Guelton Zan was born in Gayu (now Gayu, Gacha County, Shannan District, * * * Autonomous Region). The family inherited the fief in the Gabor area.
After Songzan Gambu succeeded to the throne, he led the Tubo cavalry to conquer most areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and established the dominant position of Tubo in the Plateau.
At the same time, Songzan Gambu sent Guelton Zan and Tunmi Sambuza to Nepal to propose to the King of Guangzhou, hoping to marry Princess Brikutti (Bhrikuti Devi). After three wars of words, circuitous wits and threats to send troops, the King of Guangzhou was forced to marry Bhrikuti Devi to Songzan Gambu.
Gilded bronze statue of Lu Dongzan
In 640 (the fourteenth year of Zhenguan), Songzan Gambu sent Ga 'erdongzan as the envoy, Tunmi Sambuza and Zhise Rugongdun as the deputy envoys to the Tang Dynasty, which successfully promoted the marriage between Tang and Fan and sent Princess Wencheng to Tibet. During Gadongzan's mission to the Tang Dynasty, he was deeply appreciated by Emperor Taizong because of his wit and fickleness. He wants to marry Duan, the granddaughter of Princess Langya, to Dong Zan, and induce him to work for the Tang Dynasty. Guelton praised: "My country has a wife, and my parents hired me, so I can't bear to be kind." Moreover, Zampa politely refused the kindness of Emperor Taizong on the grounds of not paying homage to the princess and accompanying the minister to marry.
In 645 (the 19th year of Zhenguan), when Emperor Taizong returned from Koguryo, Guelton praised Song Zan Gambu for going to Chang 'an to congratulate him, saying that "geese fly faster than your majesty" and "the husband goose still exists, pretending to be a golden goose". Galdon Zan brought a golden goose that was seven feet tall and could hold three bottles of wine, which reflected the close relationship between Fan and Tang Dynasty and the important role played by Galdon Zan.
In 642 (the 16th year of Zhenguan), Guelton conquered Toarey Yang (namely Xiangxiong) and unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for three years.
Mambu, the great Tibetan woman, tied the knot and was reused by Songzan Gambu for conquering Sun Bo. Jealous, minister Joan Bobbins framed and killed Shangnang with a deviant, and succeeded to the throne. Later, Jumbo Bunse invited Songzan Gambo to inspect his fief and tried to kill Zambo. Songzan Gambu ordered Guelton Zan to go to Tibet and settle Zanpa's tooth account. But Guelton Zan discovered the plot and reported it to Songzan Gambu. As a result, Jumbo Bunse was forced to commit suicide, followed by Gaer Dongzan.
Yan's Walking Map
In 650 (the first year of Yonghui), Songzan Gambu died, and his grandson Manszan succeeded to the throne, assisted by Daxiang Guelton Zan. During his reign, Guelton Zan devoted himself to stabilizing the interior of Tubo and carried out a series of institutional reforms. At the same time, it also inherited the foreign expansion policy of Songzan Gambu.
In 652 (the third year of Yonghui), Gadongzan sent troops to conquer Lovo (now Ali area) and Tibet Gasshia (future Tibetan area). In 656 (the first year of the Qing Dynasty), Guelton praised120,000 troops and defeated the Prynne Department. At the same time, in order to avoid the pressure of the Tang Dynasty, Guelton Zan adopted a positive and friendly strategy and courted the Tang Dynasty twice. In 659 (the fourth year of Qing Dynasty), Guelton Zan began a large-scale invasion of Tuguhun in Qinghai Lake.
In 663 (the third year of Longshuo), Tubo was completely destroyed in Tuguhun, and Wang Murong Nuo and Princess Honghua of Heyuan County led the remnants to Liangzhou. At this point, most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is under the rule of Tubo, and there is no political power to compete with it. Since then, Guelton Zan has been living in Tuguhun's hometown, complaining to Tuguhun's old employees and dealing with the aftermath.
In 666 (the first year of Ganfeng), Guelton Zan returned to Luomou City from Tuguhun's hometown, but unfortunately he got sick on the way. In 667, Guelton Zan died of illness in Tugu Hunxibu. After Guelton Zan's death, his sons Zanxiruo and Lunqin Mausoleum successively became ministers, and continued to control the regime and military power of Tubo, and their prestige even surpassed that of Zanpu clan.
In 699 AD (the second year of the Holy Calendar), Chidu Songzamba staged a coup and destroyed the Roentgen Mausoleum. Zanpo, the third son of Ga 'erdongzan, and Ga 'ermangbuzhi, the son of Lunqin Mausoleum (namely Lungongren), led many people and some people to surrender to the Tang Dynasty, taking Lun as their surname and becoming the ancestor of Lun.
Governance Initiative/Gail Donzan
According to mkas-pavi-dgav-ston, Guelton Zan and Dajie Mangbuzhi established the earliest administrative region Ru in Tubo history, and established Kuiben as the chief executive of these regions. Gadongzan was appointed as Kuiben of Tubo.
Lu Dongzan's greatest achievement is to delimit the field boundary and establish the feudal system of Tubo. Since Lu Dongzan demarcated the land boundary, freemen, who used to be the majority, were assigned to land, engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and assumed feudal obligations to the country. From then on, the object of exploitation by the ruling class was mainly farmers and herdsmen, not a few slaves, and Tubo began to enter the feudal society. Lu Dongzan's historic reform may have been influenced by the Han nationality, because the Tang Dynasty implemented the equal land system.
In 653 (the fourth year of Yonghui), Guelton praised the reform of the tax system, formulated the ox leg tax system, and strengthened the management of nomadic tribes who had no fixed place in the Tubo Dynasty. He also sent Dajie Mangbu to collect land tax directly, and appointed Bu Jinzan and Ma Qiong as Xiangxiong branch officers.
In 654 (the fifth year of Yonghui), Guelton Zan conducted a household registration survey in Mong Bucera and established a household registration book system, which provided reliable evidence for recruiting domestic servants, military forces, grain and grass.
In 655 (the sixth year of Yonghui), Gaerdongzan formulated legal provisions and promulgated written laws, which was the first law in Tibetan history.
During the reign of Guelton Zan, although the Tubo army did not shake the Tang Dynasty's rule over the Western Regions, Tubo successfully entered the Western Regions and gained a certain right to speak. Until the Tubo separatist period, there was a Tubo occupied by various forces in the history of Central Asia. At this time, the big food empire continued to expand eastward and captured Tuhuoluo and other places, so the Tang Dynasty, Tubo and big food became the three major forces vying for Central Asia.
Anecdotal allusions/Guelton praise
6. Marriage Trial Ambassador
In 640, Guelton Zan led a marriage proposal delegation to Chang 'an, Tang Dou with a large amount of gold and jewels. Unexpectedly, Tianzhu, Dashi, Zhong Gesar and Wang Ting also sent messengers to propose marriage, hoping to welcome the virtuous Princess Wencheng back to be his concubine. Therefore, Li Shimin was very embarrassed. In order to be fair and reasonable, he decided to let the marriage messengers compete with each other. Whoever wins can welcome the princess. This is the "Six Marriage Attorneys" in history, and the murals depicting this story are well preserved in Jokhang Temple and Potala Palace.
The first attempt: satin wears a zigzag pearl, that is, a soft satin (Han Yu) passes through the zigzag hole of the pearl. At the beginning of the game, due to the powerful influence of Tubo diplomats, I took it first and racked my brains, but I didn't get through several times. Clever Geerdongzan sat under a big tree and thought about it. I stumbled across the profile of a big ant named Guelton Zan, so I had a brainwave and found a silk thread. One end of the silk thread is tied to the ant's waist, and the other end is sewn on the satin. Put honey at one end of the serrated hole and ants at the other end. When ants smell the fragrance of honey, with the help of Guelton Zan's blowing force, they slowly climb out from the other side along the winding hole with silk thread, and satin also passes through the winding pearl with silk thread.
The second test: identify the mother-child relationship between one hundred mares and one hundred foals. The game started, but I saw the wedding envoys take turns to identify each other. Some are scored by total value, some are matched by age, and some are compared by height, but they are all wrong. Finally, it was Guelton's turn to praise, and he got the instructions from the groom. He kept all the mares and foals separately, and only fed the foals without drinking water for a day. The next day, these foals were publicly released into the herd. They were very jealous and soon found their mother to nurse them, so that they could easily identify the relationship between mother and child. Then, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, gave a question to identify the mother-child relationship between 100 chickens and 100 hens. This incident stumped other wedding envoys again, and no one could identify it clearly. Guelton praised Yoshiyama for driving him to the square and scattering a lot of food. As soon as the hen saw the food, she told the chicks to "cough, cough, cough", but most of them came to peck at their mother's neck. But there are still some naughty chicks who don't listen to the call and run around to grab food, so Guelton Zan learned the kite's cry "Qu 92-Qu 92-". When the chicks heard this, they believed it and quickly hid under their mother's wings, and the relationship between the hen and the chicks was confirmed.
The third test: it is stipulated that 100 suitors should drink 100 altar wine, eat 100 sheep and knead the sheepskin in one day. At the beginning of the game, other messengers and followers should not kill the sheep in a hurry, leaving fur and blood all over the ground; Then drink in a big bowl and eat meat. When the meat is not finished, people are as drunk as a fiddler and can't afford to rub the skin. Galdon praised the hundreds of knights who followed him for killing sheep, sipping wine in turn, eating small pieces of meat, rubbing skin while eating and drinking, and digesting while eating. In less than a day, the Tibetan envoys finished drinking the wine, ate all the meat and wiped the skin.
The fourth test: The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty gave the envoy a hundred pieces of pine, so that Guelton could distinguish its roots and buds. Gail then had all the wood transported to the river and thrown into the water. The roots of the wood are slightly heavier and sink into the water, while the tops of the trees are lighter but float on the water. The roots of wood are obvious.
The fifth test: Don't get lost in and out of the Palace at night (it is said that you can still recognize the door in Vientiane Gate in Shi Jing). One night, a big drum suddenly sounded in the palace, and the emperor called messengers from all walks of life to the palace to discuss things. Guelton praised himself as a stranger in Chang 'an. In order not to get lost, he drew the key parts. When they arrived at the palace, the emperor told them to go back immediately to see who wouldn't take the wrong way back to their residence. As a result, Guelton Zan won again with his own pre-made marks.
The sixth test: identify the princess. On this day, Tang Taizong, Li Shimin and other ministers came to the front of the temple and took the exam in person. But I saw 300 (or 500 or 2500) ladies-in-waiting dressed in gorgeous clothes, lined up from the palace in two teams in turn, just like 300 immortals floating through the air, light, chic and handsome, dazzling. None of the other messengers knew or who Princess Wencheng was. Only Gadongzan knows her physical characteristics, because she was instructed by the Han grandmother who served the princess in advance: graceful posture, fair complexion, bright eyes, firm and gentle personality, dice marks on her right cheek, lotus marks on her left cheek, Huang Dan circles on her forehead, white and tender teeth and green mouth. Guelton Zan repeatedly identified the princess, and finally recognized the sixth princess on the left.
After the trial marriage, Emperor Taizong was very happy. He married the beautiful and versatile Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu, the leader of Tubo. Guelton Zan finally completed the welcoming task, which became a much-told story to celebrate the marriage between Tibetan and Chinese for thousands of years.
Historical evaluation/Guelton praise
Galdon Zan
China's classics believe that Tubo can become a powerful country, benefiting from the power of Huguel Dongzan. "Old Tang Book" said: "Although Ga 'erdongzan doesn't know the literature and history records, he is serious in nature, stresses training, is elegant and temperate, combines Tubo with Qiang, dominates the local area, and has many plans." "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty" said: "Ga 'erdongzan is ignorant of books, clear and resolute in nature, and restrained in using troops. Tubo leans on it and becomes a strong country. "
V * * * praised Guelton, saying that "he supported the cause of politics and religion, not only devoted himself to the Tubo king, but also left unforgettable virtues for the Tubo people."
Guelton Zanyu Song and Songzan Gambu made immortal contributions to the Tubo Dynasty. He played an important role in many important historical occasions and was an outstanding politician, strategist and diplomat of Tubo. Songzan Gambu's career has been continued because of him.
Ga 'erdongzan, Tunmi Sambuza, Zhise Rugong Dun and Niang Yong Sangyan Dun were combined as "four sages".
Family member/Gail Donzan
According to the memorabilia of Dunhuang Tubo documents, Guelton Zan had five sons.
The eldest son: Gail Zansidobu (? -685), Chinese literature praised Xiruo, and after Guelton praised it, he talked about Tubo.
Second son: Gail Qinling Zanzhuo (? -698), China literature called Lun Qin Mausoleum, which became the great theory of Tubo after Zanxiruo.
Third son: Gail is praising Zangdun, whose Chinese name is Zanpo.
Fourth son: Gail da Gurisson, whose Chinese name is Dos.
Gozo: Gail Zangunton (? -695), China literature is called Blanzan's Blade.