There are a lot of equipment needed to rob a tomb, and they are indispensable. The common equipment is the underground metal detector, which is used to detect underground metals. This instrument is very professional. It can detect underground metals and underground cavities, and distinguish nonferrous metals and ferrous metals respectively. Quantity, size and range can be displayed. Metal detector was originally used by the army to detect mines, and now it has become a widely used safety equipment. Metal detectors are used as security equipment in airports, government buildings, important buildings and Olympic venues. In addition, decoration workers and municipal construction workers will also use it to detect cables and pipes underground or in walls. The principle of metal detector has been introduced in this site, so I won't go into details here. For the grave robbery industry, there is no doubt about the role of metal detectors, because a large number of metal objects may be buried in tombs. In recent years, most robbery gangs have this kind of equipment. In the case of grave robbery in Taiping Town, Shaoguan, which was detected on 200 1, the grave robbery group headed by Zhu Defeng used metal detectors as tools for grave robbery. At that time, metal detectors were rarely used in other fields except airports in China, which shows that the scientific and technological concept of criminal gangs is new. Interestingly, metal detectors have now become the symbolic equipment of grave robbers. In 2008, a white-collar worker in Beijing lost his wedding ring while traveling, so he bought a metal detector to look for it near Xianyang, and was regarded as a grave robber by the local police, which later proved to be a misunderstanding. At 200 1, a group of grave robbers near Jixian asked around where there was a detector and were caught by the police. These people are really stupid. As the preferred equipment for grave robbers, metal detectors are listed by Bowen as the first of the eight high-tech weapons for grave robbers. Luoyang shovel is the oldest professional equipment for grave robbery. Luoyang shovel, also known as exploratory shovel, is an archaeological tool and a semi-cylindrical shovel. A section of ash pole with an extendable handle. When in use, poke the ground vertically downward, take out the underground soil with a semi-cylindrical shovel, and gradually dig a deep well with a diameter of about 10 cm to detect the soil quality of the underground soil layer, so as to know whether there is an ancient tomb underground. When grave robbers go to the grave, they should light the oil lamp and enter the grave. Once the oil lamp goes out, it means that this place is dangerous and should be evacuated immediately. According to knowledge of nature, we know that lamps need oxygen to burn. If the underground oxygen content is not enough, the lights will naturally go out. This is a means for ancient grave robbers to protect themselves, but this means can only determine whether the oxygen content is low enough to be fatal, but not whether there are other harmful gases in the air. If there are flammable and explosive gases such as biogas and gas in the tomb, it is undoubtedly suicide to light a lamp to go in. Modern technology is enough to help grave robbers solve this problem. Thanks to the progress of electronic technology, the volume of harmful gas analyzer has been small enough to be held by hand, and it often has the function of oxygen content analysis. This equipment can effectively detect underground methane, carbon monoxide, chlorine and other gases harmful to human body, and even directly display the contents of various gases on the screen, so that grave robbers know the danger of the tomb like the palm of their hand. At present, most gas analysis instruments on the market are designed by using Beer's law (the amount of absorbed light is proportional to the number of molecules in the light path that produce light absorption) and the principle that gas selectively absorbs infrared rays. Simply put, it is to analyze which gases exist in underground space and whether they are harmful to human body by using the reflectivity and attenuation rate under visible light or infrared radiation. Because gas analyzers are widely used in underground operations and municipal underground engineering maintenance and construction, the unit price of such equipment is very low, and there are many brands to choose from, so they are easy to be bought by grave robbers. For grave robbers, complex spectrum display function is not needed, but high reliability and portability are needed. Modern grave robbers don't take oil lamps into ancient tombs to die, so they need a new kind of lighting equipment as underground excavation equipment. The lighting system needed by grave robbers is close to that needed for underground work. It needs long lighting time, high brightness, good resistance to rough use, and must be illuminated in an environment full of explosive gases such as non-explosive gases. Only the more expensive industrial outdoor lighting system can meet the needs of grave robbers, and ordinary household emergency lights or flashlights are not enough. In order to enjoy the wealth brought by grave robbery, tasteful grave robbers generally don't buy a flashlight for tens of dollars. With the development of high-power LED technology, Tomb Raider Group has almost perfect underground lighting equipment. LED lighting equipment is characterized by high brightness and low energy consumption. Take the 9450 outdoor lighting system of American Pelican Company as an example. The system can continuously illuminate for 9 hours when fully charged, and the brightness is as high as 1280 lumens, which is enough to meet the time demand of underground operation. However, LED light source has poor color reproduction ability and weak penetration in dust and fog environment. Working under LED illumination for a long time, people's eyes are prone to fatigue and stinging, and it is difficult to distinguish the original color of objects. Therefore, grave robbers often need other lighting equipment as a supplement. Xenon searchlight is an ideal auxiliary light source. Xenon has a stronger energy-saving effect than ordinary halogen lamps. Moreover, the emitted light source has low color temperature and strong color reproduction ability, and its penetration in dusty and dense fog environment far exceeds that of LED light source, which is very suitable for the first group of grave robbers who explore holes. Generally speaking, in order to facilitate the movement, grave robbers will use xenon searchlights of headlight type as lighting equipment. Although headlamps designed for outdoor mountaineering are very easy to buy, outdoor headlamps may cause catacombs in gas environment due to different needs of outdoor sports. In order to prevent illegal excavation, there are always facilities such as roads and mazes. And because it has been buried for many years, there may be all kinds of dangerous gases, poisonous insects, hidden weapons and so on. In order to avoid rushing in and losing their lives, tasteful grave robbers will use small robots to explore the road in advance. In 2002, the pyramid rover robot designed and manufactured by American scientists showed the great application of this equipment in the grave robbery industry in front of the whole world. The robot explored the Queen's Tomb in the pyramid of khufu, the largest in Egypt, on Nantong Road, which was broadcast live by the National Geographic magazine channel to the global audience via satellite. Obviously, this kind of robot is of great significance to the grave robbery industry. It can take the dangerous gas detector and wireless camera into the open grave first, find out the situation inside, and make sure there is no danger before the grave robbers enter. With the development of electronic technology, the threshold and cost of manufacturing small walking robots are getting lower and lower. Anyone with a primary level of electronic design can easily make a robot that can be used for grave robbery by using the parts purchased in the electronic wholesale market. In addition to walking robots, the remote controller can also be used as a tool to steal small and medium-sized treasures from graves. Grave robbers don't need to dig enough holes for one person to pass through, but only need a small hole to take away the jewels and other small treasures in the ancient tomb, which is very convenient. Explosion. Professional grave robbers often use headlights used by underground workers such as firefighters or mineral oil, and such equipment has international certification of explosion protection, which is the guarantee of grave robbers' lives. Grave robbing is not archaeology. In order to avoid being caught by the police, the grave robbers must finish the grave robbing work in the shortest time. Both manual excavation and mechanical excavation are not as fast as direct blasting. Directional blasting has become a very important operation mode in this industry. The most notorious grave robber in modern China is Sun Dianying, a warlord of the Republic of China. In order to improve his salary, he ordered his men to rob the tomb of Cixi. His grave robbery had a great influence on modern history. In order to rob the tomb quickly, Sun Dianying took directional blasting and directly ordered the engineers to blast the tomb of Cixi. The principle of directional blasting is that according to the law that the high temperature and high pressure gas produced by explosive explosion must rush out along the minimum resistance line, the natural terrain conditions and chamber structure are used to control, so that the broken medium can be thrown and piled up at a fixed point. Simply put, it can concentrate the explosion force in a certain direction, but it is basically harmless outside that direction. The advantage of directional blasting is that it can complete the required work with less explosives, avoid the damage to the surrounding environment, reduce the probability of accidental injury and control the explosion scale. Modern grave robbers, after all, can't compare with Sun Dianying, who fights with open flames, so they are more cautious when using directional blasting technology. They usually use Luoyang shovel to explore the hole before blasting. When blasting, it is ideal that there is engineering construction nearby, so that the sound of underground explosion is easily mistaken for the noise during construction by nearby residents. In 2004, in the case of tomb robbery at Jiuliandun Ancient Tombs in Zaoyang, Xiangfan, Hubei Province, residents nearby reported hearing a muffled sound and thought it was a shooting at the nearby Xiaoxiang Expressway construction site. There are also grave robbers who resort to blitzkrieg. In the robbery case of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei Province in 2005, the robbers used speedboats combined with directional blasting. They looted the ancient tomb immediately after blasting and then fled by speedboat. At that time, there were archaeological activities of cultural relics units nearby, but because the other party moved too fast after discovering the grave robbers, the fishing boats hired by cultural relics units were much slower than speedboats and could not intercept the pursuit. Directional blasting has done great damage to ancient tombs, and this means of robbing tombs is extremely harmful to society, so it is also the key target of public security departments. In recent years, it is not news that aerial photography is used for archaeological discoveries. International archaeologists used aerial photography combined with satellite images to conduct archaeological research on the site of Angkor Wat and found many new situations. It is nothing new for grave robbers to use aerial photos to analyze the location of graves. Climbing high and looking far is the crystallization of China's classical wisdom. Observing the terrain in the air, it is easy to find ancient tombs that cannot be found on the ground.