Draught is not a scribble, but a matter of course. We should pay attention to certain methods and strategies, promote them in stages and implement them in an orderly manner. Drawing can be done in an orderly way: write an outline at both ends and fill in the details with emphasis.
Step 1: Draw the outline. This is the first step in making a good draft. Outline is to turn ideas into words and establish the basic framework of the article. The outline is like a drawing of a building. It is necessary to write a practical outline to ensure the smooth implementation of the draft, not to be at a loss, and to avoid the randomness of the draft, so as to improve the efficiency of the composition. The outline is not comprehensive, but the outline and simplification of clues. Write an outline. How to write?
2. Writing a composition The original intention of writing a composition is to write or draw a first draft. Writing a composition is the same as being a man, but it cannot be generalized. In this world, some things need to be drafted, but some things must not be drafted.
I. Review issues
1. About the method and scope of the examination.
The dictionary meaning of "draft" has been clearly explained in the prompt materials, that is, "homework is like this, so is being a man" in the prompt materials of "writing or drawing the first draft" undoubtedly gives us a way to examine the topic: this proposition can be written with real items or imaginary items. In the tip, "life is alive, some things need to be drafted, but some things must not be drafted", suggesting that the scope of examination should be defined as doing things for people.
2. About the steps of the exam.
According to the prompt, this proposition can be written truthfully, which is also in line with our actual situation as students. In quite a few cases, we have to draft our homework. But if it is really written, the connotation and theme of the article will appear superficial and narrow. In short, if you really write a proposition, it is difficult for the article to shine, and it is also difficult to write emotional thickness and ideological depth.
Therefore, the first step in examining questions should be the application of the technique of "combining the virtual with the real, turning the virtual into the real".
Although "draft" is a verb-object phrase, it is inseparable in grasping and explaining its meaning. We should take "manuscript" as a complete proverb to understand its meaning as a whole, and use the method of "turning reality into emptiness" to deduce its abstract meaning, that is, figurative meaning and symbolic meaning. The specific meaning of metaphor or symbol must be combined with the situation created by words to be clear.
The prompt says "some things should be drafted, but some things should never be drafted", from which we can draw three writing angles: the angle of drafting; Angle that can't be drawn; The angle of drafting and not drafting. The first two angles are single, and the latter involves both positive and negative aspects, which need to be compared and discussed with dialectical thinking. Therefore, the second step in the examination is to think clearly and distinguish which ones need to be drafted and which ones don't.
3. About the meaning of the topic.
Once combined with the specific writing situation, "drafting" and "not drafting" have rich and varied metaphors and symbolic meanings. The metaphorical and symbolic meanings cannot be completely enumerated here, but the specific meanings of "drafting" and "not drafting" are explained from two aspects: "being a man" and "doing things".
From the perspective of "being a man", we can determine the following ideas:
(1) Being a man needs a "draft". Only by reading can you improve your knowledge and strengthen your self-cultivation through introspection can you become a person with elegant taste and rich connotation.
(2) People can't "draft" and people are not static.
3. How to draft a composition? Students generally need to draft a composition first.
The new curriculum standard of junior middle school Chinese clearly requires the consciousness of independent writing, and attention should be paid to collecting materials, conceiving, drafting an outline, modifying and processing in the writing process. Drafting is based on collecting materials in the early stage, conceiving ideas and then drafting an outline. An excellent composition can be revised only after it has been drafted.
In fact, when writing a composition, many students often don't pay attention to the draft and jot it down after a little thinking, so it is difficult to write a satisfactory composition. To write a good composition, you might as well start with a draft. It is necessary to know that sharpening the knife does not mistake the woodcutter, especially in the ordinary composition training, and to develop the good habit of writing and correcting the composition.
Dragging a draft is not a scribble, but a matter of course. We should pay attention to certain methods and strategies, promote them in stages and implement them in an orderly manner. Drafting can be done step by step: outline and write two details to fill in the details.
Step 1: Make an outline. This is the first step in making a good draft.
Outline is to turn ideas into words and establish the basic framework of the article. An outline is like a drawing of a building. Only by writing a practical outline can we ensure the smooth implementation of drafting, avoid being at a loss and avoid the randomness of drafting, thus improving the efficiency of composition.
I don't want to write an outline, but I want to get an outline and simplify the clues. When writing an outline, you must briefly answer two questions: what to write? How to write? Step 2: Write both ends.
After making an outline, you can enter the implementation stage of drafting. When making a draft, you might as well write the two ends of the article first, that is, the beginning and end of the article.
From the point of view of critics or writers, the beginning and the end are very important links. Putting it in a striking place at the beginning of the article is like setting the tone for music. Whether it is successful or not directly affects the gain and loss of the whole composition.
The hardest part is actually in the beginning Writing at the beginning is easy to lead to the following, and then it is logical to do it in one go. Writing a good beginning is the first highlight of the composition, and creating a beautiful ending is the perfect ending of the composition.
A happy ending should be the finishing touch, don't gild the lily. In fact, reviewers pay great attention to or are used to reading both ends of the composition first, and then reading the main part in the middle of the composition.
Even the success of the beginning and the end determines whether the reviewer has the patience to read it. Step 3: Detailed points.
The main part is the key part of the draft, striving for rich content and full image. When drafting the draft, you might as well carefully create a key paragraph. Which case do you think is the most typical, convincing and highlights the theme? Focus on this paragraph and write a few more words in detail.
Write the key paragraphs with strong colors, and then spread them out to complete the layout of the main part of the composition. Step 4: Fill in the details.
The third step is drafting. It should be said that the basic pattern of the composition has been formed and the basic skeleton has been constructed. The fourth step can be said to be detailed engineering. On the one hand, supplement the detailed description and improve the ins and outs of the incident. By supplementing the detailed description of the characters' appearance, language, movements, psychology and demeanor, the characters' images are richer and their personality characteristics are more distinct. On the other hand, write corresponding paragraphs (sentences) before and after the article, and strive to give consideration to both before and after, and make the transition natural.
According to the above four steps, a prototype composition with complete structure and rich details will be presented, which will lay the foundation for further revision of the composition.
4. How to write a draft composition How to cultivate students' observation ability I often hear some middle school students say, "I am afraid of writing, and I have a headache when I start writing. I always feel that there is nothing to write. "
Some simply said, "I really don't know what to write and where to start." Some students handed in their compositions, but when they read them carefully, they just perfunctory a few words at the beginning and then ended hastily.
The content is vague and general, and I don't know what to say. In view of these situations, I often encourage students to write with a pen and write when they can speak.
If you want to have something to say, you should pay attention to the people and things around you and avoid making things up behind closed doors. Due to the lack of observation and analysis of things around me, I feel that I have nothing to say and can't write.
What is observation? The so-called observation is to see with your eyes. We should "observe from a distance" and "observe from a distance", pay attention to everything, always pay attention to it, and form a habit.
Mo Bosang, a French writer who is known as the king of short stories in the world, once worshipped Flaubert, a famous writer at that time. One day, he sat in his room and told Flaubert his own story.
Flaubert said, "I advise you not to be busy writing these empty things." You ride a bike outside every day and record everything you see on the road accurately and carefully. " So Mo Bosang realized that Flaubert had taught him the basic skills of observing life with his eyes, knowing life and practicing observation.
From then on, he spent a year or so, went out to observe every day, and finally wrote the novel "Point to Heart" and became a world-famous novelist. Later, when summing up his own creative experience, Mo Bosang said, "Observe what you want to express for a long time, so as to find the features that others have not found and written.
In everything, there are undiscovered things ... "Mr. Lu Xun once said:" We should pay attention to all kinds of things, read more books, and write without seeing anything. "This is a summary of Lu Xun's long-term creative experience.
It can be seen that if you want to write a good article, you must pay attention to observing things and improve your observation ability. But how can we attract students' attention to the things around them? Here I want to talk about two points: to stimulate students' interest in observation. Psychologists believe that there is no learning without motivation, and motivation is the premise of learning.
For composition teaching, teachers should be good at stimulating students' writing desire, mobilizing students' writing enthusiasm and changing passivity into initiative. High school students have a strong ability to distinguish right from wrong, and they often have a strong desire to express themselves.
Teachers should firmly grasp this desire and guide them to write excellent articles. The syllabus has clear provisions on the composition teaching of all grades, which requires a planned and step-by-step implementation in the classroom.
Classroom composition, specifically, students are constrained by various aspects, which often appears passive, but it is essential. To this end, I have always adopted a "two-pronged" approach in composition teaching: on the one hand, I arrange necessary compositions in class, on the other hand, I arrange a certain amount of extracurricular writing exercises.
Last year, for example, I took over two classes in Grade One. In addition to the two-week big composition, I require each student to write at least one short article every week, make random checks every other week and make comments. Writing a composition is to give students full freedom: freedom of material selection, freedom of proposition, freedom of style and freedom of words.
Only write about the people or things you are most familiar with, interested in and impressed by. It can be discussed, lyrical, narrative and arbitrary.
It is not an exaggeration to spread thousands of words; It's not too few to drop dozens of words: long words, short words, write as much as you want, and stop at will. This unconsciously cultivates students' interest and ability to observe things.
The content they wrote was relatively simple at first, and gradually, their observation horizons were constantly expanding, and they were far away from the trivial things around them, writing about society and writing about life. The content is getting richer and richer: class life and turmoil, family joys and sorrows, social experiences, etc., really big to the universe, small to the self.
A student often observes the campus carefully, from scenery to people, from people to things, and writes one, two or three articles on campus life in succession ... In the composition, I see the students' writing desire and get the students' observation interest caused by their creative enthusiasm. Not only is there something to write, but it is also more real and closer to life.
Over the past year or so, remarkable results have been achieved. Many students talked about the experience of writing a composition and agreed that the requirement of writing a composition prompted them to observe and think.
Some said, "I have to keep my eyes open every day and look for it all my life." Some said, "Because of the need to write a composition, I have been observing and listening at home, in the car and at school ..." Students in both classes have completed the task of writing three compositions a week, and because of their interest in things around them, many people consciously write more and develop the habit of keeping a diary.
At the same time, in the classroom composition teaching, I also consciously stimulate students' interest in observation. For example, I arranged an essay "Remembering one of the most familiar classmates in this class", asking everyone to take a classmate in the class as the description object, grasp its appearance characteristics to describe and portray it, and see who observes it carefully and writes like it.
Moreover, most students can grasp the characteristics of the characters written in the residence. For another example, after I finished making cloisonne, I arranged an essay on "Making * * Cuisine" to arouse students' interest in observation.
As a result, students' interest was mobilized and their creative enthusiasm was stimulated, and they wrote one practical excellent work after another. In short, in order for students to write good articles, we must first practice the basic skills of observation.
The method of guiding students to observe not only stimulates students' interest in observation, but also guides students how to observe and how to observe. I once told a story to my students: a jeweler in ancient Persia was good at doing business. When he sells gold and silver jewelry, he often stares at customers and his business is very prosperous.
Others wanted to explore the mystery, but he kept his mouth shut until his death. He taught this trick to his only son: "Stare at each other's eyes, no, to be precise, stare at each other's pupils, which will not lie." If the sparkle of a diamond ring expands the pupil of the other party, you can boldly increase the original price by 30% or more; If a necklace can't make the other person's pupil wide open, you can change it immediately ... In short, stare at the other person's pupil! " Of course, the business class taught by this jeweler is not what we want to learn.
5. Kneeling: How to write a composition is to write the composition you want to write on a draft paper, and then modify it yourself, or ask teachers, classmates and parents to help you modify it, and then copy it into the composition book.
If it is an outline, it is to divide the part to be written in the composition into several large pieces, such as remembering one thing:
1, cause of incident: ............
2. What happened ....................
3. What was the result? .....................................
This is my understanding.
6. Q: You have to draft the composition, or you can't write it. Well, that's not a disadvantage, is it? All that comes out carefully are good things (true). But it is more troublesome for the exam. I'll give you a suggestion, but it's just a family opinion. If not, forget it.
When you take the exam, you can make an outline first (that is, a concise draft, you can Baidu if you don't know), so that your thoughts will be smooth; Usually accumulate more and read more books. You'd better prepare an excerpt. If you are lazy, read carefully and don't waste too long. )。 In this way, the level of using words to make sentences will be improved (as the saying goes, I have never eaten pork or seen a pig run); Then, practice more at ordinary times, write some sentences or fragments first, and then write a composition when you feel comfortable. If you really can't do it, remember what you usually spend a lot of time writing (what you write should be easier to remember), and change it a little before moving it to paper during the exam (not recommended, but if there is really no way, do it. )。
Well, finally, I wish you can improve your composition. Come on ~:-)