In modern society, color design plays a role in more and more fields. From urban architecture to daily life, color is everywhere, and color is the first factor that affects the senses. When people observe objects, the visual nerve responds to colors the fastest, which is accompanied by the activities of other sensory organs and the brain, thus producing comprehensive perception and consciousness. Color affects people's lives quietly and affects people's mood subtly, so it is very important to design colors correctly in many fields. This paper will discuss the rational application of color perceptual tendency in interior design.
When people use colors, they should not only rely on objective scientific knowledge, but also combine impressions, memories, associations, symbols, experiences and traditional habits to achieve the best color effect. The subjective feeling beyond these objective understandings is the perceptual tendency to color, which mainly includes the following aspects.
First of all, color affects physiological functions.
Different colors will cause different physiological reactions. Hungarian scientists have done experiments. They introduced blindfolded subjects into red, yellow and blue rooms respectively. As a result, after the subjects opened their eyes in the room, their pulse rates were "fast, normal and slow" respectively. As we all know, the color system can be roughly divided into two types: cold color system and warm color system. Long wavelength red light, orange light and yellow light give people a warm feeling. On the contrary, violet light, blue light and green light with shorter wavelengths give people the feeling of being cold. Cold colors and warm colors not only give people different feelings in temperature, but also bring some other feelings, such as weight, humidity, advance and retreat, etc. The physiological reaction caused by color does not come from physical reality, but is related to human visual and psychological association.
Second, color affects psychological function.
Kandinsky pointed out in On the Spirit of Art: "Generally speaking, color directly affects the spirit. Colors are like keys, eyes are like hammers, mind is like a piano full of strings, and artists are the hands playing the piano. It plays the keys purposefully, which makes people's spirit have all kinds of waves and repercussions. " People live in the world of color and have accumulated a lot of color vision experience. When the perceptual experience echoes the external color stimulus, it will trigger some emotions in people's minds, which is the perceptual tendency of color. Different colors can make people have different emotions and associations. For example, red gives people the feeling of enthusiasm, danger, vitality, joy and anger. Blue makes people feel calm, long-lasting, rational and fresh.
Third, the emotional expression function of color
Since color can affect people's physiology and psychology, different colors must have different emotional expressions, so we must carefully consider and choose according to the situation when using it. For example, red is a traditional color in China, which means auspiciousness, happiness and warmth. Therefore, the interior design colors of wedding ceremonies, holiday feasts and other festive places are mainly red, and it is forbidden to use solemn colors such as black and cyan. Whether in China or in the west, the color of the bride's wedding dress is white, because white symbolizes purity, and the traditional red dress is also a common dress in Chinese weddings; However, the interior design color of funeral places is just the opposite, and there must be no bright colors of warm colors such as red, otherwise it is disrespectful.
The emotional expression function of color is as follows.
1. Different people have different emotional needs for colors.
When planning the color of indoor space, we should fully consider the age, occupation, education, preferences and other specific conditions of the target population, and summarize the contents of users:
Keywords: wearing black gauze to remember the dead, mourning halls are generally decorated with white flowers and black gauze. In addition, different religions have different color symbols. Take yellow as an example. In Buddhism, yellow means humility and transcendence. In Christianity, yellow was once the color of Judah's clothes, so it has the symbolic meaning of meanness and betrayal. In interior design, we should respect the national customs and religious beliefs of space users and make full market research on the use of colors.
4. Different regions and environments have different emotional needs for colors.
Affected by objective factors such as geographical location and climatic conditions, people in different regions generally accept different colors. For example, people in tropical areas prefer strong and changeable colors, while people in cold areas prefer soft and calm colors. In rural areas, people have a soft spot for solid colors and contrasting colors, while in cities, people appreciate harmonious and elegant colors more. As far as the living room is concerned, the choice of indoor color should also be different because of its orientation. Generally speaking, if the doors and windows of the living room face south, sufficient sunshine makes the indoor color warm, so the color of the living room should be cool to balance the feeling of temperature; On the contrary, in a room with doors and windows facing north, warm colors should be used to raise the indoor temperature.
To sum up, only by fully considering the geographical situation, national customs, religious orientation, personality characteristics, age, occupation and life experience of users can we design a space that really meets the needs of customers.
Color can not only change people's visual understanding of known space, but also play its unique role in space. Therefore, we should follow some basic principles when designing indoor space.
First, follow the principle of harmony and unity.
Indoor color design should not be "colorful" and "colorful". Without unified planning, colors are fragmented, which will inevitably lead to the disorder of indoor colors. In interior design, we must first determine the main color tone of indoor colors, and then determine whether to use the same color system, contrast color system or complementary color system. Only after the main color tone is determined can the corresponding auxiliary colors be determined according to different color systems. Generally, a large area of bright color is not suitable for the main color, and a small area of high brightness or purity color can boldly choose the auxiliary color according to the actual situation, which can play the role of finishing touch. Secondly, the sense of balance of indoor colors is also very important. Brightness and area of color can best affect the overall sense of color balance. Generally speaking, colors with high lightness are easy to achieve color balance at the top, and colors with low lightness achieve color balance at the bottom. For example, the ceiling is lighter than the floor, otherwise it is easy to feel oppressive. In addition, the design can consider that the background color is lighter than the main color; The area with high chroma and warm color is smaller than the area with low chroma and cool color. In short, the color of the whole space should be light and heavy, light makeup and heavy decoration, with unified contrast, harmonious rhythm and steady change.
Second, define the space with color.
1. Color can plan space.
It is time-saving, labor-saving, economical and effective to divide different functional areas in the room by color. But one thing should be noted, that is, the color of each area must be coordinated with the overall spatial color of the room, that is, the main color. In addition, the emotional tendency of different colors should be brought into play to assist the better realization of indoor functions. For example, in the dining area, black or colors with too low purity are not suitable choices, because a large area of black will make people feel heavy and depressed, while too turbid colors will give people an unclean feeling. Therefore, the color of the restaurant should be mainly warm tones, orange and milky yellow in the yellow department can increase appetite the most, followed by lemon yellow; The study and office areas require people to remain calm and focused. Therefore, we should not use colors with high lightness and purity, but mainly use soft and soothing colors with low lightness and purity, such as gray, blue and green with low purity or cool tones. Bedroom is the place with the highest requirement for privacy in family residence, and its color selection is based on privacy and quietness. Bright colors make people feel excited, which is not conducive to rest. Therefore, the elegant and steady color with relatively low purity and lightness is the best choice for bedroom color. The most important requirement of the bathroom is cleanliness. It is more appropriate to decorate it with cold colors such as white, light green and light blue to make it feel clean.
2. Color can adjust the space
Through the cold and warm characteristics of color, the viewer has an illusion in vision, thus changing the feeling of space size and height, and also changing the overall atmosphere of space. For example, if you want to make a narrow space spacious, you should use bright and cool colors to enhance the visual sense of the space. Colors with higher lightness and purity can make the space brighter and more active, while colors with lower lightness and purity can make the space quiet and quiet.
Third, make rational use of the physiological and psychological adjustment function of color.
When planning the color of indoor space, we should fully consider the attributes of the people who use the space (including age, personality, cultivation, preferences, etc. ), the difference between space activities and work content, and the difference between the duration and use of personnel activities in space. For example, the color of classrooms, study rooms and other rooms used for long-term study has a great influence on visual function. Therefore, we mainly consider how to reduce visual fatigue and increase the area of indoor green tone, which has a certain eye-catching and refreshing effect; Doctors in some hospitals wear green surgical gowns during surgery because green gives people a hopeful, peaceful and pleasant visual experience, which can play a calming role. Green can not only relieve patients' psychological pressure, but also alleviate their pain. The interior decoration of the hospital or the clothing of medical staff are all light pink and lavender, which can alleviate the cold and pain caused by the hospital and make patients feel warm and humanized.
Fourth, the comprehensive use of indoor colors.
In interior color design, color covers three aspects, namely, wall color (including floor and ceiling, etc. ), the color of furniture (including decorative materials and furniture) and the color effect of lighting are indispensable. Among them, the color effect produced by lighting is often ignored by people. Many people don't realize that cold and warm lighting can completely create the atmosphere you need. The same venue will make people feel different visually and psychologically because of different lighting. Color and lighting have distinct metaphorical functions, and the color effect of lighting will bring people different degrees of optical illusion. For a simple example, the illumination of different color light sources will have a great influence on the color of food, which will cause people's different appetites. The stalls selling meat in the farmers' market illuminate the food with red lights, which will make the meat look fresher and arouse people's appetite. This is the effect of the light.
In addition, the selection of interior decoration materials is also very important. Whether it is furniture, curtains, wall decorations, lamps, etc. We should not only pay attention to their color beauty, but also pay attention to their texture beauty, so we must make overall unified planning when designing. Only in this way, all kinds of elements can be harmonious and unified, complement each other, and colors can really play a role in setting off space, beautifying space and creating space atmosphere.
To sum up, color is like an unpredictable spirit, which makes interior space design interesting and changeable. Color can affect people's feelings, emotions and physical health, and can also give the same space an absolutely different style. Giving full play to the functional characteristics of color and rationally using the perceptual tendency of color in interior design can often achieve unexpected results and create a harmonious and comfortable perfect situation.
References:
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