Private cotton textile enterprises founded in the late Qing Dynasty. From 65438 to 0895 (the 21st year of Guangxu), Zhang Jian began to organize in the wave of "setting up a factory to save himself". In the second year, we began to buy land and build factories. It is planned to recruit 602,000 shares, only 30,000 to 42,000 shares a year. 1898, Zhang Jian brought back 20,400 spindles of idle yarn machines stored in Shanghai by Hubei official yarn bureau through Liu Kunyi, and the price was 252,000 yuan, which was regarded as official shares, with "annual interest, regardless of profit and loss". Production began the following spring, and the site was in Tongzhou (now Nantong) in the south of the Yangtze River. The factory is surrounded by cotton-producing areas, and the raw materials are cheap. Workers' wages are lower, and the taxes are lighter. The developed local textile industry provides a market for cotton yarn. Smooth operation and rich profits. 1903, 40,800 spindles were added, and 26,000 spindles were purchased for the second plant in Sheng Da, which was put into production in 1907. 19 15 added a cloth factory and planned a third factory in Haimen. 192 1 year, Sheng Da sub-factory was established. Soon, it was renamed Sheng Da No.1, No.2 and No.3 Textile Company. Since then, due to natural disasters, warlord melee and large-scale operation, the loss-making capital turnover is ineffective. After 1922, it was supervised by the syndicate. 1925, Jiangsu and Zhejiang consortia took over the factory in Sheng Da. The second textile company went bankrupt. 1952 the first and third textile companies are public-private partnerships, and 1966 is state-owned.

In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the merchants from Tonghai, such as Pan Huamao, Guo Xun, Liu Guixin, Chen, Shen Jingfu and Zhang Jian, held a meeting and received 602,000 silver shares, each 100, with * * 6,000 shares per year. On February 8th of that year/KLOC-0, Zhang Jian's consultation was submitted to the Governor of Liangjiang for the record. The nature is for business, and it is divided into Shanghai and Shanghai to receive shares.

Due to the unsuccessful rights issue, in the autumn of 1896, Chen withdrew and Gao Qing and Jiang participated. 165438+1October, through Liu Kunyi, Zhang Zhidong bought 40800 spindles of corroded official machines from the United States in June 1893 for "westernization" and put them on hold in Shanghai for weaving layout in Hubei. As an official share, 502,000 shares were invested, and another 502,000 shares were invested 1 million, which was changed into a joint venture between government and business. However, because the stocks could not be assembled, Sheng Xuanhuai bought machines again, so he divided them with him, each with 20,400 ingots, at a price of 252,000 official shares and another 252,000 shares. Official shares do not count as profits and losses, but only take official profits by year. Therefore, it has become a kind of "gentry-led business" nature.

After more than two years' travel, Zhang Jian first set up a factory in Taozhuba, Tangzha, Tongzhou in March of the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), and named it "Sheng Da Cotton Mill" according to the Book of Changes. In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), the furnace was inspected in March 1 1, the machine was inspected on March 25th, and the test run was carried out on March 29th. 1May 23rd, 899 (April of the lunar calendar14th) officially started spinning, and signed a "factory contract". In September of that year, the yarn price jumped high, and the mill made money, so it was able to maintain production. The net profit in the second year of driving (excluding official profit) is 52,000 yuan, the net profit in the third year is 654.38 million yuan, and the net profit in 190810.9 million yuan. So the profit is higher. Due to the generous profits distributed to shareholders, the number of shareholders has gradually increased, with an annual capital increase of 82,000 yuan190/kloc-0. 1903, Sheng Xuanhuai official machine was transferred to Sheng Da cotton mill with a discount of 252,000 yuan. Even with the addition of 302,000 new shares, the share capital has increased by 552,000 yuan this year. The whole factory has 40,800 spindles, accounting for 1 1 of the total number of spindles in China. 9%。

1904 (30th year of Guangxu), after the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, the foreign cloth dumped by Japan in Northeast China dropped sharply, and the native cloth of Nantong Guanzhuang was sold well in Northeast China, with a total sales of more than 6,543,805 pieces (40 pieces each). At that time, the cotton yarn output of Sheng Da cotton mill was only half that of Guanzhuang cloth, which provided favorable conditions for the development of Sheng Da cotton mill. 1905 has a very thick profit, increasing its share capital by 672,000 yuan. 1907, Sheng Da branch was established in Chongming with a capital of over 800,000 yuan and 26,000 spindles. On July 23rd of that year, the first shareholders' meeting was held, and Sheng Da Textile Co., Ltd., which unified the general factory and branch factories, was registered by the Ministry of Commerce and won the patent right of "Fiona Fang Baili cannot set up another textile factory within 20 years", thus establishing the system of local economic monopoly in Sheng Da.

19 14 After the outbreak of World War I, imperialism was busy with war, which gave China a good opportunity for the development of textile industry and also brought a "golden age" to Sheng Da cotton mill. According to 19 17, domestic gauze sold well this year, especially in Sichuan and Jiangxi. The price of gauze rose from 156 yuan to 230 yuan, so the annual profit was 762,000 yuan. In the next four years, it was also profitable continuously, with a profit of more than 5.6 million yuan from 19 192 1 year and five years.

After 1922, the textile mills in Sheng Da began to decline. The external reason is that after the First World War, imperialism made a comeback. In particular, Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries stepped up the dumping of goods and capital to China, and used China's abundant resources and cheap labor to open factories to occupy the market, which severely hit the newly-built textile mills in Sheng Da.

1in the autumn of 923, the first factory in Sheng Da was shut down due to lack of funds to buy flowers. Liu Zicheng and Ding Ziying each contributed 1 10,000, and Zhang Jian saved tens of thousands from the farming and animal husbandry company, which was 1 10,000 from other colleagues. In addition, the cotton produced by various salt farmers' companies is used as raw material to form the "First Factory Maintenance Meeting" to provide financial support for the first factory. /kloc-in the winter of 0/924, the first factory was taken over by the local financial maintenance association.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/924, the creditors of Nantong Zhangdeji, Dongyuan, Shunkang, Yongchanglin, Zhenfeng, Tong Yuan, Yu Hui, Chengyu, Tongfengtai, Zhenggongji, Dingchang, etc. of Shengda No.1 Factory urged for debts, and Sheng Da could not make sense, so Qian Sheng organized a "local financial maintenance meeting" to supervise the operation.

1925, four banks, namely, Shanghai Jincheng Bank, Shanghai Bank, China Bank and Bank of Communications, together with creditors such as Yongfeng Bank and Yongju Qianzhuang, formed a banking group to maintain liquidation, take over the factory of Sheng Da University, and set up joint takeover institutions respectively. Sheng Da No.1 Factory owes Yongfeng a lot of money. From 1925 to 1938, Yongfeng sent its manager Li Shengbo. After Li Shengbo's reform, the situation of No.1 Factory finally stabilized slightly.