57% of the total genera. There are 20 species of temperate components in classes 8, 9, 14 17, such as hazelnut, coptis chinensis, emei coptis chinensis, magnolia officinalis and Liriodendron chinense. , accounting for 40.48% of the total genera; 15 is endemic to China, with 13 genera 13 species, accounting for 30.95% of the total genera. Therefore, the rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve are mainly temperate elements.

(2) The flora is ancient.

Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, which belongs to the core of Sino-Japanese forest plant sub-region, is a rich and ancient flora, especially in the aspect of paleoflora, which preserves many tertiary or even older relict plant, such as Cryptomeria fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Fokienia hodginsii, Liriodendron, Davidia involucrata and other rare and endangered plants. There are many ancient relict plant and rare and endangered plants in this area.

(3) Endemic plants and tropical Asia are dominant. Among 47 species of rare and endangered plants belonging to 43 genera in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, China has the most endemic genera and species, namely 13 genera and 13 species, accounting for 30.95% and 28.26% of the total genera and species respectively. The endemic rare and endangered plants are Ginkgo biloba, Cryptomeria fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Acer truncatum, Bole Tree, tapiscia sinensis Tree, Davidia involucrata, Changium smyrnioides, Hedgehog, Honeysuckle. This area is one of the few sporadic distribution areas of Cryptomeria fortunei and Jinfo Mountain Orchid. There are 8 genera and 9 species of rare and endangered plants in tropical Asia (India-Malaysia) in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, accounting for 19 of the total genera and species respectively. 05% and 19. 57%, ranking second. Tropical Asian elements include Fokienia hodginsii, Taxodium ascendens, Manglietia patongensis, long-petalled tea, Yunnan tea, crocodile lotus, longan, papaya red, etc., which provide extremely valuable information for studying the flora of tropical Asia.

(4) There are more haplotypes and oligotypes.

Among the various components of rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, monotype genus 19 (only genus 1 species) and oligomorph genus 19 (2-3 species within genus) account for 44% of the total genera. 19%, and the endemic types in China are the most concentrated, with *** 13 genera, accounting for 30% of the total genera. 23%。 Most of them are ancient genera left over from Quaternary glaciation.

(2) Preliminary evaluation of rare and endangered plants.

According to the quantitative evaluation index system, after careful study, the storage coefficient, endangered coefficient, genetic loss coefficient, utilization value coefficient, protection grade coefficient and habitat type coefficient of various plants are calculated, and then the comprehensive evaluation coefficient is calculated according to the formula. Because it is difficult to truly explain the rarity of cultivated species in the evaluation, it can not reflect the distribution of rare and endangered plants in this area. According to the evaluation results and comprehensive evaluation coefficient values, the priority protection order of rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain is obtained, and the first one indicates that the plant should be protected first. The sequence is: Cathaya argyrophylla, Davidia involucrata, Manglietia patongensis, YinYe Gui, Cymbidium sinense, Ginkgo biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Bole Tree, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Acer truncatum, Jinfo Mountain Orchid, Coptis Emei, Fokienia hodginsii, Ginkgo biloba and Cephalotaxus yunnanensis.

(3) The relationship between rare and endangered plants and vegetation in Jinfo Mountain.

Subtropical coniferous forests mainly formed by gymnosperms in this area are mostly secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests destroyed by human activities. The constructive species of subtropical coniferous forest in this area is Pinus massoniana, but due to different altitudes and lithology, Pinus massoniana often forms different constructive communities with other constructive species, such as mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and cypress, pure forest of Pinus massoniana and mixed forest dominated by silver fir. Special attention should be paid to the community of Cryptomeria fortunei forest. Cryptomeria fortunei was widely distributed on the earth in Tertiary, and now it is on the verge of extinction. This area is mainly distributed in the middle-long mountain in the southeast and the old ladder on the northern slope in the west. Cryptomeria fortunei is difficult to reproduce because of its small number, and it is easy to become extinct. Therefore, we should step up research in order to breed a large number of offspring through artificial reproduction. Other rare and endangered gymnosperms are mostly distributed in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests.

Angiosperms are an important part of various plant communities in this area.

Evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are two important vegetation types. Evergreen broad-leaved forest is mainly composed of FAGACEAE, Lauraceae, Elaeagnaceae, Aluminaceae, Theaceae, Ardisiaceae, Ericaceae, Caprifoliaceae, etc. Evergreen broad-leaved deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest is widely distributed in this area, mainly including Ulmaceae, Berberidaceae, betulaceae, Aceraceae, Rosaceae, Aceraceae and other tree species. Most of the rare and endangered plants in this area are distributed in these two communities, such as Corylus heterophylla, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Silver Ye Gui, Acer ginnala, Bole Tree and Davidia involucrata. In addition, a small number of rare and endangered plants are also distributed in mountain dwarf forests and shrubs. Rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve are distributed in various vegetation types. To protect all kinds of rare and endangered plants, we must first protect their natural environment and various biological communities.

(D) protection and utilization of rare and endangered plants countermeasures

There are many reasons why plants are endangered, including natural history, species itself and human influence. Human factors can be summarized into two aspects: First, over-collection, many plants are valuable medicinal plants, flower plants, woody plants and important industrial raw materials plants, such as Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Gastrodia elata and other plants, and their natural distribution is rare due to over-collection. Second, the habitat is destroyed, and every plant needs the corresponding environment it needs. When the environment is destroyed, it actually loses its foothold. In recent years, Jinfo Mountain has intensified the development of tourism, and the ecological environment has been destroyed to a certain extent, so environmental protection has become very urgent. Although there are many species of rare and endangered plants in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, most of them are small in quantity and have a narrow distribution area, which makes them vulnerable to extinction. Therefore, strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plant resources and species diversity is an important topic of environmental protection at present. First of all, we should do a good job in local protection, strengthen the construction of nature reserves and effective management of resources, and protect the living environment of endangered plants. Second, actively carry out artificial reproduction and ex situ conservation. Third, carry out publicity and education through various channels to enhance people's ecological awareness. Only in this way can we truly realize the long-term goal of protecting and permanently utilizing rare and endangered plants. There are more than 50 species of mammals/kloc-0, 4 species of birds/kloc-0, 9 species of reptiles/kloc-0 and 4 species of amphibians/kloc-0. The national first-class animals in the reserve include golden monkey, leopard, South China tiger, tortoise leopard, langur, clouded leopard and so on. The second category includes macaques, pangolins, forest musk deer, large civet cats, small civet cats, white-crowned long-tailed pheasants, red-bellied pheasants and black bears. There are many kinds of animals endemic to China in the nature reserve, such as golden monkey, white-crowned pheasant, golden pheasant, red suzaku, red-spotted toad and so on. Sprinkle with red rosefinch

Birds, finches, suzaku. The male's head, neck and back feathers are mainly bright red, with dark brown wings and dark brown tail feathers. Chest feathers are deep red, female feathers are olive brown, and there are gray stripes on both sides of the chest. The body feathers of male birds are mainly red. Seeds of staple food trees and weeds.