In the Jin (Nuzhen), Yuan (Mongolia) and Ming Dynasties, people's desire for the precious jewel-Dongzhu was increasing day by day, and there were endless records about Nuzhen's pearl picking and offering in history. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, in order to make peace with Mongolia, Di Chin dedicated all his rare Oriental Pearl to Genghis Khan. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing emperor Nurhachi presented Dongzhu to paralyze the Ming court and was greatly rewarded. The rise and fall of the world's rare treasure, the Oriental Pearl, can be described as the lament of future generations.
According to historical records, in the last years of Liao Dynasty, Emperor Tianzuo lived in luxury and hunted excessively. In order to satisfy their greedy desires to the greatest extent, the Khitan nobles endlessly asked the Nuzhen tribe for precious products such as Dongzhu, Haidongqing and Zimingke. What's more, when Emperor Liao went hunting in winter and spring, he forced Jurchen to brave the cold, cut ice in the water and pick mussels and pearls, so that many Jurchen died tragically in the river.
The greed and cruelty of Liao rulers aroused the deep-rooted hatred of Nuzhen. In AD 1 1 14, Akuta, the leader of the Jurchen Department, rose up and rebelled against Liao. After 1 1 year's war, the Liao Empire, which once dominated East Asia and threatened Central Asia, completely collapsed and became a new military power in East Asia.
In A.D. 1644, the Qing regime began to rule all of China, and then the Qing Empire with the widest territory in the history of China was established. Dongzhu, which is produced in Longxing, is even more prominent at this time. Because the Qing people thought that pearls were produced in Lingnan and Beihai, they didn't know that the color of the Oriental Pearl was more expensive if it was lighter than gold, so the Qing court regarded the Oriental Pearl as a special ornament for the royal family and nobles, "ranking by how many points".
Due to the need of imperial prestige, the scale of capturing Dongzhu in Heilongjiang River Basin is growing. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), the Qing court appointed Buthora as the general manager, which means Manchu, fishing and hunting, and killing livestock. Wula means mountain peak. Yamen became a full-time organization to collect and capture products such as winter bamboo, sable, mandarin fish, ginseng, honey and pine nuts for the court.
Among them, pearl picking is the most important work of this institution. To this end, a pearl picking organization was established. According to their ownership, all the tributes of the Three Flags (two yellow flags and white flags) Pearl Pavilion were handed over to the court, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs was responsible for the assessment of rewards and punishments; Those who set up the Pearl Pavilion with five flags will pay their tributes to the kings, Baylor, Beizi and other governments, which will be managed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Whenever the river opens at the beginning of the year, it is the pearl picking season, and the soldiers from Zhu Xuan are led by the general manager and the deputy team leader to set sail by boat. According to their predetermined route, pearl mussels were collected from the upper reaches of Songhua River in the south, Yin, Samsung and Aihui in Changbai Mountain in the north, Ningguta, Hunchun and Mudanjiang in the east.
According to the report, "it is not easy to get a pearl every time", and it is often said that "it is not easy to count a clam in the river, and it is impossible to make a boat by gathering a clam." Due to indiscriminate mining and fishing, the resources of the East Pearl River in Heilongjiang Basin are shrinking rapidly. After the Yongzheng dynasty, although "occasionally, the particles are extremely small and useless." Even so, the scale of official pearl mining continues to expand. In the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1767), there were 65 pearl pavilions in Bukavula, each with 30 soldiers. After Xianfeng dynasty, Russian forces invaded. Mainly in the period of Xuan Tong, with the collapse of the Qing government and the occupation of the three northeastern provinces by Japanese invaders, looting intensified. Dongzhu resources are increasingly exhausted, and Dongzhu mining and catching industry, which has a thousand-year history in Heilongjiang basin, has finally gradually disappeared.