Entrepreneurship is to create an economic organization and achieve personal development goals; This is an economic function and personal trait. It is a management method; It is a method of thinking, reasoning and action. Is to start a company and sell it for capital gains.
Entrepreneurship enables a person to realize the transformation from "career" to "career". This temptation often tilts the balance of most people towards entrepreneurship. Most people want to start a business and have their own business, even if it is small. The boss of a small company is chatting with the general manager of a big company. The manager of the small company said, "We can't compare with you. You are aircraft carriers, and we are little garbage. The small sampan may encounter wind and waves at any time in the sea, but in order to fish, it must venture forward. " The manager of a big company said, "Although we are aircraft carriers, all the fish we catch are the boss's. We will have some fish soup with them. Once the boss thinks you can't do it, we will kick into the sea immediately and we will become fish food. "
Investment is the most common and direct way for people to start a business. As far as entrepreneurial projects are concerned, on-the-job entrepreneurs are biased in project selection because of their characteristics of starting a business while working. On-the-job entrepreneurs tend to invest less, take up less time, entrust others to take care of it and give full play to their advantages.
First, the preparation for starting a business
Enthusiasm is not enough to start a business. Without funds, direction and experience, the time and conditions are not yet ripe. Immature conditions, blind entrepreneurship, large input and small output; The project is not allowed, and the funds are trapped; Adverse management, no blood return and other consequences.
Entrepreneurship trilogy is:
Step one:
Only when you have entrepreneurial quality can you invest;
1, people recognition ability, management ability, imagination, eloquence, perseverance, dedication and positive outlook on life.
2. Ability to work independently and pursue profits.
3. Have industry expertise.
Step two:
Assess your suitability as a boss. People with the following personality characteristics are extremely unsuitable for being a boss:
1, I feel nervous and timid at the thought of managing many employees independently as a boss.
2. I would rather keep the status quo and let nature take its course than spend huge manpower, material resources and painstaking efforts to start a business.
I always think that I am a very steady person. If I am not sure about a business, I will never try it.
Unless there is a careful plan in advance, you will not act rashly.
Enthusiasm for work comes and goes quickly, so I don't have perseverance in doing things, or I often work according to my own interests.
Step 3:
Evaluate the feasibility of the business plan:
1. Do you really know your industry? You need to investigate management costs, industry standards, competitive advantages and other factors.
2. Has your method been proved? Experienced entrepreneurs have a popular saying that a good idea that has not been implemented may often not be implemented.
Can your idea stand the test of time? A week or a month has passed, is your creativity still so exciting? Or have you ever had a completely different idea to replace it?
4. Do you have a good network? The process of starting a business is actually the process of organizing suppliers, contractors, consulting experts and employees. In order to find the right person, you should have a personal network to serve you.
5. What are the potential returns? The main purpose of starting a business is to make money, but not just to make money. You should also consider the potential rewards such as sense of accomplishment, love and value. If you don't realize this, you must reconsider your plan.
What strategies do enterprises need to succeed in starting a business?
Second, the direction of entrepreneurship
Everything is difficult at the beginning, and a good beginning is half the battle. Therefore, the core of all these problems is how to take the first step. It is difficult to start a business, and it is even more difficult to explore entrepreneurial opportunities. Some people attribute the idea of starting a business to chance, and the so-called "another village has a bright future." However, experts who study creativity believe that creativity is only the tip of the iceberg. Without the usual hard work, the opportunity would not be so coincidental. The so-called coincidence or sixth sense intuition is mainly because entrepreneurs cultivate keen observation ability and detect environmental changes on weekdays, so they can form ideas in advance. It's best to choose a major that you are familiar with, so the probability of success is high. First, there is little resistance to business development in the early stage of entrepreneurship; Secondly, it can improve professional ability and make it easier to stand out in the fierce competition.
(A) to explore entrepreneurial opportunities, can be roughly summarized as the following seven ways:
1. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities by analyzing special events.
2. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities by analyzing contradictions.
3. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities by analyzing operational processes.
4. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities by analyzing the changing trend of industry and market structure.
5. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities by analyzing the changing trend of demographic data.
6. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities through changes in values and cognition.
7. Explore entrepreneurial opportunities by creating new knowledge.
(2) There are four main entrepreneurial directions:
1. Online Entrepreneurship
Because the network is convenient, efficient and easy to manage, many on-the-job entrepreneurs have chosen the direction of online entrepreneurship. There are two main forms of online entrepreneurship: one is to open an online shop, such as opening your own online shop on Taobao and Yi Bei, or establishing a special e-commerce website. The second is to profit from the inequality of good information. For example, someone registered on a well-known commercial network to provide information on both the supply and demand sides, and all this information came from the free network.
Become an agent
Being a commodity agent does not need to occupy full-time time, and full-time work can accumulate more contacts and facilitate the sale of commodities.
3. Consulting industry
This is the most common type of on-the-job entrepreneurship. Usually, incumbents use their brains and wisdom, rich experience or professional skills to start a business.
4. Entrusted investment
Suitable for entrepreneurs who have certain funds but lack energy or time. Commissioned investment, first, to choose a good project, to meet market demand, market advantages, market differences, reputation; Second, a good partner, the character of the partner is the first, and an honest partner is the basis for ensuring the success of cooperation. Of course, whether the partner has management quality is also very important.
(C) the reference significance of female entrepreneurship
1. Creative service category: a profession with creativity and execution as its main work content, suitable for creative workers who need freedom and freedom. Because of its flexibility in the workplace, it is also suitable for SOHO people who want to take care of their families, including planning, public relations, multimedia design and production, translation and editing, fashion design, text work, advertising, music creation, photography, interpretation and so on.
2. Professional consultation: The industry that provides professional advice and wins by eloquence and communication skills, because the work content and location are highly flexible, it is also very feasible to wander among various enterprises or set up studios, including enterprise management consultants, tourism information services, psychological consultations, professional lecturers, beauty consultants, etc.
3. Sci-tech services: With the development of network and computer technology, there are quite a few entrepreneurial opportunities with relevant professional knowledge, including software design, web design, website planning, online marketing, sci-tech literature translation, and sci-tech public relations.
4. Family education and care: provide child rearing and care services for the elderly, including talent classes, kindergartens, family care and family services.
5. Life service: mainly in the form of store operation, divided into two types: independent store opening and joining. Suitable industries include West Point bakery, coffee shop, Chinese and Western fast food restaurant, clothing store, gold jewelry store, shoe store, household goods store, sporting goods store, book and stationery rental store, audio-visual entertainment goods rental store, beauty and skin care store, flower shop, pet store, convenience store and so on.
Although a large number of entrepreneurial opportunities can be discovered through systematic research, the best ideas still come from the long-term observation and life experience of entrepreneurs.
Third, entrepreneurial risk.
Compared with the risks of other events, entrepreneurial risk is characterized by a long chain of entrepreneurial risks. From the aspects of project selection, fund raising, team formation, product production, market development and career development. The front line is long and the variables are big, and any link may be risky. Successful entrepreneurs systematically take risks. Smart entrepreneurs let other team members share the risk. This requires entrepreneurial talents to learn the ability to avoid risks, transfer risks, compensate risks, restrain risks, evaluate risks, predict risks and manage risks in the process of starting a business.
(A) the need to pay attention to issues
Before starting a business, the primary problem faced by college students is the lack of industry knowledge in a certain field. Therefore, college students should pay attention to the following points:
1. Entrepreneurship should be based on the principle of moderate innovation.
Form superior technology or industrial clusters in the university area. Taking the plate economy of Jiangsu and Zhejiang as a template, it is best to focus on a part of the industrial chain.
2. Make full use of the original ecological technological achievements and technology trading market. Some innovators just invent for the sake of invention, lack market knowledge and are relatively unsociable, but their inventions have great market value and deserve attention and introduction. In addition, products are found in the technology trading market.
3. Trade-off between patent and know-how. Know-how means know-how.
4. Series patent registration and product protection. For example, Dell's main product is computer, but it is possible that it will register the same trademark in other fields that it is not good at, so we can choose to buy its trademark right.
5. Dig the gold mine of failed patents or expired patents and consult with the Patent Office.
6. Be careful not to damage the original work unit in the competition with the original work unit, which does not conform to the relevant matters stipulated in the labor law.
(2) The details that should be paid attention to when starting a business are:
1, actively use existing resources. Many on-the-job employees choose fields closely related to their jobs to start businesses. The experience and resources they have accumulated in their work are the greatest entrepreneurial wealth. In order to land on the moon first, we should make good use of these resources. Give priority to projects that can help you survive. Don't waste money on projects that can only enhance your image or bring greater convenience.
Resources must not be abused, and on-the-job bosses must not confuse personal business with unit business, let alone eat inside and pick outside for profit, otherwise they will not only bear moral hazard, but also be punished by law. On your website, time, money and talent are all at your disposal. However, if you mess around, your business will turn around.
2. Some office workers have investment funds or certain business channels, but they are too busy to do anything, so they will choose to start a business together. If you need a partner's money to start or maintain a business, or if this partner helps you design the idea of this business, or if he has the skills you need, or if you need him to preach for you, please ask him to join your company. Although this will make it easy for part-time bosses to go into battle, we should choose our partners carefully and strike a balance between inviting helpers and handling them ourselves. First, we should be like-minded; second, we should trust each other. Don't hire people who are suitable for this job but don't get along with you, and don't hire people who are not prepared to face the pressure of starting a business.
In addition, the responsibilities, rights and interests of partners must be clearly distinguished, and it is best to form a written text signed by both partners and witnesses to avoid empty talk when disputes arise.
3. Careful preparation is essential. Entrepreneurship is a huge project, involving financing, options, location, marketing and many other aspects. Therefore, employees must make careful preparations before starting a business.
Strengthen the basic knowledge in this field through various channels; Choose the right entrepreneurial project according to your actual situation to make a good start for entrepreneurship; Write a detailed business plan, including market opportunity evaluation, profit model analysis, opening crisis response, etc. , and find out the market situation, know yourself and get ready for battle.
Don't abandon untested ideas. If you do business with this idea, you should also pay attention to the possible traps. Ask yourself: Do you have to make great efforts to promote your products or services? Do you have enough financial resources, skills, manpower and business connections? Look for the wrong potential customers-you don't have to waste time on those who have no decision-making ability.
4. Make full use of relevant policies. Government departments have many policies to encourage entrepreneurship, encouraging and supporting college students' entrepreneurship. When starting a business, we must pay attention to "making full use of" these policies, such as tax exemption and preferential tax rates for enterprises registered in a certain place compared with other regions. These policies can greatly reduce the initial cost and risk of starting a business.
5, the way to do business, with the plan as the head. All commercial activities, on the surface, seem to be commercial activities that only deal with materials, but in essence, in today's "brain-eating era", commercial activities have essentially become an intellectual competition between people, an "intellectual game" of "wits and courage", and it is between people. Therefore, as the ancient military strategist said, "Tactics come first", so do tactics in business. In the face of unprecedented fierce market competition, if you want to find your own foothold and breakthrough point, stand firm, survive, benefit and grow, then the first thing to consider is how to use your business wisdom to formulate a comprehensive, systematic, executable, operable and effective business strategy and implementation plan, so as to ensure that every battle will be successful and invincible.
6. When making mistakes, don't be too sensitive to them. Your mistake will have direct consequences. For example, sending the wrong goods may cause a customer to break up with you immediately. As an entrepreneur, you should be careful when taking risks. Don't be too sensitive when you make a mistake. Accept the facts and learn from them.
7. Don't be carried away by victory: Your first success depends on your good creativity, good timing, good luck and good business relations. However, all this may leave you at any time. So, don't be too confident, invest too much money and get yourself into a quagmire.
Fourth, the entrepreneurial team
(A) the role of the team
In the process of starting a business, having a good talent team is an indispensable factor. Entrepreneurship is like tug-of-war, unity is strength, and Taishan is the top; Entrepreneurship is like dragon boat racing. Only by keeping pace and being impartial can we win the championship. "First-class talents and second-class projects are better than first-class projects and second-class talents" is the motto of venture capitalists.
(2) Introduction of entrepreneurs and talents
In the early stage of individual entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs either start their own entrepreneurial road alone or cooperate with a few friends to form a team for common development. However, in 85% of individual entrepreneurial failure cases, single-handed entrepreneurship is easy to be shot down because of weak strength, and collective cooperative entrepreneurial teams are often disintegrated because of internal contradictions and frictions and uneven distribution of interests. How can cooperation among entrepreneurs avoid such problems?
1. Establish a new concept of talents in the new century: establish the concept that talents are the first resource and talents are "socialized". The idea of marketization of talent allocation, the idea of talent "price", the idea of increasing investment in talent resource development, the idea of talent mechanism competition and so on. People-oriented: "People-oriented, respect and attach importance to talents."
2. From the perspective of the knowledge structure of entrepreneurial talents, entrepreneurial talents should not only have professional knowledge of flagship products and fist projects, but also have knowledge of enterprise management and law. With the shift of entrepreneurial focus, it is necessary to update knowledge and make timely and scientific adjustments. Otherwise, it will easily become the bottleneck of the entrepreneurial process.
3. From the perspective of the ability structure of entrepreneurial talents, entrepreneurial talents should not only have the ability to manage enterprises, contact with society and communicate with users, research, innovation and learning, but also have the ability to analyze and understand the world or national economic development trends.
(3) the boss and employees
In the early stage of individual entrepreneurship, we must have the consciousness of "doing things in groups". The term "doing things in groups" here refers to the fact that business leaders find some like-minded partners to cooperate and start development, and at the same time make clear and uncontroversial profit distribution.
As a boss, the most important responsibility is to boost morale, appoint people on their merits and know how to do their duties well. The boss who haggles over every ounce always kills the number of employees until they are worthless, thinking that such employees will not leave because of inferiority. It should be noted that how can a worthless employee suddenly become a flying employee! Therefore, in hiring employees and daily management, our boss might as well be generous to employees, because the boss's role is to boost morale and enhance employees' self-confidence.
With a high salary, you naturally have high morale and good confidence. As for how to do it, employees naturally have a way and don't have to worry about the boss. Moreover, we should also pay attention to integrity for internal employees. If the promise to internal employees is not fulfilled, it is easy to dampen the enthusiasm of employees. Let every employee devote himself to his work, which is the main work content of managers; Let everyone play a role and let them clearly feel the important role they play. This is the secret of management and leadership!
"When the river is full, it will dry up when it is gone." This is a complementary relationship. According to the laws of nature, the water of a big river comes from a small river, which has no water, so it is impossible for a big river to have water. The small river does not supply water to the big river, but depends on the big river to supply water, and the big river will be killed sooner or later. In an enterprise, the enterprise is like a big river, and employees are like a small river. If every employee can become a flowing river, then the river of the enterprise will never dry up.
Five, the success of entrepreneurship
If a person wants to succeed, he must find what he wants to do most, and of course what he is most capable of, so that he can be full of energy and succeed easily every day. The key to success is opportunity: small success depends on hard work, and great success depends on opportunity; If an entrepreneur wants to succeed, he must have four main conditions: first, he must have the spirit of adventure; Second, he should have the end of perseverance; Third, he must have a little luck; Fourth, he must deal with difficult customers and how to deal with the government. It is also essential, and sometimes it will get twice the result with half the effort.
Generally speaking, successful enterprises focus on a certain field and a certain product, adopt a specialization strategy, take a specialization and refinement route, and produce distinctive products. This requires enterprises to objectively analyze the market demand, subdivide the demand at different levels according to the different characteristics of a certain product market demand, and then choose which grade of products to enter according to their own characteristics, and at the same time pay attention to the needs of customers and do their own products well, including product performance, packaging taste and so on.
Generally, successful enterprises have the characteristics of small scale, flexible operation and strong innovation, so controlling scale, avoiding risks and giving full play to the characteristics of small and flexible enterprises to flexibly manage their own products are their own ways of success. Under the market conditions, it is also very important to maintain the innovation of technology and organizational structure, that is, the organizational form of enterprises.
Generally, successful enterprises have strong integrity, so integrity strategy is also an important part of entrepreneurial success. This includes not only being honest with customers, suppliers, agents and other outsiders, but also paying attention to credibility when doing business. If you have a good reputation, you can win business, and brand hard customers will take the initiative to come to your door.
There is also a win-win situation with partners. On one occasion, Li Ka-shing was invited to give a speech at Sun Yat-sen University, and college students asked him the secret of doing business. Li Ka-shing said that he had no secrets in business. If there is any secret, it is "I cooperate with people. If it is normal to earn 10% and it is appropriate to earn 1 1%, then I only take 9%, so my partners are more and more all over the world. "
And vice versa? There are some "monopoly" bosses in our management team, which will inevitably lead to the loss of partners. As a member of the joining team, we must understand that only * * * wins is a win, and only a mutually beneficial relationship will last. Only by surpassing ourselves in emotion and benefit and sharing more benefits with others can we achieve greater "monopoly chain business".
Mr. Guo Ce, general manager and chief career consultant of Beijing Hongwei Management Consulting Co., Ltd., kindly reminded:
Entrepreneurship needs a good attitude: not grasping new opportunities and opportunities, insisting or sticking to them blindly may not really be an eternal truth. Every lamb who loses his way in the workplace should give full play to his subjective initiative, seize the opportunity of shopping malls and earn a better tomorrow for himself.
In the early days of starting a business, I had a particularly good mentality. After sowing seeds, wait patiently for them to sprout, come out and grow leaves. This kind of waiting is painful and requires patience. I always want to have a look at the seeds before they germinate. If I don't wait until the growing season, I want to harvest them. If I watch this, I will change it to that. As a result, I have nothing. Doing business is the same as being a man. When we encounter difficulties and suffer from waiting, we tell ourselves: don't be afraid, as long as we work hard, we will get better! If you have a good attitude, the career you create will go along the development track.
I hope every entrepreneur can work hard and travel freely in the ocean where opportunities and risks coexist!
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