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Ask for a detailed introduction of two ancient cultural sites in Linzi.
There are many kinds of Longshan cultural relics in Zibo, the most representative of which is Tonglin Site. Longshan culture developed from Dawenkou culture, about 4000 years ago, belonging to patriarchal society, reflecting the disintegration of primitive society and the transition to slave society. Because it was first discovered in Chengziya, Longshan Town, Zhangqiu County, Jinan City, it was named "Longshan Culture". The pottery in this period is mainly gray pottery, followed by black pottery, and red pottery and white pottery are rare. Longshan culture period is a post station in the process of human evolution in primitive society, and it is also the historical legacy of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation.

Tonglin site is located in the northwest of Qi Gucheng 15km, on the east bank of Wuhe River, north of Lushan Mountain, and between Tonglin Village and Tianwang Village in Linzi District. Formerly known as "Tonglin Tianwang Site". In July, 200 1 year, when the State Council announced the national key cultural relics protection unit, it was renamed as Tonglin Site. Painting water meets the five rivers here, and Yugong Mountain is in the west. 199 1 edition of Linzi Cultural Relics Records records that the Tonglin site includes five sites between Tianwang, Tonglin and Yihe Village, with a length of 1000 meters from north to south, 500 meters from east to west and a total area of 500,000 square meters, belonging to the Longshan culture type in the late primitive society. As early as 4,000 years ago, human beings lived here and engaged in primitive labor such as hunting and gathering, farming and pottery fishing. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, important cities of Qi were built in this area. 1977, Shandong Provincial People's Government announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit, and Zibo Municipal People's Government set up a monument here to commemorate it. In July 20001year, the State Council announced "Tonglin Site" as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The area around Tonglin site is high in terrain, stepped and soft in soil. The gray culture layer is 3 to 4 meters thick and 7 meters deep, which is very rich in connotation. It is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the natural environment is superior. In history, stone shovels, axes, sickles, brooms, net ornaments and other ground drilling stone tools have been unearthed many times, as well as black, red and white pottery such as cups and cups. 1982, Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology carried out a local excavation and cleaning here to meet the needs of local people to repair fields and build canals, and unearthed a number of ceramic cultural relics such as retort, pot, cup, bean, basin and bowl. Among them, black pottery appliances are the most. Most of the unearthed cultural relics are regular in shape, with smooth surfaces and mostly chordal patterns. Among them, the feet of Ding and Jing utensils are beak-shaped, decorated with bird crowns; Pots, cups and various lids are mostly black pottery, with delicate fetal quality and bright uranium surface; The cup is bamboo-shaped, exquisite in shape, thin in wall and just right in temperature. Clay-polished black pottery pot-shaped ding in unearthed cultural relics, with different sizes and orderly series, belongs to "Lieding", which provides important clues for studying the origin of ritual vessels in China and the social nature of Longshan culture era. These precious cultural relics were collected by Shandong Institute of Archaeology and Qi History Museum respectively.

Archaeologists believe that Tonglin site not only has the basic characteristics of Longshan culture in Shandong, but also has its uniqueness. A piece of red pottery unearthed is 38.5 cm high and 30.3 cm in diameter, which is rare among pottery unearthed from similar cultural sites in Shandong Province. But the most typical and striking thing is a large gray pottery. Its upper part is a retort, its lower part is a retort, and it is equipped with a cover with a nose button. Its foot is bag-shaped, its surface is decorated with mud-strip additional piles, and its waist has a round hole grate. Its diameter is 44 cm and its height is 1 16 cm. This is by far the largest piece unearthed in China. The food cooked once with this kind of grey pottery can be eaten by more than a dozen people. These precious cultural relics, together with the bones and teeth of a large number of domestic animals unearthed, reflect the collective life of the ancestors of the patriarchal clan commune during the Longshan culture period.

It is particularly worth mentioning that a large number of rammed soil layers were found in the drilling of Tonglin site, which was recognized by archaeologists as the largest known ancient castle in Shandong Province. Judging from this, this site is the center of human activities in Linzi area during the Longshan culture period, which is of great value for studying and discussing the emergence of class society and the formation of civilization in China.

There used to be an ancient city with a high degree of prosperity near Tonglin site. According to the National Records, in the ninth year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1920), there was Liji City three miles northwest of Linzi, which was Zishan Town, the doctor of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Qi Taigong Tianhe usurped Qi, it was changed to a painting city, which was named after its close painting of water. Qin Wang, a famous scholar at the end of the Warring States Period, was a painter. According to Records of the Historian and Biography of Tian Chan, in 284 BC, Le Yi, the general of the State of Yan, commanded five military forces to attack Qi, and after occupying the capital of Qi, he heard that Qin Wang, known as a sage, was sticking to the painting city and ordered the army to camp three miles around it, so as not to disturb Qin Wang. After the Yan army invaded more than 70 cities in Qi, it sent people to bring jewels, jade articles and luxury goods, and lured them to surrender with high officials and generous salaries, but they were sternly refused. The envoy of Yan said, "If you don't accept it, our army will wipe out the whole city, leaving no chickens or dogs." Qin Wang bluntly said: I have no reason to drag out an ignoble existence when the country is ruined; Forcing me to be your general will not help me! It is better to die heroically than to be born meaningless!

He ordered his family to throw away Yan's gifts, expel Yan's envoys, tidy up their families and strangle them afterwards. Qin Wang's heroic sacrifice greatly inspired the morale of the Qi army and the people against the Yan army. The Tian Dan of Jimo City assembled the strength of everyone, defeated the Yan army with the "Fire Bull Array" and blew the horn of the charge to recover the lost land of Qi State. Later generations remembered Qin Wang's noble character, buried him in the land of his hometown and erected a monument to commemorate him. Xu Yikui, a writer in Ming Dynasty, wrote an inscription for him. Qin Shaoyou, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote On Qin Wang, which is full of love and literature. Li Gou, a contemporary thinker in Qin Shaoyou, once praised Qin Wang with seven quatrains:

All the States of Qi have made friends with Yan soldiers, valuing righteousness over the country.

Seventy-two cities are all in the north, and they are loyal and angry for a while.

Qin Wang's Tomb is located in the west of Tonglin Site 1 km and 60 meters south of Zhaokou Village in Jinshan Town. The original stone tablet in front of the tomb was "the tomb of Qin Wang, a martyr of Qi Dynasty", which has been damaged. Now it is the symbol of "Qin Wang Tomb, a provincial key cultural relics protection unit" established by Linzi District People's Government 1988.

Modern exploration and excavation show that there are a large number of rammed earth buildings, roads and tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty on the upper floor of Longshan cultural relics in Tonglin site, and some fragments of bricks, tiles and pottery in the Warring States and Han Dynasties have been unearthed, which further proves that this place was once a prosperous ancient city, which is consistent with the records in National Records and Linzi County Records. In order to further explore the characteristics of prehistoric culture in northern Shandong and the origin of Qi culture, in the autumn of 2002, Peking University University, Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Linzi District Cultural Bureau made a new excavation of Tonglin site, and found that the area of Longshan cultural site was 6,543.8 0.5 million square meters, and a large moat settlement site was discovered, and 400,000 square meters of Yueshi culture and early Western Zhou cultural sites were excavated, and trenches, ash pits, caves and tombs were cleared up. The unearthed cultural relics such as Tao Ge, clay pots, bones, stone tools and mussels provide valuable clues for exploring the location of the early capital of Qi State.

In my spare time, I happily went for an outing at Tonglin site, thinking about the collective life scenes of our ancestors in the late primitive society and remembering the patriotic deeds of Qi and Di Xianxian who died in front of powerful enemies. Your soul will be purified and sublimated in silent communication with your ancestors.

The Tianqi Mausoleum is located in Dingzu Mountain, 7.5 kilometers south of Linzi Ancient Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, and east of Niu Shan. There are 150 ancient tombs (tombs) in the four corners of Linzi, which are called "Linzi tombs". Most of these ancient tombs are the tombs of princes, ministers and nobles of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty. Among them, in the south of today's Qiling town, there are six apocalyptic kings buried here, which are called apocalyptic tombs. 1988, the State Council was declared as a national revitalized cultural relics protection unit. Er Zhong Wang, commonly known as "Erwangfen" and "Seven Zhong Wang", is located on Dingzu Mountain in the south of Qiling Town. The two tombs are juxtaposed in the east and west, showing a square foundation beam, which is about 190 meters long from north to south and about 320 meters long from east to west. Among them, Xi Zhong's tomb is about 190 meters long, which seems to have three floors, and it is reduced step by step, and the height of the circular tomb is about 12 meters. The circular tombs in Dong Zhong are shorter than those in Xi Zhong. "The Tomb of the Two Kings", together with Qi Huangong's tomb and Qi Jinggong's tomb in Literature Township, is now considered as the tomb of Shu after Tianqi and Wu Gong after Tian Huan. The Four Tombs, also known as the "Four Gui Tombs" and commonly known as the "Four Female Tombs", are the tombs of emperors Tian Qiwei, Xuan, Min and Xiang. It is located in the east of Niu Shan, next to Nanshan. From west to east: one is Qi Weiwang's tomb, with a height of 30 meters and a circumference of 140 meters; The second is Qi Xuanwang's Tomb, which is 34m high and157m in circumference. The third is the tomb of King Qi Min, which is 22 meters high and has a circumference of 190 meters. The fourth is the tomb of King Qixiang, with a height of 23 meters and a circumference of 130 meters. Four tombs alternate with each other, and the first and second tombs are separated by130m; Second, the third tomb spacing 105 meters; The distance between tombs No.3 and No.4 is 160m, and the total length is 541m.. Like a continuous mountain peak, it is magnificent.

Tianqi Tomb is the tomb of six kings of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The tombs are arranged in the east and west, extending and connecting, and the tombs are majestic and majestic, like hills. There are also small tombs around, with dozens of them, so it is called "Qiling". The most famous tombs in Lingqu are Er Zhong Wang and Si Zhong Wang.

Zhong Wang is located at the eastern foot of Dingzu Mountain, which is said to be the tomb of Qi Huangong and Qi Jinggong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi Huangong, the son of Qi, is called Childe. During his reign from 685 BC to 643 BC, Guan Zhong carried out drastic reforms to develop national strength and enhance military strength. Finally, it became the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Gong Jing, whose real name was Chu Jiu, was in office from 547 BC to 490 BC, and his prime minister was Yan Ying, whose achievements were praised by people at that time. The two tombs are arranged side by side on the east and west sides. Because the mountain is a tomb, it is 20 meters high and its circumference is 120 meters.

The Tomb of the Four Kings is located in the south of He Zi Village. According to legend, it was the tomb of Tian, Zhen and Wang during the Warring States period. Wang Wei reigned from about 356 BC to 320 BC, and appointed Zou Ji as prime minister and Sun Bin as strategist. Its national strength is unprecedented and it has become one of the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States". Wang Xuan was famous during the reign of Xinjiang from about 3 19 BC to 30 1 year BC. He called literary lobbyists and founded the Xia Ji School. The four tombs are juxtaposed from west to east, enclosing the tombs with a height of100 ~120m.