The image of Dapeng accompanied Li Bai's life. As I said before, Li Bai is a gangster. When he was still in Sichuan, he worked hard. In about the eighth year of Kaiyuan, he visited the famous Li Yong, who was later called Li Beihai. At that time, Li Bai was twenty years old and crazy. Li Yong may have criticized him. He felt very unhappy and wrote a poem called "On Li Yong":
Dapeng rises with the wind one day and soars into Wan Li.
If the wind weakens, it can still lift away the turbulent current.
When the world saw my unchanging tone, it sneered at all my big words.
Fu Xuan can still fear the afterlife, but her husband can't be young.
How proud Li Bai is. He is in his twenties and is nothing. He went to visit Li Yong. At that time, Li Yong was the chief executive of Yuzhou, which is now the place of Chongqing. He ignored Li Bai. Li Bai said: You are wrong. Even Confucius said that the afterlife was terrible. How can you despise a genius like me? This poem describes the image of Dapeng, "Dapeng will rise with the wind one day", which means that it would be great if I, Li Bai, reached the top one day.
Li Bai has considered himself a Dapeng since his youth.
Lecture 8 Moonlight, Rivers and Dapeng Birds-Li Bai's poetic and song images, and Li et al. all mentioned Li Bai's Fu Dapeng when writing Li Bai's biographical materials. Fu Dapeng was a best seller in the prosperous Tang Dynasty! It is said that all the dignitaries in Beijing had one at home at that time. Fu Dapeng is not a poem, but a text. Li Bai is better than Du Fu, who can only write poems, but the article is not well written. Li Bai is good at writing poems and articles. Prose is well written and fu is well written. Fu Dapeng, also known as Dapeng Bird Club, is very well written.
The writing background of this essay is in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (AD 725), when Li Bai met Sima Cheng in Hubei. Li Bai mentioned that Sima Cheng praised him, which is in the preface of Fu Dapeng. Sima Chengzhen said that Li Bai could "roam the eight poles", and Li Bai was overjoyed. Sima Cheng town awakened his sense of being sage like type. Later, He Zhangzhi said that Li Bai was a "fallen fairy", and Li Bai simply called himself a "fallen fairy".
The front of Fu Dapeng is orderly: "I once met Sima Weizi on the rooftop of Jiangling, saying that I have a spirit that can roam with the gods because there is a saying that' Dapeng meets birds'. This gift has been handed down from generation to generation and is common in the world. Regret that you have less work, and abandon it when you are not poor in middle age. Reading the Book of Jin and reading Ruan's Dapeng Zan made me feel humble. Therefore, more memories and more old books are different. I have a collector in my belly, how dare I pass it on to the author? I can only show it to my children. " Li Bai said: When I met Sima Cheng, I wrote a poem "Fu Dapeng", which was read by everyone in the world, but I thought it was not well written, so I threw it away. But then I saw a famous person in Wei and Jin Dynasties also wrote Dapeng Zan, but what did he write? So, I rearranged it according to my memory and wrote this song "Fu Dapeng".
This song "Fu Dapeng" is well written. Although it is fu, it is the same as Li Bai's singing. Let's read some closely related words.
A sentence made out of nothing: "The old fairy of South China made a secret in the lacquer garden." The old fairy in South China refers to Zhuangzi, and Zhuangzi once made a painting garden order. "Spit much, open the mighty words. Qi and harmony are hard to blame, and the giant fish in the north remains to be discussed. I don't know how far it is, but it's called Kun. Cheng Dapeng ... "In fact, the last few words are almost the original words in Zhuangzi's" Happy Travel ",which is about how Dapeng came from.
Happy Travel in Zhuangzi is a familiar title. Zhuangzi is a very interesting person with a lot of scientific knowledge. He knows that there are Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean. He talked about Nanmei and Beimei in "Happy Travel": "Beimei has fish called Kunbei. I don't know how many miles they have, but they turned into Peng and flew away angrily. You see how imaginative Zhuangzi is: in the Arctic Ocean, there is a big whale. Of course, he was talking about a Kun fish. I wonder how big it is. I don't know how many miles it is just because its back is exposed. Later, this Kun became Peng. I wonder how big it is. I only know that its back is thousands of miles and its wings can cover half the sky.
Li Baitai likes the image of Dapeng in Xiaoyao, and he thinks this Dapeng is himself. This Dapeng should be a genius who comes out once in 500 years or once in a thousand years. How do ordinary people call Dapeng? People in the world are sparrows. Only I Li Bai can be called Dapeng. Therefore, Li Bai's "Fu Dapeng" directly uses the allusions of Zhuangzi's "Happy Travel". Li Bai has repeatedly said how magnificent this big flying sound is, even more magnificent than what Zhuangzi wrote.
Li Bai's imagination seems more developed than Zhuangzi's. Let's read a few words of Li Bai's Fu Dapeng and write about Peng Fei's feeling of getting up: "The beard is taken off on the island, and the Tianmen is covered with feathers. Brush the spring flow, hibiscus is in the morning. " Dapeng flies, and the sun just rises. The sun is slightly red on Dapeng's wings. "It is like the universe and Kunlun Mountain." Between the universe and Kunlun, there are only Dapeng birds. "A drum and a dance vanish." A beat of Dapeng's wings and a breath change the color of the world and make the sky foggy. "The five mountains are shocked, and all the rivers collapse." If Dapeng flaps its wings, even the five mountains will be turbulent and even the submarine volcano will erupt. The next few words: "air jet will generate clouds of six rivers, and hair will fly thousands of miles." What's more, this kind of climate change is caused by Li Bai's Dapeng rebellion-when this Dapeng blows, the sky and the ground are full of clouds, which is much better than a jet plane. Li Bai went on to write: "Erqi is magnificent, reflecting the back of the river, with gray upper body and long lower body." Hehan is Tianhe. Li Bai and Zhuangzi are both great. They are all immortals. Before people landed on the moon by spaceship, they had already seen the earth. The earth they see is dominated by oceans-"the upper part is gray and the lower part is long." It's amazing! "Pangu opens the sky and looks straight at the sky, why sigh against the sun?" The epoch-making Pangu can only watch. He just saw Dapeng when he was in a daze. "Between the eight great famines, it is half of the four seas." In the past, the world was five continents, but now it is not a problem to say that there are seven continents. As long as Dapeng comes out, it will be a ghost crying and wolf howling. "Wu Tian was shocked and Hai Ruo was shocked." In China mythology, Tianwu is a water god. If the sea is a sea god, they will be frightened when they see Dapeng. "Giants climb mountains, and long whales jump into the sea and fly down." The dragon whale in the sea was too scared to come out when it saw Dapeng. Li Bai also pretended to be naive and said, "I don't know if this is the case, but the cover is a masterpiece of nature." Why is Dapeng so great? You ask me, I don't understand. If you must ask, I can only say that this is heaven and earth. This is Li Bai. He pretended to be a "fallen fairy" and said that something was excellent and came from heaven, which meant heaven and earth, not my own will. Li Bai's overlooking, overlooking the world, overlooking the world of mortals, are all reflected in Fu Dapeng, the Dapeng who flew over nine days.
Li Bai's Dapeng is slightly different from Zhuangzi's Dapeng. Dapeng, Zhuangzi, just be happy-I'm flying so high that I don't look down. Why am I looking at you? This is Zhuangzi. Li Bai is not like this. Why did Li Bai's Dapeng fly so high just to look down on the earth? This is the symbolic meaning of Dapeng to Li Bai. Li Bai has an attitude of overlooking the whole world of mortals. After nine days, Big Pengfei saw nothing. Great sea gods and great river gods will tremble when they see me. What is the change of the river? The whales and dragons in the sea were too scared to come out when they saw me flying in the sky. What changes have taken place in nature? How did the clouds come from? It is my Dapeng who is spraying; How did the goose feather snow come from? It's me, Dapeng bird, changing feathers. There is only Dapeng between heaven and earth, covering everything, permeating the universe and overlooking the whole world of mortals. Dapeng looks at the earth on the moon like an astronaut and sees a blue sea.
In the image of Dapeng, Li Bai gained the right to look down on the world for more than nine days and transcend the world of mortals, which is the special significance of Fu Dapeng. It would be a pity if there were no "Fu Dapeng" in Li Bai's poems and songs. The image of Dapeng is more convincing than the image of the river, which can better explain what kind of person Li Bai is. Why is Li Bai a poet? Because he is a genius, a fairy and a man who looks down on the world, his attitude is different.
One of the most famous swear words in Li Bai's poems, Li Bai used to scold people he looked down on. The most vicious sentence was "Dong Long is not a chicken or a dog!" -Those bastards, what the hell? What is it! In Li Bai's eyes, there are few cats and dogs in the whole world. However, Sima Cheng Town is a cultural Kunlun, and Li Bai still respects him. Li Bai compared himself to Dapeng, and Sima Qian compared Cheng Zhen to a rare bird. The implication is: look around the world, who else but you and me?
"Heroes in the world only make kings." Cao Cao and Liu Bei were heroes who cooked wine when they were young, which made a much-told story. Look at Sima Chengzhen and Li Bai, two immortals. These two Taoists in the Tang Dynasty-of course, one is a true Taoist and the other is a false Taoist. There are two cultures before and after Kunlun, one is white-haired and the other is handsome young people. When they meet together, the words between them are also heroes of cooking wine. But this is not a general theory of heroism, but a theory of immortals. And not the kind of mother-in-law who has no strength, but Dapeng and rare birds. Such a great work, of course, makes everyone look up, and only in that great era can it appear. This was written during the Kaiyuan period, when the Tang Dynasty was prosperous, and this ethos could infect everyone.
Sima Chengzhen is a master in the world. He is the soul of the universe, and the young Li Bai is also the soul of the universe after he came out, so there is this "Fu Dapeng". With this work as the basis, let's take a look at Li Bai's poems, whether it is "I climb to the top". I look around the world, the great river is gone forever "or" the Yellow River comes like silk ". No matter what Li Bai says, we can understand. When Li Baigang came out of the mountain, he was with Sima Cheng Town, and his soul flew into the sky. Nine days later, he looked down at the world of mortals. Fu Dapeng is too important for understanding Li Bai.
Li Bai wrote a poem before he died, which was also related to Dapeng. The title of this poem is Ying Lu Ge, but many scholars have pointed out that the title should be Dying Song.
The relationship between Li Bai and Confucius is very interesting. Li Bai sometimes criticized Confucius and said, "I am a madman in Chu and sang a crazy song that argued with Confucius." But Li Bai also worships Confucius because he is a scholar after all. Li Bai's last work about Dapeng has a lot to do with Confucius.
Li Bai's last work on the image of Dapeng is actually Li Bai's masterpiece-the last song;
Dapeng spreads its wings and flies in all directions. This kind of transit and destruction is not powerful.
I am excited by the lingering wind, swimming in hibiscus and hanging stones.
Later generations have this story, Zhong Ni died, who cried!
This poem is very sentimental. According to legend, Confucius died in the same way. The death of a great man is legendary. It is said that before Confucius died, Zi Gong went to see him, and Confucius sang three poems:
Too bad!
The beams and columns are destroyed!
Philosophers wither!
These three poems, translated into modern Chinese, are: the towering Mount Tai is about to collapse, the tall stone pillars are falling, and a generation of great men can rest in peace.
The sentence in Li Bai's poem "Who cried when Zhong Ni died?" Is about the death of a saint. Judging from the emotion of the whole poem, we judge that this is a masterpiece and there should be no problem.
There is also a Dapeng image in this poem, but it is different from the Dapeng image in Li Shangyong written by Li Bai when he was in his twenties, and it is also different from the Dapeng image he met in Sima Cheng Town when he was in his twenties.
"Big Town Bazi" is no problem, just like Dapeng in Yonghe. The key is the next sentence, "the sky is too strong to die", flying in mid-air is not enough, and the heart is too strong. When will Li Bai feel powerless? Before Li Bai died, Li Guangbi, a famous soldier, had a military action. Li Bai wanted to attend, but he couldn't walk on the way, and later he was critically ill.
Through this work, we can draw a conclusion that the image of Dapeng, like the image of the bright moon, runs through Li Bai's life. From Li Bai's adolescence to his death, the bright moon accompanied him all his life, and Dapeng also flew in his mind and his spiritual world all his life.