The once brilliant precious cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan are stored in all kinds of priceless treasures. Such cultural relics are the material and cultural heritage of our country. Let's share the precious cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan for everyone.
Precious Cultural Relics in Yuanmingyuan 1 There are many rare treasures in Yuanmingyuan, ranging from bronze ritual vessels in China in the pre-Qin period to famous painters and painters in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and all kinds of rare treasures. The most precious historical relic is the bronze statue of the animal head of the 12 Zodiac in Yuanmingyuan, which is why China has been looking for it. So far, seven bronze animal heads have been found, and five are still missing.
1, bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac
In Yuanmingyuan, the most famous building is Haiyan Hall, and the essence of this building complex is that the bronze statues of the zodiac are famous for telling the time in water. The animal head is a bronze statue cast in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. It was designed by Lang Shining, a Jesuit priest in China. He used the animal head to represent 24 hours a day, and each bronze statue took turns spraying water, which became a spectacle. 1860, the animal heads of the zodiac were plundered by the British and French allied forces and then scattered around the country.
The heads of cattle, monkeys, tigers, pigs, rats, rabbits and horses have all returned to the motherland. Among them, the bronze statues of pig's head and horse's head were purchased by Mr. Stanley Ho in 2003 and 20 19 respectively, and returned to China. 20 13 On April 26th, the French Pino family announced that they would donate rat heads and rabbit heads to China for free. The remaining five statues are still missing.
2. The bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac is precious.
The bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac is the most precious historical relic in Yuanmingyuan, because it embodies the highest level of craftsmanship in the Qing Dynasty:
(1) First of all, the copper used in it is alloy copper specially refined for the court, which contains many precious metals. Like the bronze cranes displayed in the Forbidden City and Summer Palace in Beijing. Dark color and clean connotation. It is necessary that it will survive the wind and rain without rusting.
Secondly, it was elaborately made by craftsmen in the palace office dedicated to serving the emperor. The foundry worker finished, and the surface was carved with a fine chisel. Small details such as animal fluff are chiseled and forged, clear and realistic. The key parts such as nose, eyes and ears, as well as the wrinkles on the nose and neck are very delicate, showing a very high level of craftsmanship.
(3) Finally, it was made by court craftsmen in China, and the designers were artists from Europe, such as Lang Shining. Therefore, the bronze statue not only has China's strong traditional aesthetic taste, but also combines the characteristics of western plastic arts. More importantly, they are the cultural heritage of our Chinese nation for thousands of years, and they also symbolize the prosperity of our motherland that year.
Precious cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan 2 1, cloisonne Kirin
Cloisonne Kirin is a gorgeous and colorful handicraft, which is made of enamel of various colors attached to a copper or bronze tire and fired. The name "cloisonne" is a common name, and the official academic name is copper tire cloisonne enamel.
Step 2 tap
One of the bronze statues of the animal heads of the 12 Zodiacs was originally a part of the fountain outside Haiyan Hall in Yuanmingyuan, which was cast during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. According to the data, this series of animal heads was designed by Italian Lang Shining, a court western painter, supervised by Michel Benoit, a Frenchman, and made by court craftsmen.
3. Sikuquanshu
The full name of Siku Quanshu is King James Siku Quanshu. It is a large-scale series compiled during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Under the auspices of Emperor Qianlong, it was compiled by more than 360 senior officials and scholars, including Ji Yun, and copied by more than 3,800 people. It took 13 years to compile. It is divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji, hence the name Si Ku. According to Wen Jin Ge Ji, * * contains 3,462 kinds of books, including 79,338 volumes, more than 36,000 volumes and about 800 million words.
Yuanmingyuan is not only a treasure house, but also the largest royal museum and art gallery in the world at that time, with many treasures, books and artistic masterpieces. There are famous calligraphy and painting, secret house classics, Zhong Ding treasures, gold and silver jewelry and other precious cultural relics, which condense the essence of ancient culture. Yuanmingyuan is also a garden of exotic flowers and plants, with millions of rare flowers and trees.
It is a mystery how many cultural relics the Yuanmingyuan once collected. Whether it is the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace or other cultural relics buildings, there will be relevant exhibition files to record the cultural relics in the buildings, while the Yuanmingyuan lacks exhibition files, because the total number of cultural relics collected in Yuanmingyuan is not clearly recorded, and it is difficult to find out how many cultural relics have been lost abroad.
Hugo, a great French writer, once said, "Even if all the treasures of China museums are added together, it can't compare with this magnificent Oriental Museum." The lobby of the park is decorated with countless mahogany furniture and displays many rare cultural relics at home and abroad. Garden Hanyuan Pavilion is one of the four royal libraries in China.
Precious cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan 3. A palace in Yuanmingyuan, built entirely of sandalwood, is expensive.
A palace on the east bank of Fuhai, all the pillars and beams are inlaid with diamonds and precious stones.
Burning Yuanmingyuan is another crime of British and French allied forces to cover up their robbery and theft, and it is the criminal logic of sinners.
From 1700, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gathered financial and material resources to help countless skilled craftsmen. After five emperors, the Yuanmingyuan was built in 150 years. Known as "the first garden in China", it has the reputation of "Oriental Museum".
From the 10th year of Qianlong to the 24th year of Qianlong, the Qing court absorbed the baruch form of western architecture and built ten scenes of Dashuifa at the northern end of Changchun Garden, commonly known as "West Building", which lasted 14 years.
The West Building was designed and supervised by Italian Lang Shining, French Michel Benoit and Wang Zhicheng according to the orders of Emperor Li Hong, and was built by China craftsmen. Western-style palace architecture is a pioneering work of China gardens. Haiyan Hall is the largest building in the West Building. There is a fountain in front of the building, and you can climb to the second floor along the east-west ramp. There are water garages on the east and west sides of the building, which are I-shaped, and there is a reservoir in the middle, which can store water 180 tons.
1860, 10 In June, the British and French allied forces broke into the Yuanmingyuan and carried out an appalling robbery. The invaders burned this rare art treasure house at home and abroad on June, 2008 10+08 to cover up their barbaric atrocities of trampling on human civilization.
/kloc-in 0/900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Yuanmingyuan, and the other ten scenic spots were looted. Robbers plundered a large number of art treasures in the park, which later became the treasures of European antique collectors. The statue of the zodiac in Dashui Law is also doomed. Stone carvings were smashed and bronze animal heads were exiled overseas. The destruction of Yuanmingyuan is an immeasurable loss in the cultural history of the motherland and the world!
Located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, Yuanmingyuan is a world-famous royal garden. It consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden, so it is also called Yuanming Three Gardens. In addition, there are many small gardens, distributed in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan, surrounded by stars and arches.
There are magnificent halls and exquisite pavilions in Yuanmingyuan. There are "buying and selling streets" symbolizing lively markets, as well as mountains and rivers and countryside symbolizing rural scenery. Many scenery in the garden is modeled after scenic spots all over the country. For example, the autumn moon in Pinghu, the sunset photos of Lei Feng, An Lan Garden in Haining and Lion Forest in Suzhou.
There are also many landscapes built according to the poetry of ancient poets, such as Penglai Yaotai and Wuling Chunjing ... There are not only ethnic buildings but also western landscapes in the park. Strolling in the garden is like roaming the distant south and enjoying the beautiful scenery at home and abroad; Wandering around, as if in a fantasy realm.
Yuanmingyuan is not only magnificent in architecture, but also contains the most precious historical relics. From the bronze ritual vessels in the pre-Qin period to the famous painters and calligraphers in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are all kinds of rare treasures. Therefore, it was the largest museum and art gallery in the world at that time.
1860101On October 6th, British and French forces invaded Beijing and invaded Yuanmingyuan. They plundered everything in the garden that could be taken away, and those that could not be taken away were carried by carts or animals. If it can't be shipped, it will be destroyed at will. In order to destroy the criminal evidence, more than 3,000 invading troops were ordered to set fire to the garden on June 18 and June 19. The fire burned for three days and thick smoke enveloped the whole city of Beijing. China, the treasure of garden art and the essence of architectural art, was reduced to ashes in this way.