Tornado crossing the border, once beautiful villages were razed to the ground; Floods hit and brick farmhouses collapsed ... Since the beginning of this year, extreme weather has damaged many houses. Besides civil assistance and social assistance, can commercial insurance help those who return home to rebuild their homes after the disaster? Do the insurance products on the market meet the actual demand? Why is the home insurance market in China always tepid?
Is the level of protection adequate?
The existing types of residential insurance look "dazzling", but the market is still blank, and many houses are still "three no matter"
Lao Wei, who works in Beijing, is very concerned about family insurance recently. Before he came to Beijing, he had just built a new house in his hometown in Henan. "The floods in the south are quite scary. My house is next to the reservoir, and the roof is not as high as the dam. My heart is really not practical. " He told reporters, I wonder if there is any insurance suitable for his house?
We might as well do a simple combing of the domestic home insurance system first:
Insurance companies generally have pure commercial insurance for houses. Over the years, various insurance companies have taken home property insurance as the main insurance, and packaged and sold decoration insurance and indoor property insurance as additional insurance. Generally, this kind of insurance does not cover flood losses, and a few of them cover earthquake losses. The requirements must be steel structure housing, with a deductible of 20%. For example, the "family property comprehensive insurance" launched by a company pays more than 100 yuan per year, and can get compensation of more than 300,000 yuan including house loss, decoration loss and theft loss, including 200,000 yuan for house loss protection.
In recent years, the policy of subsidizing insurance premiums by local finance has also appeared frequently.
For example, the rural family insurance against local extreme weather was first piloted by Fujian Province to cover typhoon losses. The government subsidizes part or all of the insurance premium, and each household is given compensation ranging from 1000 yuan to 10000 yuan according to the damage degree of the house. In recent years, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Jiangsu and other places have carried out the project of unified protection of rural houses to benefit the people, ensuring continuous "upgrading". 20 15 The unified insurance amount for rural houses in mountainous areas and reservoir areas of Anhui Province has risen to 300,000, covering all rain disasters and wind disasters.
Another example is the pilot project of flood catastrophe insurance in Ningbo, and 20 14 was established. The municipal finance invests 38 million yuan every year to buy from PICC in China, providing compensation for the personal and property losses caused by typhoons, rainstorms and floods of urban and rural residents and immigrants in this city. If typhoon and flood cause residents' houses to be flooded by more than 20 cm, and more than one house collapses or the roof is lifted by more than 1/2, compensation can be obtained, and the maximum compensation for each house can be 2000 yuan per year. During the passage of Typhoon Chanhong on 20 15, most of more than 50,000 families in Ningbo were compensated.
Another example is the rural earthquake insurance pilot in Dali, Yunnan. The premium is fully borne by the provincial, state and county governments, and five companies, including Chengtai Property Insurance, set up insurance bodies to provide protection for rural housing losses caused by earthquakes of magnitude 5 or above. In May this year, an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 occurred in Yunlong County, Dali Prefecture. More than 6,500 houses collapsed and were damaged. The earthquake insurance company paid 28 million yuan and distributed it to households according to the degree of loss.
On July 1 day, the earthquake catastrophe insurance for urban and rural residents was newly released. This catastrophe insurance product is insured by residents at their own expense. Under the supervision of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, it is underwritten by 45 insurance companies, providing protection for losses caused by destructive earthquake vibration and tsunami, fire, volcanic eruption, explosion, subsidence, ground fissures, mudslides, landslides, dammed lakes and dam breaks caused by floods. Among them, the minimum living allowance for steel structure residence is 50,000 yuan, and the annual premium is 12 yuan; The maximum insured amount is 6,543,800 yuan, and the annual premium is paid in 240 yuan. Brick-wood house, minimum living allowance of 20,000 yuan, annual premium of 24 yuan; The maximum insured amount is 654.38 million yuan, and the annual premium is 120 yuan.
However, the existing residential insurance looks "dazzling", but it is still not suitable for Lao Wei. "There is no unified insurance policy for rural houses in our hometown. The property insurance of commercial insurance companies does not cover brick and wood houses, and the national unified catastrophe insurance does not cover floods. You see, it is still' three no matter' and there is no way to insure. " Lao Wei said.
Experts pointed out that at present, the domestic home insurance market is "multi-faceted", and the basic idea is "policy insurance covers the basic and commercial insurance covers the whole", but there are overlaps and gaps in various systems and types of insurance liabilities. On the whole, it can not meet the housing security needs of residents with "full insurance".
Why doesn't the market buy it?
The rate of home insurance is inconsistent with the current situation of housing prices, and the terms are "unified". "Northwest residents, who is willing to pay for the risk of' typhoon'?"
In the United States, Japan and Europe, residential insurance is almost one of the necessary insurances for households. In China, accident insurance and auto insurance have penetrated into thousands of households, but relatively few people pay attention to family property insurance. Why?
-High housing prices lead to high insurance premiums in home insurance.
"My house is worth about 6,543,800 yuan at the market price. At present, most companies only give the maximum amount of insurance to 5 million yuan; No earthquake liability, the annual premium is about 600 yuan; Plus the premium for earthquake liability insurance is about 2,000 yuan. " Ms. Xu, a resident of Chaoyang District, Beijing, believes that her house is a reinforced concrete structure and will not be seriously damaged except for the earthquake. Destructive earthquakes are highly unlikely events. Therefore, she pays more than 2,000 yuan in premium every year, and can only compensate 1/2 of the house value. She didn't want to.
-people's insurance concept is not in place.
Kevin Z, director of the Department of Risk Management and Insurance of Peking University University of Economics, believes that people are unwilling to buy insurance for their houses, on the one hand, they lack understanding of risks. On the other hand, in the past, the government played a leading role in post-disaster relief, highlighting the advantages of institutional guarantee of "one party is in trouble and all parties support", but diluting the attraction of market-oriented guarantee.
-The product itself is defective.
"Policy insurance has a narrow coverage and a low insured amount; Commercial insurance does not cover catastrophe and refuses to protect brick and wood houses; Indoor property does not include gold and silver, jewelry, jewelry, securities and other property that cannot be valued. In addition, there are many exemption clauses, and the application procedures for claims are complicated, which blocks many customers with guaranteed needs. " Hao, dean of the School of Insurance of the Central University of Finance and Economics, said.
Kevin Z pointed out that the biggest problem of domestic commercial home insurance is that the terms are "unified" and the rate is set on the low side. "Northwest residents, who is willing to pay for the risk of' typhoon'?"
The "earthquake catastrophe insurance for urban and rural residents" insured by 45 companies also faces the problem of regional risk differences. In this regard, He Chen, general manager of PICC Property & Casualty Department in China, said that in the future, according to the risk data provided by Seismological Bureau, a province will set a price, and different regions in the same province will have different rates.
The data shows that although the domestic insurance industry has maintained a double-digit growth rate for many years, the property insurance market covering home insurance has not improved. In 20 14 years, the property insurance premium income of six companies, including Ping An Property Insurance, Huatai Property Insurance and Anbang Insurance, did not reach 1% of all business premium income, of which the highest was 0.53% and the lowest was only 0.02%. There is still a long way to go before Jiabao can become bigger.
"1998 After the flood in the south, the income of family property insurance premium of an insurance company in Jiangsu Province increased several times in the following year." Zhu Minglai, a professor at the School of Insurance of Nankai University, believes that policy-based unified insurance covers all risk points. Although the degree of protection is not high, it is a pioneering work of commercial insurance to improve residents' understanding of the function of housing insurance. "Insurance companies cooperate with the government to carry out insurance policy business, which not only enhances brand awareness, but also obtains core data such as seismic coefficient of houses, which is more effective for the industry. In the past, the industry was afraid of catastrophe, and its enthusiasm for home insurance was not high; Now that the catastrophe risk has a mechanism of industry guarantee and financial support, it is necessary to increase investment in talents and research and development for non-catastrophe risks, make up for the shortcomings of products and services, and come up with products that satisfy consumers. " Zhu Ming said.
How can the "safety lock" be stronger?
It is necessary to enforce some types of housing insurance, from construction to use, so that insurance can always participate in risk management.
Experts believe that home insurance should become a necessity in the risk arrangement plan of residents' families.
In addition to natural and man-made disasters, the house itself also has the problem of "shelf life".
After the reform and opening up, a number of houses have been built in many places. However, at that time, the market economy had just started, the standard system could not keep up with the construction speed, and the quality of construction projects was not satisfactory due to factors such as technology and capital.
(The above answers were published on 20 16-07- 18. Please refer to the actual situation for the current purchase policy. )
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