Second, master and accumulate 12 common content words in classical Chinese: "teacher, preach, Tao, accept, confuse, base, saint, fool, group, foot, attack and classics"; Learn two classical Chinese function words "Zhi, Qi"; Learning and reviewing other words in classical Chinese; Recite the words "accept (grant)" and "no".
Third, learn the conative usage of nouns and adjectives.
Fourth, learn the demonstration method of positive and negative contrast.
Fifth, master the stylistic knowledge about Shuo.
1. Pronunciation of words with multiple tones or similar characters (see courseware)
2. Find out the disyllabic words synthesized in the text:
Literati's Sentence Reading and Six Arts
3. Point out the ancient and modern meanings of the following words.
Ancient scholars ancient times: people who study today: people with specialized knowledge.
I don't know the past when I read a sentence: Where does the sentence stop today? Reading words makes sounds.
Primary school and great legacy: the small aspect of learning today: primary school
4. Discuss the meaning and usage of key words in classical Chinese.
(1) division
It appears 26 times in the text, and its meaning and usage are as follows:
(1) as a noun, there are three situations.
As a "teacher", a scholar who tells ancient stories must have a teacher.
Be a "technical person", a person who talks about the skills of witch doctors and musicians.
As a surname, Confucius is said to be a teacher ... Shi Xiang.
(2) As a verb, there are three situations.
Give a lecture on "learning and imitation"
My teacher is also a teacher ("teacher", verb-object relationship)
Witch doctors are skilled musicians, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.
On "Learning from Teachers"
Either a teacher or not.
Teacher's way has been passed down for a long time ("teacher's way" is biased)
Take "take ... take ... take ... take ...
(2)
It appears 25 times in the text, and its usage is as follows:
(1) as a pronoun, there are two situations.
Refers to the person or thing that chooses teachers and teaches them.
Connective attributives and headwords represent a unified relationship, which is equivalent to "this" and "these"
The perpetrators of malnutrition
Witch doctors, musicians and workers
(2) As auxiliary words, there are four situations.
An ancient scholar put it between the attribute and the head word.
Putting it between the subject and the predicate abolished the independence of the sentence, and we can see that it is gone.
It means that the prepositional object is ignorant of sentence reading.
It is meaningless to fill in syllables after verbs, adjectives or words that indicate time.
The six arts are handed down from generation to generation, and they are all connected.
(3) There are three situations in the texts learned before.
As a pronoun, it means that you will be born with sorrow.
As an auxiliary word, it means that the worm has no claws after the attribute.
As verbs, "to" and "to" the South China Sea I long for.
(3) it
There are 17 times in the text, and the usage is as follows:
(1) as a pronoun, there are four situations.
Be the subject in the subject-predicate phrase
Born before me, he heard that his husband was before me (him)
If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand (those)
Re-refers to that, as the main body of ancient saints, their people (they) are far away.
Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road (him)
As an attribute, I don't know that their years were born on me (them).
(2) As modal adverbs, there are two situations.
Guess that saints are sacred ... all for this (probably).
Sadly, today's wisdom is out of reach, and it can be accused and longed for (how much)
Step 5: small paragraph
Write a paragraph, point out the central argument and sub-arguments of this article, and fill in the following form:
Yi Duan
A general discussion on the necessity of learning from teachers and the criteria for selecting teachers.
Central argument: ancient scholars must have teachers (no expensive, no cheap, no long, no little, the existence of Tao, the existence of teachers)
Second, criticize the bad social atmosphere that the scholar-officials were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time.
Argument: the teacher's teaching has been passed down for too long, and it is too difficult to be indifferent to others.
Third, use specific facts to further clarify who can be a teacher.
Sub-argument: saints are impermanent teachers
Fourth, explain the reasons for writing this article.
Conclusion: Call for reverse learning.
1. unlimited time; 2. You can take the ancient road. Take care of the above two points
7. Learn the conative usage of nouns and adjectives.
Confident usage refers to the flexible use of nouns or adjectives as verbs. Adjectives are the most common, followed by nouns, and a few verbs indicate psychological activities. Oral usage translated into modern Chinese, the basic format is:
Name, form (verb)+object = take+ object +as+ name, form (verb), for example:
The term "I am a teacher" refers to ...
The adjective "fishermen are very different" is singular.
Witch doctors are skilled musicians, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.
Verb is ashamed to be a teacher.
Eight, read the text aloud.
Read the correct pronunciation, sentences and intonation.
Nine, homework
1. Use notes to understand words and phrases and read the text.
3. Preview thinking questions:
(l) How does this article discuss the central argument?
(2) In the second paragraph, how does the author use the method of positive and negative contrast?
Second teaching time
Teaching essentials
First, the model law; Second, language features; Third, reference significance;
teaching process
First, preview the examination.
Second, learn the text (combined with understanding the key words and difficult words in classical Chinese).
Students try to translate the discussion, and the teacher pays attention.
1. What method does this article use to demonstrate the central argument?
(1) First paragraph analysis:
How does the author preliminarily demonstrate the general argument in theory?
The first layer: cut to the chase and put forward the central argument: ancient scholars must have teachers.
"Ancient" refers to people who studied before the Han Dynasty, and "scholar" refers to people with specialized knowledge, which is different from what is said today. The author wants to preach teachings like "ancient scholars", so he put it forward at the beginning of the article. "There must be a teacher", which attributes the achievements and expertise of scholars to the results of learning from teachers. This sentence not only plays an important role, but also covers the whole text and summarizes the content and scope to be discussed, which has become the central argument of this paper.
The second layer: a positive overview of teachers' functions: preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts.
"A teacher, therefore, was taught by others", and the word "so" in the sentence is two monosyllabic words. "Suo" is a pronoun and "Yi" is a preposition, which constitutes the object-object phrase of "Aesop", but it is customary to use these two words upside down. "Suo" means "teacher", which is translated as "he" and "Yi" is translated as "reliance". Teachers rely on him to impart truth, teach research and explain difficult problems. Sentences in the Tao, including
The Confucian way of "benevolence" and "righteousness", that is, the political, philosophical, ethical, cultural and educational thoughts of Confucianism; Karma is the following "Six Arts Classics"; Confusion is a difficult problem in the above-mentioned "Tao" and "karma"
The third layer: the negative argument that no teacher can solve the puzzle, theoretically expounds the necessity of following the teacher.
The fourth layer: the criteria for selecting teachers are put forward positively: those who hear the Tao first can be teachers.
In the preceding clause, the word "I" is used in compound sentence, and the word "one" in the sentence is used as the conjunction "if" in the hypothetical relationship. In the last clause, use anti-clean sentences to emphasize the tone. "Does Fu Yong know that his years were born in me?" The words "brave" and "Hu" in the sentence indicate rhetorical tone, and "knowing" means "managing and checking". Who cares if they are older than me or younger than me?
The fifth layer: summarize the above and put forward the principle of learning from teachers. Nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is long, nothing is short, Tao exists, and teacher exists.
"Wu" is a conditional conjunction "regardless" and "existence", and it is a nominal structure, which is translated as "… place". In the sentence, "the existence of Tao" is the subject and "the existence of teacher" is the predicate. No matter (status) or age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist. "Here, the author expressed the progressive thought that he is not ashamed to ask questions and can teach people.
2. Analyze the second paragraph:
What does this paragraph have to do with the first paragraph?
Based on the first paragraph, this passage criticized the bad atmosphere that local doctors were ashamed to follow the teacher at that time; By criticizing the disadvantages of the times and demonstrating the viewpoint put forward in the first paragraph from the opposite side, the necessity of learning from teachers is explained.
(2) What kind of argumentation method is used in this article?
This passage adopts the method of positive and negative comparison:
The first layer: put forward a sub-argument: the teacher's way is not long! It's hard to be confused!
"Tao" of "learning from Tao" refers to fashion; Two "yes" in the sentence indicate a pause.
The second layer: in view of the current disadvantages, the crux of "not following the teacher" is analyzed from three aspects.
Let's make a comparison between "modern people" and "ancient saints":
There are two parts of speech of "four saints" and "four fools": one is an adjective, which means "sage" or "ignorance"; One is a noun, meaning "sage" or "fool". "Is it all for this?" It's a rhetorical sentence, and "this" means "learn from the teacher or not"
In this set of longitudinal comparisons, the author uses a rhetorical period to explain the reasons for not talking to the teacher.
Then compare "choosing a teacher for my son" and "being ashamed of teachers":
The "book" in "Gift Book" refers to writing and writing; "Reading sentences" means breaking sentences. "I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I still don't know, I still don't know" is the writing method of subject-predicate "harmony", so it should be matched when translating: some people don't know how to break sentences, so they ask the teacher; Some people can't solve the problem, but they don't ask the teacher for advice.
In this set of contradictory comparisons, the author comments on the performance of not following the teacher and directly denies it.
Finally, compare "a witch doctor is a musician with various skills" and "a scholar-bureaucrat":
"Tao", which is close to "Tao", refers to morality and learning; "Zu" is an adverb of degree, which means "enough" and "extraordinary". "Very strange and admirable" is an exclamatory sentence with an ironic tone.
In this set of horizontal comparisons, the author describes the words and deeds of not following the teacher, and sends out strong feelings in a sarcastic tone.
This paragraph adopts the method of positive and negative comparison. Teachers guide students to summarize and ask students to fill in the following table:
3. Analyze the third paragraph:
What is the relationship between the third paragraph and the first paragraph?
This paragraph is a positive argument, using historical examples to demonstrate the argument in the first paragraph.
The first layer: put forward the sub-argument: saints are impermanent teachers.
The second layer: demonstrate with Confucius' words and deeds. The author gives an example of Confucius inviting an official to visit Changhong, learning the piano from a teacher, and asking for gifts from the elderly. The "three" in Confucius' speech should be understood as three people: one is self, the other is good and the other is evil, while "I" can learn from its good and change its evil. Only in this way can the explanation reflect the vigilance of the aphorism. Finally, the author infers from the case of Confucius that "a younger brother need not be inferior to a teacher, but should specialize in his skills".
4. Analyze the fourth paragraph:
Why does the author praise Li Pan?
The author's praise of Li Pan is not only an affirmation of his disobedience, but also a powerful criticism of the literati's "disobedience"; It not only criticizes the disadvantages of the times, but also advocates learning from teachers by praising Li Pan.
"Ancient prose" refers to pre-Qin prose. The word "Yu" is equivalent to "Bei". "Write the world and make it", in which "Yi" is now called "Li" and "Yi" is between the two verbs, which is equivalent to "Lai" as a conjunction.
This passage points out the reason why the author wrote Shi Shuo, sets an example of "not being bound by time" and "being able to be an ancient road", and summarizes the full text. At the same time, "regardless of time" to take care of the second paragraph, "can do the ancient road" to take care of the third paragraph
2. What are the linguistic features of this article?
(1) The combination of whole sentences and scattered sentences.
Neat even sentences and flexible loose sentences are used alternately, which is natural and patchy. For example, the second paragraph: "Ancient sages were far away from others, so they still asked questions from teachers." "Today people are far away from sages, so they are ashamed to learn from teachers." Then, "because of this, saints are good for saints, and fools are stupid." A saint is holy and a fool is stupid "is a casual remark. In this long prose sentence, "saints are good for saints, fools are stupid" and "saints are saints, fools are stupid" are exclusive sentences.
(2) One meaning, multiple sentence patterns.
In the second paragraph, three comparisons were used in succession, and the conclusion was that the bad atmosphere of criticizing scholar-officials for not paying attention to teachers' morality was aggravated, but the tone of each sentence was aggravated. The first sentence, "That's why saints are holy and fools are stupid", has a rhetorical tone; The second sentence, "I didn't see it clearly in primary school", was negatively blamed; The third sentence, "Witch doctor is a skilled musician, and a gentleman is contemptuous, but now his wisdom is beyond his reach, and he can be soft in his responsibility", with ironic tone and strong feelings.
(3) The use of true figures of speech.
To be honest, use the word at the end of the last sentence as the beginning of the next sentence, so that the last sentence is connected end to end and the next sentence is handed in. This paper uses this rhetorical device in several places, such as "ancient scholars must have teachers." Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. "
3. This article talks a lot about learning from teachers, which ones are useful for us today? What embodies the author's feudal consciousness?
The author first put forward the responsibility of teachers, which is both general and comprehensive; The author emphasizes that we should learn from teachers, be a competent teacher, be ashamed to ask questions, respect teachers, reward students for learning, etc., which still has reference significance today. But the "Tao" mentioned by the author is the way for Confucianism to maintain feudal rule, and the "karma" mentioned by the author is
(1) Understand the artistic features such as vivid metaphor, rich and magnificent imagination, bold and peculiar exaggeration and their functions in highlighting the theme.
(2) Know the characteristics of Fu. Knowing the writing characteristics of this article, it is ready for discussion and adds depth to the description.
(3) Understand the evils of feudal rulers, such as arrogance, extravagance and disregard for people's lives. Understand the cause of death of Qin and the purpose of the author's book to satirize the present.
Second, the difficulties and key analysis
(1) What is the background and purpose of the author's writing this article?
Analysis: To answer this question, please refer to the self-reading tips. "A Fang Gong Fu" was written in the Yuan Dynasty of Bao Li, Jing Zong, Emperor Taizong, that is, in 825 AD, Du Mu said in "Intimate Articles": "Bao Li has a big palace, so she calls herself" A Fang Gong Fu ". Tang Jingzong Li Zhan 16 years old succeeded to the throne. He was lustful and lustful, built a lot of buildings, indulged in extravagant feasts, ignored state affairs, and visited strangers, hoping to get the immortal elixir. Therefore, he was killed by eunuch Liu Keming after three years in office. The author foresaw the dangerous situation in the Tang Dynasty, and used this poem to write that the state of Qin was profligate, greedy and extravagant, wasting people's money and eventually dying. In fact, he used Qin's story to satirize the current affairs of the Tang Dynasty, and advised the rulers of the Tang Dynasty to learn from the past, not to mourn but not to follow, and finally ended up with the result that "future generations mourned but did not follow". "
(2) What is the structural level of this article?
Analysis: Four paragraphs can be divided into two parts.
The first part (paragraphs 1 and 2) describes the magnificent and luxurious Epang Palace from the outside to the inside, from pavilions to people's activities, where life is extremely extravagant.
Paragraph 1: Epang Palace is resplendent and luxurious.
Two even sentences on the first floor (12) explain the huge cost behind the construction of the palace.
The second floor ("Overpressure") ... "Straight to Xianyang") is about the grand scale of the palace.
The third floor ("The Second Biography was dissolved" ... "I don't know the West and the East") renders the palace grand, luxurious, magnificent and spectacular.
On the fourth floor ("singing platform is very warm" ... "uneven climate"), people in the palace are active.
The second paragraph: Describe the debauchery and luxury of the ruler's life.
The first floor (the first six sentences) is the source of imperial secretary's pleasure.
On the second floor ("Starry Yingying" ... "Thirty-six Years of Shame"), it is extremely written that life in the palace is decadent and extravagant.
On the third floor (the rest of the sentence), we write about debauchery from jewelry display, revealing robbery.
The second part (the third and fourth paragraphs) discusses and analyzes, pointing out that "Qin loves luxury and does not cherish people's resources, which will naturally lead to the fate of extinction, and exhorts not to repeat the mistakes of the Qin Dynasty.
The third paragraph: Point out the fate that Qin will die.
The first floor (almost ... "Use it like sand") denounces the crimes of the rulers of Qin who only care about their own interests and ignore the people's feelings, extortion and extravagance.
On the second floor ("the pillar of the negative building" ...... "Dare to speak and dare to be angry"), the first emperor was denounced for his extravagance, so that many people ran counter to it.
The third layer (the rest of the sentences) succinctly wrote that the Qin emperor had no way, which led to peasant uprising, burning down the palace and then embarking on the road of self-destruction.
The fourth paragraph: satirize Li Zhan, king of the Tang Dynasty, not to repeat the mistakes of Qin Shihuang.
The first layer (from the beginning to "whoever gets it will destroy the nation") draws lessons from history and points out the reasons for the demise of the Six Kingdoms and the Qin Dynasty.
The second floor (the remaining sentence) satirizes the Tang Dynasty not to repeat the tragedy.
(3) Du Mu advocated: "Everything is based on meaning, supplemented by qi, and guarded by colorful badges." He emphasized the importance of ideological content and thought that form should serve the content. What is written in this text? What is the author's intention?
Analysis: After reading the full text carefully, it is not difficult to see that the author aims to summarize the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty. 1 section lays out the grandeur of Epang Palace. The second paragraph describes the beauty of the palace and many treasures. In the third paragraph, it is pointed out that it is precisely because the rulers of Qin dynasty were arrogant and extravagant and abused the people's power that the peasants in Qin dynasty revolted and perished. The fourth paragraph turns to the discussion, further pointing out that the fundamental reason for the decline and fall of the six countries and the death of Qin was that they could not love the people. At the end of the article, the four sentences are concise, implying irony and admonition, and implicitly warning future generations that if they do not take history as a mirror, they will repeat the same mistakes.
It can be seen that summing up the historical lessons of Qin's death to admonish "future generations" is the theme of this paper. We can see that this "descendant" refers to the supreme ruler at that time, which is related to what Du Mu himself said in "Intimate Articles".
(4) What aspects does the text attempt to describe Epang Palace? How does this description affect the expression center?
Analysis: The text describes Epang Palace from three aspects: one is to write about the wonders of Epang Palace, the other is to write about the beauty of Epang Palace, and the third is to write about the richness of Epang Palace's treasures. When writing architecture, the text begins with a broad and lofty panorama, and then describes in detail the wonders of the palace, such as buildings, pavilions, corridors, eaves, long bridges, karaoke bars, dance halls and so on; Write beautiful women, describe their origins, describe their gfd, describe their beauty, tell their worries, draw vivid pictures and prepare for rendering; Writing about treasures means that the six countries plundered mountains, and the Qin people abandoned them as our shoes and regarded them as rubble. These descriptions are brilliant and colorful, fully demonstrating the characteristics of Fu style. However, it is not the author's purpose to show the scale, palaces, beauties and treasures of Epang Palace. Through a tower, a palace and a picture of a golden jade, the author aims to show that the extravagance and corruption of the rulers of the Qin Dynasty have reached an unbounded level. In order to maintain this luxurious life, exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees were the root cause of the collapse of the Qin Dynasty. At the end of the article, the general comment said: "The majestic Afang described in the above picture is not because it envies its luxury, but because it is arrogant and resentful, the people are not bitter, and there are people who don't love the six countries." It can be seen that the touching description in the front of the article provides a solid foundation for the macro discussion of justice in the back and the summary of the historical lessons and realistic satire of Qin's demise at the end of the article.
(5) The author only used 100 words in his magnificent description of Epang Palace, but it left a vivid impression on readers. From what angles did the author describe the architecture of Epang Palace? Why is there great artistic appeal?
Analysis: In this part, the author adopts a combination of overall writing and detailed writing.
In the general writing part, the author splashed ink and freehand brushwork, and sketched it with a thick pen. "Covering an area of more than 300 Li" means that it covers a wide area and "covers the sky and the sun". It is a castle. The sentence "Mount Li" is written to lean against mountains and waters, with extraordinary momentum.
In the detail part, the author pays great attention to meticulous painting. First, write about architecture, pavilions, cloisters and high eaves, countless; Then the long bridge is like a dragon, and the complex road is like a rainbow to set off the majesty of the palace and the height of the pavilion. As mentioned above, only the appearance of the building is written. Then, the author's brush strokes go deep into the interior of the building. Singing on the stage and jumping off the stage is an intertextual writing. Both the stage and the temple can dance, which shows that the palace is full of light singing and dancing. "In one day, there are palaces, but the climate is uneven" followed by "warm sound" and "cold shirt", which further describes the grand occasion of palace singing and dancing from people's subjective feelings. These words not only set off many palaces with the complexity of singing and dancing, but also paved the way for the following beautiful women to flood the palaces.
In this section, the author introduces the wonders of Epang Palace from far to near, from the outside to the inside. There are wonderful strokes in the narrative. For example, writing about the pavilion's "local situation" is related to the background of "Lishan Mountain breaks in the north and goes straight into Xianyang". There are apt and vivid metaphors in the narrative, such as "the long bridge lies in the waves and the road is empty", which is both economical and vivid. There are also dynamic descriptions in the narrative, such as writing "Biography", writing songs and dances, and writing sounds and sounds, which are fascinating. Coupled with the use of a large number of dual parallelism sentences, the syllables of the sentences are powerful and have beautiful phonology. Thus, in hundreds of dozens of words, the majestic posture of Epang Palace is displayed in front of readers.
(6) What rhetorical devices are used in the four sentences such as "Starry Yingying" in the second paragraph? What are the advantages of writing like this?
Analysis: "Xing Yingying" and "Kaihua makeup mirror" are inverted metaphors. "Starry Yingying" is a metaphor, and "civilized makeup mirror" is the noumenon. The contrast between the shining stars and the cosmetic mirrors opened one after another is both appropriate and vivid. Putting the vehicle in front gives a vivid picture first, and then the ontology explains the reasons, leaving a deeper impression on the readers, which is surprising. "The disturbance of Lv Yun, combing the small joys" is similar to the expression in the previous sentence. In the third sentence, it is said that throwing away fat water bored Liu Wei, and it is exaggerated to say that there are many beautiful women to freshen up. In the fourth sentence, it is exaggerated to write that burning pepper orchids causes smoke and fog, and the effect is the same as that in the third sentence. Four-word equivalence, rhyme, fresh metaphor and ingenious exaggeration make people see things in a blur. It is with the help of life details such as opening mirrors, combing hair, abandoning fat water and burning pepper orchids that the author vividly wrote the number of beautiful women in the palace and the breadth of the palace. Writing a palace is to undertake the above; To write beauty is to open the following paragraph. Therefore, the author went on to write about beauty and hope for luck. This floor is all about beautiful women, but from the life experience of beautiful women, we can also see the extravagance of Qin Shihuang. Many works of Da Fu in Han Dynasty were spread out and piled up by themselves. Du Mu, on the other hand, gave full play to the advantages of Fu, deliberately exaggerating, but all the descriptions were for the later discussion and served to express the theme. It can be seen from the description of beauty in this section.
(7) The author wrote "Epang Palace Fu" in order to summarize the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty and satirize the state affairs. But why did you write that Epang Palace was burned, but said that "the Chu people were burned and the earth was burned"? What thoughts and feelings did the author reveal here?
Analysis: "Pity" means "worthy of pity" in modern Chinese, but in classical Chinese, besides explaining "worthy of pity", it also means cute and pitiful. The "pity" here is interpreted as "pity". The author uses these two words to fill the lines with infinite emotions. The Qin dynasty, once a world power, collapsed under the impact of the peasant uprising and soon perished; Epang Palace, which covers an area of more than 300 miles, was also reduced to ashes in a fire. The historical facts of the rapid demise of the Qin dynasty show that it is difficult to love the people and seek long-term stability. However, at that time, the rulers of the Tang Dynasty ignored the historical lessons, indulged in debauchery, expanded the palace, and lived a life above the accumulated salary, still thinking that they were safe. History ups and downs, stirring the chest; Seeing the reality, I was filled with emotion. Unfortunately, the magical and magnificent Epang Palace was set on fire. Unfortunately, the once glorious Qin Dynasty was destroyed. The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future Unexpectedly, today's people are behind Qin people. Isn't the fate of the Tang Dynasty worrying? The author's anxiety and anger are beyond words. Cifu is different from essays, and it is not straightforward in many places. You need to think carefully when reading to understand the author's intention.
(8) The language of the article is concise and rich in meaning. For example.
Analysis: This article is extraordinary from the beginning. The editorial comment of China's View on Ancient Literature is: "Start with four languages. It is really surprising and gratifying that all the words after the reunification of the first emperor have been written. " The first two sentences are about the demise of the six countries and the unification of the whole country by Qin. The seemingly general narrative is actually the following context: Why are the "Six Kings" "finished"? Why can "four seas" be "one"? What is the key to death and prosperity? After reading the whole article, you will know that it is here that the author began to sum up historical lessons. The last two sentences say that Epang Palace was built after all the trees in Shushan were cut down, and that the construction project is huge and contains deeper and wider social content. Li Bai has a poem that says: the Tao is one foot high, and the devil is one foot high. The author did not elaborate on how much manpower, material resources, difficulties and obstacles are needed to cut down the trees in Shushan and transport them to Guanzhong, but the reader can imagine. To build such a magnificent palace, logging and transporting wood is just a project. Shortly after the unification of the world, this kind of abuse of people's power will inevitably lead to serious consequences, which the author has hinted at. "Excessive enthusiasm" and "extravagance and waste" are the reasons for bringing disaster. The first four sentences are not only grand, but also profound and intriguing. From the linguistic point of view, the antithesis of each other rhymes (all rhymes), and the tone is quick and powerful, which is really "abrupt and gratifying".
It is not uncommon for words to be concise and profound. For example, in the second paragraph, the Qin people spend money like water, and the words "jingling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles" are used to form four metaphors. On the one hand, it is profligate, on the other hand, it must be searched. The narrative here also laid the foundation for the following discussion. The author's hammering and sentence refining refer to some things, which should be deeply understood and studied seriously.
(9) Since Du Mu wrote this fu in order to summarize the historical lessons of the demise of the Qin Dynasty and satirize the current abuses, why did he start with the demise of the Six Kingdoms?
Analysis: The author satirizes the current disadvantages, taking the demise of the Qin Dynasty as a reference; Write about the downfall of the Qin dynasty, paving the way for the decline of the six countries. Why did the six countries perish? Fu said, "If the six countries are destroyed, the six countries will love each other." . It can be seen that the demise of the six countries is the result of not loving the people. How can we see that the six countries do not love the people? "The collection of Yan and Zhao, the rule of Han and Wei, the elite of Qi and Chu, plundered their people for generations, relying on mountains and rivers." "Qin Zhibao" (synonymous with wealth) comes from six countries; The treasure of the six countries is taken from the people. In order to meet the needs of luxury life, the rulers plundered the people and spared no expense. The "six kings" ended their rule because they did not love the people; If the State of Qin learns a lesson and "cherishes the people of the six countries" again, it will not perish soon. However, "Shu, one side destroyed it", so the Qin Dynasty embarked on the old road of the destruction of the six countries. The word Qian 12 not only leads to the construction of Epang Palace in a broad historical background, but also plays a role in covering the whole story and suggesting the theme.
(10) Briefly compare the similarities and differences in writing between Afanggong Fu, Six Kingdoms Theory and Guo Qin Theory and this article.
Analysis: Cifu is a style between poetry and prose, so it is more literary, and it pays more attention to the use of literary techniques such as description, elaboration and exaggeration in writing. Therefore, the first three sections of A Fu are not limited to the concrete "truth", but use imagination and association to describe the extravagance and debauchery of Qin. Strictly speaking, Qin Theory and Six Kingdoms Theory should be a kind of historical theory, which should be based on history, so we should concentrate more pen and ink to state and record relevant historical facts, and then put forward our own views on the basis of historical facts.
Third, the teaching process design
(1) Solve the problem.
This content is mainly made by teachers. The specific process is as follows: 1. Name the students to solve problems according to the self-reading tips and notes; After the students solve the problem, the teacher supplements it and then looks at the model; Finally, the requirements and steps of self-reading are announced.
Problem solving supplement:
Du Mu is not only an outstanding poet in the late Tang Dynasty, but also a master of "Fu" and ancient prose. In poetry, he is called "Xiao Du", which distinguishes him from Du Fu's "Lao Du" and is called "Du Xiaoli" with Li Shangyin. There are many works about current affairs in his ancient prose, such as "the combination of vertical and horizontal, broad and profound, cutting into the world" (Catalogue of Siku Quanshu). He also made outstanding contributions to the development of Fu style. With the rise of the ancient prose movement in the Tang and Song Dynasties, some literati wrote prose in the form of ancient prose, which was called "Wen Fu" to distinguish it from the "parallel prose" in the Six Dynasties and the "legal prose" used by the examiners in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu's A Gong Fang Fu is one of them, which has always been regarded as the embryonic form of "literary Fu".